psat-13 those jobs

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1 1SECTIONi

TUne- 2S minutes24 Questions

(1-2.4)

, ,.. . .

Directions:' For each questionin this section, select the best answerfrom amongthe choicesgiven and fill hi-the'cOrrespondingoval on theanswersheet.

Each sentence below hasone or two blanks,each blankindicating that somethinghas been omitted.Beneaththe sentenceare five wordsor sets of words labeled AthroughE. ehoosethe wordar set of words that, wheninserted in the sentence; fits the meaningof thesentenceas a whole. '

Example:

Hopingto __1-_ the dispute, negotiatorsproposeda compromisethat they felt wouldbe to bothlabor and management.

(A) enfc)rce. . useful(B) end;. divisive .(e) overcome. . unattractive(D) extend . . satisfactory(E) resolve .• acceptable . ® ® ® ® .,

1. Those who had been laid off were pleased to - - - - -their jobs, since the workwas both enjoyable andfinancially rewardin .

(A) resume (B) forgo (e) undermine

D) interrupt (E) compare)

2. The fact that Barbara had wona, new plasmatelevision set on a game show madeher.the

~ of her less ------- acquaintanceswhoresentedher good luck .

(A), delight . . happy(B) mystery. . suggestivee) joke . . defensive .

(D) envy . . fortunate(E) symbol. . artful

3. Alreadyone of he most-watchedcurators in the

United&tates,Thelma Goldenfurther ------- thepublic's -------,with thecontroversial show sheorganized ,at the WhitneyMuseUmin-1994. .

,(A) quelled . . apathy(B) censored . . curiositye) mitigated. . wariness0) fueled . . interest

(E) established . . indifference'

-2-

4. The region's barrenness, evident in its lack of animallife, vegetation, and even flowingwater, presentsan extreme exampleof ----- .

A) elevati9D' (B) desolation , C), cynicism·. . (D) impermanence (E) versatility .

S ~ The critic praise4 the author's style: his essaywas able to conveycomplex ideasin remarkablyfewwords. .

(A) dogmatic- (B) skittish e) succinct(D) effusive (E) prescriptive

6. Election officials initiate.d'an investigation of theincuinbentsfor -----:0,for dividing votingdistrictsto adyantagetheir party unfairly. .

, (A) extortion · (B) perjury ee) j ~ s u r g e n c y

.;·. D) filibustering (E) g e ~ a n d e r i n g

7 . The odds thata complex mechanical systemw l l -increase whena vital functionis performedby a singlecomponent;ti.tus is highly desirable.

(A) .proliferate . . complexity(B) operate . . magnitudee) endure . . symnietry

(D) falter . . concentration .(E) fail . . redundancy. .

8. Sincemostnon-native specieshave rninhnaleffects·on the ecosystems theyinvade,a key 'questionis what

factorsdistinguish invadersthat become ' fromthe majority that remain .

(A) denizens . . ensconced(B) scourges . . O c u o u s

e) residents . . benignD) pests . . pernicious

(E) :omens . . intrusive



1The passages below are followed by questions based on , heircoDtent; questions following a pair of related passages may alsobe basedon'thet:elationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is or mI lim in thepassages and in any 'int:rQductorymaterial that may be p r o ~ d e d .

Questions ,9.12 are- ~ on the following passages. ': . , ; -. .

Passage 1

Psychologist Sandra'Ti'ehub studies the effects of musicon bab.ies. Specifically, she has studied the history and'universality of lullabies (shefoundthat they soundthe

ne same the world over) and has dOcumentedthe power of5 a mother's singing' (it dea:eases s ~ s shonnones in her

child). ''Music making," she writes, ~ i sso successful in 'managing the baby's state and getting the baby to sleep thatit makes the task of caring for the baby e a s i e r ~And a babythat's better cared for, she concludes, is more likely to .

1 survive to 'adulth()o.<i and r e p r o d u ~ eThis gets to the 'cruxof a debate that has ,galvanized evolutionarY biologists, 'psychologists, and neurosCientistSalike: Could, musicmaking'have e ~ o l v ~to help ~ s survive and reprOduce?

P ~ e

. "Music is auditory cheesecake," ,says cognitive. scientist15 Steven Pinker. He concedes that music is one of those .

wonderful. things that make life worth living, ut he idoesn'tbelieve it'contri':>utes to the propagation of the species, .which, to a bi910gist, is what counts. As far as biologicalcause and effect are concerned, music is useless, Pinker

2 argues, because it does not increase an individual's chancesof passing genes along to the next generation. Music ,

he maintains, is something humans invented and thencultivated because it w e a k s t h ~brain 'andbody in ap l e ~ u r b l eway. Humans invented music 'only bec ause

~ 5 they enjoy i t

9. Both Trehub,and Pinker suggeSt that music.is

(A) specific to a r t i c u l a r ~ u l t u r e ~

(B) soothing to unsettled babies ,(C) . lot f\lllY appreciated by o p l e

(D) appeMing tohuman beings '(E) of limited biological importance

10. Pinker uses the word "cheesecake'" (line 14) in order .to suggest that music is

(A) enticing but potentially hannful(B) an experience that cannot be conveyed verbally(C) of little benefit beyond being enjoyable(D) only ~ g i n a l l yrelevant scientifically(E) a pleasant combination of i s c r e t eelements

11. Passage 1 suggests that Trehub would most likelyrespond to what "Pinker argues" (lines 19-20,Passage 2) y .

(A) asserting ,that mothers.sing to their babies inall known 'societies

(B) . observ ing that Pinker's explanation igno.-esthe indirect effects of lullabies

(C) denying that the appeal of music can everbe explained genetically

D) pOintingollt that bedtime tunes are continuallypassed down from generation to generation

(E) . criticizing Pinker's failure to distinguish amongsongs of different' cultures

,

2. Which best describes the relationship betweenPassage 1 and Passage 2 ?

(A) Passage 2 systematically analyzes a theoryoutlined itiPassage ,1.

(B) Passage 2 presents a view that contradictsa hypothesis introduced in' Passage 1.(C) ' Passage 2 offers a social perspective on a topic

that Passage 1 examines scientifically.D) 'Passage 2 cites experimental evidence that

. 'debunks assumptions made.in Passage 1 .

. (E) PaSsage 2 explores an a l t e r n a ~ v emeans of.supporting a conclusion ~ a c h e din .Passage 1.

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1Questions 13·Z4 are bUed on the o U ~ w i n gpassage.

In this a s s ~ g ea historiar:t discusses some of he issuesshe encounter.ed while researching. the life of James FOTten1766-1842), a member of Philadelphia s early Black

American community. Probably most famous as an advocate ofabolitionism-(the movement to abolish slavery),FOTten also made a/ortune as the ownerofa businessthat a d ~andsupplied sails to the shipping trade. .-

James Forten's relationship with Philadelphia's Whitebusiness community remains e l u s i v ~to 'be twenty-first- _century researcher. W e ~ t o d oQuaker Susanna Emlen

line descri1;Jed Forten, in a letter to an English friend in 1809,5 as a person of good character and o n s i d e ~ b l eproperty.

On his marriage a few years ago it was said a numberof the most respectable merchants in h i l ~ d e l p h i acalledto c o n g r a t u l a ~ ehim and drink punch with him. MerchantAbraham Ritter describes Forten as ''popular as a man of

10 trade and ''well received by the gentlemen of the city'sWhite community. T h ~ r eare also stray references to Whitebusinessmen greeting him in the street: it was nouncomrilon thing to see him shaking hands, or walking armin arm, with merchants of the first respectability. As court

15 records and the inventory-of Forten' s estate after his deathprove, he both borrowed money from White businessmen

, and loaned money to them. How his various business relationships,began and progressed, who took him by the handin the street-these are the dimensions of his·life as

20 a gentleman -on which-the records are silent.The attitude of many members of the Black American .

community was that James Forten was definitely a man tobe trusted, a man whose business abilities and knowledge

of how tog ~ t

things 'done could be relied upon. Sailors5 undertaking voyages to China and India appo inted himto super.vise their families' affairs, should they be lost atsea. Black Alnerican organizations elected him to theirboards. He served as an administrator at -his c h ~ c h . Hehelped coordinate the raising of funds to support Black

3 schools and colleges: He gave White abolitionists adviceon the marketing of t i s l a v e r ypublications. In short, whatForten did not know about the making and investing ofmoney was probably not worth knowing. _

Precisely how wealthy Forten was at anyone point35 in his career is difficult to gauge. An obituary noted that

''for many years Forten was the leading sailmaker inthis city. He paid c mt $10,000 per year in wages (a figure

that seems impossibly high given what saiImakers suchas his employees usually earned), and at one time simul-

4 taneously held contracts to provide the sails for ninety-fivevessels. EVidence like this is useful. AccoUnt books and .ledgers would be even more useful.

In 1838, to defeat a proposal to prohibit Black citizensin Pennsylvania from voting, White abolitionist Benjamin

45 Bacon and Black American minister Charles Gardner went

1 1from house to house in Philadelphia's Black communitygathering data for a massive'census to document the contributions of Black citizens. Forten a l w a y ~sppke up loudly

. for equality before the law, but he withheld the details of5 his personal fortune, which ~ s thave been considerable,

from the census takers.,However worthy thecause-

and he was clearly -n sympathy with Bacon and Gardner'sa i m s ~ t h e r ewere some things an astuie busjnessman keptto himself. .

55 Hthe narrative of James Forten's life as a businessmanhas many more loose ends than, for example, the story ofhis involvement in the antislavery crusade, or his relationship with various family members, it is largely e c a u ~,of the nature of the evidence. His busines.s interests e r e

60 .many, and it was as a businessman that he would oftendefine himself. When he wrote to his friend -abolitionistWilliam Lloyd Garrison, -he alluded again and again tohis need to attend to ''business.'' B u s i n e s s p r e v ~ n t smoreat this time and You know lam a man of business, and

65 have not always tiine at my disposal. Perhaps these werepolite excuses but, when all was said and done, JamesForten was a man of business.

Sadly, the records that should enable us t ~ t to theheart of his success in business have simply not survived.

70 Pulling together the scattered pieces of the puzzle, theloose threads of half a ,century spent in a m ~ s i n gan impressive fortune, is a task that intrigues even as it ultimatelyfrustrates. In a t t e r s o f b u s i n ~ sJames Forten did as anygood businessman of the iinie would do. Aware that dle'

75 talk about one's affairs could prove costly, he kept hiscounsel and he .keeps it still.

13. The author s u g g ~ s t sthat Forten' s relationship withthe White community is elusive to the twenty-first e n ~researclie( e s 2-3) because -

(A) Forten' s success in business puzzled manyof his contemporaries

(B) Forten's popularity CaQllot be co¢irmedby historical records

(C) anecdotes about Forten are contradictoryand confusing

(D) legal records indicate that Forten had bothborrowed and lent money

(E) existing dOCumentsdo not fully explain the .nature of Forten' s business associations

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• 4. In lines 1 - 3 ~ :~ eauthor's discussion·of Forten'scontemPoraries, s used to .

(A) indicate .thew'ltapes for social reform13). demonstrate 'their perceptionsof Forten' s

social status .(C) illustrate the full extent of Forten's wealth'. (D) . reveal challengesmet by community

. (E) ~ x e m p l i f ythe social views'of an era. .

15. In line 10, t r a d e ~most nearlymeans. A), craft . . j

8) q u a l i f i c a ~ Q n

(C) exchange(D) commerce .(E) profession '

, .

16. The author mentionscourt records and Forten's estateinventory (lines 14-15) as indications of the

(A) periodic instability of Forten , s s8ilmakingventures

(B) bureaucratic nature of dOCumentsavailable toresearchers .

(C) ways in which Forten' s investments ultimatelybenefited his family

(D) s ~ g n i f i c a n trole Forteri played in.Philadelphia's. busmess community ,

(E) strength of Forten' s 'detemiination to improvePhiladelphia's 'econoiny .

17. The author most directly s u p p o r t s t h ~ s t a t e m e n t

in lines 21-24 (''The attitude • upOn") by citing

. (A) .challenges that Forten encountered8) decisions that Forten made

(C) situations·that involved a position of trust(D) responsibilities related to Forten's business '

, (E) endeavors that made,Forten wealthy

. 18. In line 41, like this most directly refers toevidence that .

(A) Constitutesa comprehensive record8) . enables researchers to focus on case histories

(C) confirms data collected byearlier historians(D) reveals the daily lives'of wQrkingpeople(E) provides concrete details about business activities

6 ., .

, 19. In lines 43-54, the author discusses the "massivecensuS' (line 47) primarily to

(A) indicate the size of the Black coriununityin Philadelphia .

8) cite ane f f ~ t i v estrategy for influeneing

public policy(C) note an Unp(lrtant source of information formodem.historians '

. (D) .demon$trateForteri's commitmentto racialequality ,

~ illustrate the way that Forten balancedcompeting interests

1

. 20. In line 53, astute most directly emphasizeswhichasPect of Forten's approach to business?

(A) His skill in negotiatiilg8) . His sense of-discretion

(C) His willingness to take calculatedrisks

(D) His reputation as a merchant of quanty goods(E) His'skepticism aboutoverly optimistic goals.

21. In . es 55-67, the a : u t h o r e ~ p h s i z e swhich point 'utForten?

(A) His political ~ c t i v i t i e swere secondary tQ hisconcerns about business. .

.(8) His public actions were consistent philosophicallywith his private actions. .

(C) His public commitmentto social reform may. eem misleading to modem historians.

(D) His lifelong support for social equality ,hadpraCtical applications for his employees .

(E) His political friends failed to appreciate hisbusiness accomplishinents.

22. In line 63. attend to" most nearly means

(A) wait upon .8) go alQng with .

(C) listen to(D) look after(E) be ready for

·1 GO ON TO THE NEXT PA G E ;



\

1.

23. Which resource, i t existed, would' be most helpfulfor the task .described iii lines 70-73 ( Pulling • . .frustra(es ) .1 . .

. .

(A) Forten' S c9rrespondence with his clients(B) Diaries kept by Forten's family members '(C) Copies of the prototypes of Forten' s s il designs

,(D) Navigational records of Philadelphia sailing. vessels

(E) pocumentsshowing the average income ofworkers in the community

1I .

124. The·final phraSe in line 76 ( and . . : still ) primarily

emphasizes which of the following points?

~ A )Forten remained silent on many 9f the racialissues f ~ sday. . . .

8) Members of the Black community were correctto place their ttust in Forten. ·

(C) ·Forten knew more than most of his contemporaries did about making and investing money.

(D) Many 'detai1s about o r t e ~ sbusiness activities .remain unknown to researchers.

. (E) Forten was not forthcoming about hisrel8tlonsbips With family members

. I

S·T O PIf you .flnlsh before time Is called you may check your work on this section only.

Do not turn to any other section In the test. . . . 1



, .2,-; J ', ,

, , 2 D, . ' D 2 .

SECTION 1 ,Time - 25 minutes

20 Questions-' (1-20)

Dliedions: For this 'section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the correspondingoval on the answer sheet. You may ~ s eany available space for ,spratch work. ,. ,

c0.'::

~

~- u

I. The use of a calculator is permitted.2 AU numbers usedare rea1numbers.3. Figures that accompanyproblems in this test are intended to provide infoimation useful in solving the problems.

They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is notdrawn' o s c l e ~All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicate4 .

4. Unless o t h e ~ i s es p e c i f i e ~the domain of any functionf is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for whichj(x) is a rea1 number.

. .

Gl LiJh E} { ~ ~~ sw

b l 30° 1 , 45°a ~ V 3 s

A=m-2A bh lw

C=2trr' , .., V fwh V trr 2h _c 2 a 2 +b 2 Special Right Trhmgles,l . '

c2 The number of degrees ofarc in a circle is 360. , '4~

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles,of a triang e'is 1 80.

, 1. What is the I ~ t positive integer that is divisibleby 2, 3, and 9 ?

(A) 6(B) 9

'(C) 12(D) 18(B) 54

, .9-

0

2. What is the value of x in the figure above?

(A) 50 '(B) 40

(C) 30(D) 20'

(E) 10 '

. (

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D·

3. Of 4 people, ~ a r e c h i l d r e ~f 2 of e children are

D2 wearing nrune t g s ~o w ~ yof the children are .

. wearing name tags?

A ~

(B) Four .(C) Five(D) Six .

E) Eight

,

4. f k2 = 9, what is the v l u ~of k + l) k -1)

(A) -10(B) -1(C) 0(D) ~

(E) . 9

2 o os. f he sum of x and 2x is greater than . he sum of 4y

and -y which of the following must e true? .

(A) y=O(B) x=O(C) y>OD) x>O

(E) x>y

:0

. . 6. ~ t h ea ~ e r a g e(arithmetic mean ofthetblee ·numbers3 x and 1 is S what is the average:of4, x and 6?

(A) ~

(B) ~3

(C) S

(D) S3

(E) S ~3

\...

. IQOONlOTHE NEXT PAGE>

·10 .



o D '7. If x is a.positive number satisfying the equation

10 =Jso+ x , which of he following isclosest to x ? .

(A) 5(B) 6(C) 7(D) 8(E) 9

8. . n the x y - p ~ ethe coordinates of point A .(-2; -1) and the .coordinates ·ofpoint B are (0, -1).If ·B is the midpoint f AC, what are the coordinatesofpOmt C

(A) (2, -I) B) ,(I, -2)

(C ) : (0, -2)I;» (-2,0)

(E) . (-4, -1)

1 1 ~

o 2 WOMEN S SHOE SIZES

If foot length is But less' han or Then shoe sizegreater than equal to . should be

9 nches ; l 619.6 inches2. 1

96 inches. 1 .93 inches 7

1 . . 1 .713 inches 9 2 inches 2

9t inches293 inches 8.

9 ~ inches .3 . ~ i n ~ h s 812

9. Accordin to the a ~ l eabove, if a woman s foot is

i inches long, what should her shoe siZe be?

(A) 6 1.2

(B) 7

( C ) 7 i

(0) 8

(E) · 8·2

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2 D10. Which of the following fractions can be written in the

fonn ,x 1 for some positive m t e ~ e rx1

(A) 3

B) 25

(C) 34

5(D) 3

·8(E) 7

11. If x < 4 andy < 8, which.ofthe following mustbe true? . .

I. y - x > 0II x + < 12

m . x y < y

A) Ionly .(B) lIonlyC) monly

(D) IandmE) l Iandm

.

2

-12-

o D 2m

- - - - - - I I - - - - ~ ~ - - - h

. . . ; k

Note: Figure Dot drawn t scale.

12. In the figure above, i l .h hllk and lines i, m ~ andk intex:Sect ~ point P I fy = 30, what is the value of x?

(A) 4(B) 45C) 50

(D) 55(E) 60

13. Each of the marbles ina bag is either red, black,or green. The nuinber of green marbles is 1 more

than the number of red m8rbles, and the u ~ofblack marbles is 3 times the number of green marbles.Which of the follOWing o ~ dbe the total number ofmarbles in the bag? .

(A) 8B) 12C) 14D) 17

(E) 21



'i'( : ~, ' I

. . . .

0 ,14. For all numbers x ~let h e ' f u n c i i o n ~ fand g 'b e

, ,defined by / ; ) = x + ~ x +and g x) = ~ f ( ) .

: Whads the valuC< . r . g ( 9 )?

(A) 2(B) 3

(C) 4(D) 10

, (E) 16 '

._. _.. .

TREE SJ>ECIES IN A PARK

Birch

,15.,The p p h v eshows dte d i s t r i b u t i o ~of i f f e ~ nt

tree 'species in a certain park as a percent of the total, number of trees in the ,park. I f here ,are200 birch trees, ,'how many more oak trees are there than larch' trees?

,(A) 5(B) ' 10(C) 2S

' (D) 50(E) , 1 '

~ .

-13-

o, - r '

16. In the x y ~ p l a n e ,line i contains the pomts (j, Ie

and (2j, 2k , w h e ~j and k both o ~ i t i v e .

Which of the following is an equation of line I.

in t e ~ sof j and k.?

(A) y =Lx, k:

e8) y = x ,

J, k ;

(C) y = -:x + kJ :

. ' J. ' : ., (D) Y:: X + }

(E) , y = 2x + j + k_

17. A box contams building blocks of i f f e ~ n tshapes ~ dcolors. I f all. the cubes in the box are green, which ofthe following statements about the bloc,ks in the boxmust be true?

1 If a block is not a ,cube, then it' is n o ~green.II. I f a block is not green, then it is not i\ cube. ' '

m. I f a block is green, then it is 'a cube. ,

(A) , Ionly8) II only

(C) , monly(D) land momy(E) I, II, and m

,'-

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D o

18• . n the figure a > o v e ~two identical spheres fit exactlyinside a yliilder, just touching thetop, bottom, and'sides of the cylinder. f he radius of.each sphere is rwhat is the volume of the cylinder in terms of ,1(A) 2nr2

(B) 4nr2

(C) nr

80) -1 r

3(E) 4n r

) ,

2 D D 219. How many p o s i ~ v efour-digit integers have a 5 in

, ~ t h o u s n d splacet a in the tens place, arid at leastone of the digits equ8I to 6 1

A) 10(B) 2C) ' 14

. 0) 16(E) 18

,20. Side RS in'isosceies triangle RSTis longer than'the. other two sides. f he degree measure of T is a '

multiple of 10, what is the'greatest Possible measureof LR 1 '

A) , 400(B) 45° '(C) , 5000) 55°

(E) 700, . ~ ~ -

S T PIf you flnlah before time la called, you may check your work. on this seCtion only.

Do no t tum to any other section In the teat.



3(1) · 3 3 · 3 3 ·3 3 · 3 · 3SECTiON 3

Time - 25 mlDutes24 Questions

. (25-48)

DIrections: For each questionin this section, select the best answer from amongthe choicesgiven and fill in the correspondingoval on the answersheet.

Each sentencebelow,has o n ~or two blanks,each blankindicating that something hasbeen omitted.Beneaththe sentence are five wordsor sets of wordslabeled AthroughE. Choose the word.or set of words t h a ~wheninserted in the sentence, fits the meaningof thesentence as a whole. .

Example:

Hopingto the dispute, negotiators proposeda compromisethat they felt wouldbe to bothlabor and management.

(A) enforce . . useful(B) end . . divlsive

. (C) overcome. . unattractive(D) extend . . satisfactory(E) resolve . . acceptable

t

25. Unlike coworkers'who delighted in office gossip,Felicia remained - - ompletelyindifferentto these matters.

(A) detached (B) impulsive . C) enthrall, (D) .bewildered (E) eceptive.

-16-

26. Perhapsan archaeologist could a v ~ ~ thestrange markingson· he ancient tablet, but to methey were---':'---.

(A) interpreted . . simplicity(B) deciphered . . i ~ r i s h

(C) refracted .• chaos .(D) complicated . . confusion

. (E) explained. . revelation

, 27. D ~ s p it e the regiMe s efforts to eradicate i the. country s enormousforeign debt .

(A) flagged . (B) persisted . (C) receded(D) moderated (E) r e ~ e i l c h e d

21. The --:---- of individual AmericanIndiantribes is reflected in the diversity pf.lndianwovenbaskets, whereeach basket styleservesas a meansof tribal I

(A) paucity . . communication(B) homogeneity. . production(C) variance . . simulation(D) distinctiveness . . identification(E) . suDnarity . recogmtion

29. For Nancy, anythingshe had done or een previously. was now loathsomely boring; repetition, therefore,

was - to her

. A) solace (B) anathema (C) hyperbole(D) duplicity (E) ecstasy

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. .3} 3 . 3 , 3 3· 3· h ~passages l o ; a r e f o l l o w ~by questions baseq on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also

be based on the relationship between ili,e paired a s s a g e ~ .Answer the questions on the basis of what is or.implied in thepassages anc l bl any introductOrymaterial that may be provided. '

Questions 30-31 are based oo ·the following passage.• ; - I

. . . . .

Punctuation, one. s taught, has a poiDt: to keep up law.· and order.'PunctUation marks are the traffic signals placed

along the highway of our communications-to controlUne speeds, provide direction, and prevent head-on collisions.

, 5 A period has the unblinking finality of a red light; thecomma is a f1ashitig yellow light that' asks us only to slow

· down; and the senncolon is a stop sign that tells us to easegradually to a halt f o r estarting up again. By establishingthe relations between words, punctuation establishes the

. relations between the peOple using w o ~ s

30. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) illustrate the role of different u n ~ t u a t i o nmarks8) chastise people for not using correct punctuation

. (C) emphasize the ,dangers of ignoring traffic signalsD) demonstrate the importance of laws in

maintaining order(B) suggest that learning grammar is similar t ..

learning to drive

31. In the passage, the author makes use primarily 'of ,

(A) speculation(B) irony(C) extended an8Iogy

D) exaggeration '

. (B) emoti6nal appeal

Questions 32·33 are based oil the following passage.

Aphysicist trained by C ~ e n S h i u n gWu vividlydescribed Dr. Wu's standards ofexperinlental research.One of he .things I learned from her was that if

you got a result that didn't ~ with someone5 else's you bad to be able to show whatthey'd

done wrong as well s what you'd done right.OtherWise, no one would know whosedata totrust. you had to believe that what you haddone was right, so that you could goon from there

10 and use the data. f t was done sloppily, it wasn'tworth doing because the results weren't reliable.

·17·

32. The physic ist implies that the most valuable scientificresul ts

(A) enhance professiol:lal opportunities for researchers. (B) confonn to a range of theoretical models

(C) have practical uses·beyond their scientific purpose0) can be 'readily understood by laypersons

(B) ' provide a sound basis for further research '

33. According to the passage, Dr. W u ~ strainingemphastzed that documenting another researcher' sapparent errors would bet.tefit students by

(A) e8ming them additional praise for their research(B) helping them to further validate their own work(C) lessening the likelihOod that they would make

similar mistakes. (D) eDhancing their appreciation of the complexity

ofaproblem(B) increasing their familiarity with .the topic being

studied .

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Questions 34-39 are, based on the following passages.

he following a s ~ a g e swere adapted from hv recentlypublished t o r i e s ~, -

Passage 1Roberta disliked this new weather forecaster, whose

. delivery, sj>eaking of the terrible weather, tilted alternatelytoward the jaunty and the grave. He moved before i ~ car

line toon inaps, trailing, t h r o u g h ~ o m etechnical chicanery, je t5 streams and storm frontS from his fingers. Rough sailing,

he said. Pioneer spirit. We may be down, Oregon, u t

w e ~ r enot out. He was fit and handsome and winning 'and would have made a fine game-show host, Robertathought-': all that easy, disarming, fraudulent charm.

1 Trust me, he invited you.,You',ll enjoy it.Roberta preferred the old weather forecaster, Larry-

an honest, straightforward name, not like this one, Bryceor :arock. Larry was flushed and unfit, inclined towardpanic. He looked like a conventioneer on New Year's

15 Eve-his plaid jacket threatened to come loose, his tieto go flapping. From the first, he seemed stopgap, ripefor replacement, which it turned out he was. He wasa pessimist, one of the things Roberta liked best abouthim, and a worrier. He reported mudslides and stationary

2 low fronts and the .inevitable weeks of rain with a petulantregret, as if all this bad news were, in some way he hadn'tyet been able to figure, partly his fault. Roberta had lookedforward to -seeing him every moming, again at six 0 t clock,following his unswerving decline with a f f e c t i o n ~She hoped

5 he was off forecasting someplace warm and predictable,Arizona, for ,example, 'though she d o u b ~it.

Passage 2

, Pilots, surgeons, and weather forecasters are all cut from, the same cloth; their imperative is to keep their cool, even

-as danger n f o l ~ saround t h ~ m .Whether they are a b o u ~to3 take a 757 full of Girl Scouts up in a thunderstorm, remove

a IOdriey, or watch a twister touch down, they all talk withthe same high-wire slang. We're gonna button up androll on out of here, a doctor might say, about to completea liver transplant, but the words might just as easily come

35 from a fighter pilot i ~ s h i n g a dangerous reconnaissancemission or Bobby K. the weatherwolf completing hisnightly forecast. It's their way of letting you know youare in capable hands.

Bobby always starts his weather report off with some ,4 kind of folksy observation. Better tie yourselves down,

gang, because we got a nor' easter· that's gonna twistyouroimbus into a real knot, he'l l say. lt 's movingsouth over Albany carrying a bushel,basket of the whitestuff. Then, just when you think he's a little too casual .

45 for his 'own good, Bobby gets serious: ''We're puttingout a winter stonn warning and it looks like it ' s goingto be twins as a second stonn pinwheels over e a c o n ~

3 3 3 3 3You're gonna see more water vapor than'll steam. t u n ~ ,nel, and you can bet on ~ ~low 20s turning it into glass

5 o v e m i g h ~ w i t l r asplithigh andlow, and a figure eightin Central Park. This one comes strai'gb t'fromblizzard

1

- country, folks. I liked Bobby's sense of drama, even i

it was, at times, ,cpmpletely artificial. Why should~

bedifferent from anyone else on television? '

• Nor'easters are storms that C{Ul occur in the EasternUnitedStates. Theyare known forhurricane-forcewinds and for dumping large amountsofsnow and rain. .

34. In context, the phrase ''technical chicanery (line 4), ' primarily serves to demonstrate Roberta's - :

(A) fasCinationwith special effects(B) impatience with inaccurate weather foreCasts(C) genei al distrust of the new weather foiecaster0) lack of sophisticatio.nabout technology ,

(E) fear that t e c h n o l o g ~is a dangerous force

35. 'The author of Passage 2 would most likely view. the observation in lines 7-9, Passage 1 ( He

harm ), as -

(A)

B)

, C)

(0)

(E)

troubling, because it n ~ c a t e sa real disrespect for weather forecasters

odd, because weather forecasters are usuallyless able to handle press ,ure than are gameshow hosts

unsurprising, because weather forecastersre g ~ n e r a l l ynot that different from other

television -personalities .

lilUghable, because weatherO r e ~ t e r s

receive their training in an entirely differ':'ent field

puzzling, because weather reports and game,shows have nothing in common' '

' 36. Passage 1 serves 'as evidence that the assertionin lines 27-28, Passage 2 ( Pilots cloth ), is

(A) somewhat cliched. (B) obviously outdated(C) unnecessarily vague0) lacking in sincerity

(E) not entirely c c ~ t e

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- ~ :

i . ,

, 37. The author of a s s a g e ~the p ~ high-wire, slang (line 32) to describe language that is

i cautious, t ~ n f i d e l i t'(B) 'bDpatienty,et u n e ~ct) i D v ~ n t i v eyefacclllate ', I) pedantic y ~ t~ o J n p e l l i n g

(E) nonchalaDtyet reassuring .

38. The authorof Passage 2 would consider Larry(passage 1) to e

, (A) atypical of most weather forecasters, (B) innovative yet misunderstood' (C) symbolic of a r o ~ b l i n gtrend in forecasting(D) . unfamiliar with c1ll1 ent technology ' '(E) transparently insincere

, ,

, '

, '

j

, ,

. ' .

. ' i ~

3 '3. 3 3 '39. In Passage 2, the author's attitude toward '

BobbyK. is best desCribed s one of

(A) unqualified approval, B) tempered appreciation(C) studied indifference

, I) mild annoyance.(E) intense dislike

3,: ::

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.



3Questions 40-48 are based on the following pagage.

The following excerpt is adapted from a 1996 book onthe nature o eeing

Our'eyes are built to seek out complete figures.f

am shown a triangle missing the m i ~ t i o n sof its sides,I will complete it in my mind. We instinctively repair the

Line fragments into wholes and search for continuous contours5 and closed cUrves. Shards present our eyes with a problem,

and our brains cast around for t t e r n s ~assembling piecesinto shapes. Our eyes prefer practically any object to aborderless scatter of points. ,

Those, at least, are the facts of vision. If a building1 is half hidden by the branches of a tree, we literally see

it in fragments: subtract the tree and you have a floatingcollection of irregular building pieCes. But the braincompletes the puzzle and the building is seen as a whole.Psychoneurologists 1 call this phenomenon subjective

15 contour completion, and it helps explain how we canroutinely see a singIe building n s ~ dof disjunct pieces.On a deeper level, subjective contour completion answersa desire for wholeness over dissection and form overshapelessness.

2 The night sky is such a shapeless thing. It is a chaos;it has no pictures; it does not represent any earthly forms.I t has no border, no picture frame, no outlines, no up ordown, no beginning or end. For those reasons, it is beautiful but 'intolerable to our eyes, and we make it into

. 25 a tapestry of pictures and patterns, of mythical creaturesand geometric regions. I still find a sense of pleasure andwonderment when I look straight up on an August nightand see Cygnus, the Swan, silently flying across the Milky

Way. Having learned how to pick out its vast wings and30 its long, thin neck, I can never g i nsee those s tars asrandom points. It is not surprising that Cygnus has beena bird since before the Greeks, though it has not alwaysbeen a swan. In early texts it is a hen, a big goose, a pigeon, .a homed owl, an ibis, a mottled desert partridge, and a roc

35 (the bird that carried off Sinbad the Sailor). Yet from themoment it was seen as a bird, it was destined to always bea bird, and that is the way It usually is with consteiIations.

,With force of will, people have been able to ~ thingsin the night sky; at one time the pagan heavens were .

4 Christianized so that the believer would see nothing butsaints in the night sky. In the Southern Hemisphere, someeven more . triking patterns were observed. Because . he

Southern Hemisphere was first mapped during the fervor .of Enlightenment 2 rationalism, it has constellations .named

45 after scientific instruments. There is the Telescope, the AirPump, and the Microscope-very unlikely objects toimagine floating in the sky, and decidedly unromantic.Few of them fit the stars very well, but the point ofconstellations is to make a comprehensible unity out of an

5 underlying chaos, and it takes only one or two stars toanchor a fantasy as odd as a microscope to the heavenly

3 3 · 3 3.

vault. The one star at the top of the microscope and theother below are like quilting pointS, the buttons ill

. upholstery: they force the fabric into c O ~ t a c twith the55 frame b e n e ~just enough sathe two 'remain cOnnected.

The rest is stuffing. The other stars and other parts of the

microscope don't need to be anywhere in particular. s. long as the quilting points hold, we will the microscope. .

Bird or saint, desert partridge or mythical roe it ~ s n t

6 matter. All that counts is that we are not thrown back on theincomprehensible field of nameless stars.

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.1 Psychoneurologists study the way the human brain processes. stores..and utilizes sensory data.

2 be Enllgbtenmentwas an eigbteenth-centul'ypbllosopbicalmovementthat advocated the critical reexamination of dominant social religious.and political beliefs. . , .

40. In line 1, ''figures'' most nearly means

(A) p rsonages(B) diagrams .(C) forms

. (D) statistics(E) symbols

1. The author implies that continuous contours andclosed curves (lines 4-5) are patterns that

(A) suggest unrestrained motion(B) force the mind'to compensate(C) often r o v ~to illusory(D) are predonlinant in nature(E) inherently appeal to a viewer

42. The author refers to ''practically any object (line 7)in order to .

(A) identify the origins of an impulse(B) stress the creative aspects of a process(C) emphasize the strength of a response(D) marvel at the flexibility of the human mind(E) criticize a lack of aesthetic discrimination

43. In context, the reference to ~ e puzzle (line 13)serves to emphasize the

(A) difficulty of constructing certain forms(B) incomplete nature of sensory data(C) complexity of the human mind .

. (D) 'challenging aspects of an intellectual discipline(E) visual elements of an artistic process

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I\

I

III



344. The phi ase On a deeper lever' (lirie 17) serves as

a transition between a discuSsion of

(A) 'a u p e r f i c i a l e ~ p l a n a t i o nand a nuanced theory(B) a n ~ i I r o l o g i c a lresponse and a psychologif81 need(C) an intuitive reaction and a rational analysis0) an indiVidual preference and a cultural tradition

(E) an ,aesthetic critique ,and a scientific discussionI

45. Based 'on information p r e s e n ~in lines 38-61, whichofthe ,followmg would most likely be 'the name of a ,constellation visible in the Southern Hemisphere?

(A) The Lady in the Chair8) The Drawing Compass

(C) The Great Bear, D) h e ~ e

(E) The King

46. The author refers to Enlightenment rationalisml i n ~44) to help account for the

(A) human desire to map ,he cosmos in its n t i r e ~

(B) source of our ~ tunderstanding of the originsof die universe '

(C) human tendency to ascribe me8ning to the stars(D) , array of names assigned to a partic lar

constellation(E) thematic consistency in the names of

constellations in areBion

3 3 ,47. In line 8 , point most nearly means ' ,

(A) purpose(B) tip(C) location(D) theme(E) mark

3

48. Which of the f o ~ o w i n gbest 'captures the main idea 'in lines 59-61 ( Bird .... stars ) ?,

.(A) Many constellations are surprisingly similar to

one a n o t b e r ~

(B) Seeing patterns in the mght sky is ultimately. unimportant.

(C) , It is safe to assume that names of constellationswillchangeover tiIqe.

(D) The fact that we see something is more importantthan what .we see. '

,(E) , Different culrurestend to interpret constellationsdiffere ntly. .

S T P, If you finish INdore time s c a l l ~ ,you may check your work on this section only.

, Do not tum to any other seCtion In the test.

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i

(. o · 0 o o 4,SECTION 4

. TIme - 2S minutes. 18 Questions

(21.38)

D· 0 o 4 ..

D l r e c t i o ~This section oontaiils two types of u s t i ~ n s..You b8ve s i n u ~to complete bOth types. For questions 21-28,'solve each problem and decide which is the best of e choices given. Fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Youmay use any available space for scratch work .

=9~

e~....

Q)uc:~c&

I. The use of acalculatof is. e r m i ~

2. All n U n i ~ r sused are ~ numbtrs.3. F i g u ~that a c c o ~ p M Yproblems in tliis iest areintended to provide n f o n n a ~ i ~ ~useful in o l ~ i n gthe problems.

They are drawn ~ accurately as p o ~ i b l eEXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is notdrawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane pnless otherwise'indicated. ' , .

4. Unless 'otherwise specified, the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for whichf(x) is a real ,number .

.

G ( ~ h E } ~ ~ Xw,lh .., . b l . . . 30° , 45°

a xV3 sA=1rr

A= bh= lw V=lwh Special Right TrianglesC=2nr V r r 2h c 2 =a 2+ b 2,

The number of degrees of arc in a circle s 3 ~

. The sum ,of the mea.stires in degrees of he angles 'C fa gle is 180.

2t. f x+ 2 = 9 and x - y = 4 what is the value of y ~ X is the set of multiples of 3.

A) -3 ·(B) 2(C) . ' 3(D) 5(E) ., 7

Y is the set of squares of integers.Z is the set of odd integers.

. ,

. . 22. Which 'of the following Is a member of both sets X .and ,1, but not of set Z 1 .

(A) 9(B) 16(C) 210) 36

(E) 49

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4· o o oRESULTS OF IRINA'S WORD GAMES

4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

2 0 ~ ~ ~ Ht i l

0 ,s 10 ' 5 ,

. Number of Words

23. Each of the 10 points in the scatterplot above

representsI r i n ~ s

score in a word game plotted against .the number of words she formed for ,that game. In howmany of the 10 games did Irina formfewer than 10words but receive a score greater than 30 ,?

(A) One

(B) Two(C) ,Three

D) Four'(E) Five

4

-24- '

DO DO 4y

24. In the ~ - c O o r d i n a : t eplane above, line . (not shown)is perpendicular to CD f ine I pasSes through theo r i ~ ,which pointlies on both 'llne ' I and CD?

(A) (0,2)

(B) { t

(C) t, ) .I .

(3 3 :, (D ) , 4 4 '(E ) (1,1) j •

... , .

P

25. In the figure above, 0 is the c e n ~ rof the circle andflOPQ is equilateral with a erimeterof 24. What is

the area of the circle?

(A ) , Ibr '(B) 121£

(C) 161£(D) 361£

(E) 641£

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·tl D -0 0• I .x y 0

26. On the .numberlil1e above, he tick marks are equallyspaced. If x + y = -1, what is the value of z ? .

~ A 1

(8) 114

(C)1

13 .

(D) 112

(E) 1 ~3

. -

. 27. The number of-cells ~ a ~ r t i np o p u l ~ t i o ndoubles .every 30 miriutes. If the population starts with . 1 cell,which of the following gives the total number of cells in the population after n b mm? (Assume n is apositive n ~ e g e r .

(A), 2n· . 60

(8) 2n

(C) n 2

(0) n

(E) 22n

4 o [1 [1 4y

III · 1

. 15 X =2·1

II

III

~ The graph above shows a parabola whose line of

s ~ ~ t r yhas equation x = . , Ifthex-intercepts

of the parabola are a, Q) and (4, 0), what is the

value f a ?

(A) : 2 .5 .

(B ) . -3

(C -3.5(D) -4

(E) ~ 4 5

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[] ·0 · o o 4 o o o ·0Directions for t u d e n t ~ P r o d u c e dResponse Questi0;ns

Each of the remaining 10 questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by marking the ovals 'in the special d as shownin the examples below. You may use anyavailable space for scratch work' .

Write a n s w e r

in boxes.

Grid in --+result.

7 Answer. 201Answer: 12 Answer: 2.5 Either is correct.

<D<DCDCDCD_CDCD CD <D • '<D<D<D<DG @G @

<D<D<D<D<D<D<DCD.CDCD<l><D<D<D<D<D<D<D<D

Fractionline

@<D<DcD<DCD

® ®CD CD CD CDG ) G ) G ) G )< D < D < D<D<D<D<DCDCD<DCDCD@<D<D( )

point

Note: You may start your answers. in any column, space permitting. ,Columnsnot needed should be left.blank.

4.

• Mark no more than one oval in any'column.

. ' Because the answer sheet will be machine-

• Decimal Answers: I f you obtain a decimal answer ,with more digits thanthe grid can accommodate,

scored, you wUl receive 'efedlt only if .the ovalsare fiDed in correctly.

• Although ,not required, it is suggested that youwrite your answer in the boxes at the top of thecolumns to help you 'fin in the 'ovals accurately. , ..

• Someproblems may have more thanone correc tanswer. In such cases, grid only one answer.

• N o q u ~ t i o nhas a negative answer•• Mixed numbers such as34must gridded as

3 5 or 7/2 If WJ,I JiJis gridded, it wi]1 be

. . ted 31 3 1 ), Dterpre as 2' not 2'

~ y is, 36,

29 . n the sequence above, the first term i$ x and eachterm after the first is twice the preceding e r m ~Whatis the value of x ?

-26-

It may be either.rounded or truncated, but it must 'fill the entire grid. For example, if you obtainan a n s ~ e r. uch as 0.6666 .., you shoUldreCordyour result as .666 or .667. A Iess accurate values u c ~as .66 or .67 wiIi be scored as incorrect.Acceptable ways to grid j are:

30. The value V in dollars, of a car t yearsafterit was purchased is given by the function

t

V t) = O.OOO(t) 4.What was the value,

in dollars, of the car 12 years after it ~

, purchased? (Disreg8:fdthe $ sign when 'gridding YQur ~ s w e r .

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4 [· ·L• f 0 0 ·· 0

k

31. IIi the figure~ o v eL B A C:is .a right angle and line k

.passes through point A What is the value o x ?

.32. The probability o selecting an even integer at randQm .. from a list o 30 integers S 7 out o 10. How manodd integers are in the s t

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o o 0 0 ·· ·4. 33. A e c t a n g l ~is enlarged by making its length four times

the original,length and its width three timeS the original. width.· f he enlarged rectangle bas an area of 72, what

was the area o the original rectangle?

34. John ~ Ann togethertetum39; books to) the library. .· f obn returns 3 more than twice as many books asAnn does, how many books does nn return?



4 0 0 0 01 1 1 I I 1

A C . M B E tJ

35. In the figureabove, B is the midpoint of MD; itt isthe ~ p o i n tof AB C is the midpoint of AM andE is the midpoint of BD The length of AM is whatfraction of the length of E

36. f n·is a positive. integer and x:> x > 0, w ~ a t i sonepossible value of x ?

I

4 o DO o37. The president of a Club retired uiDecember 2000, after

serving 9 consecutive complete terms. A completeterm lasts two years from the beginning of anuarythrough the end of December of the following y e a r ~

In what year did th president begin serving these

38.

9 terms? .

a 2 . d b 1 h . th al . f a- =- an - =- w at IS e v ue 0 -b . 5 . c 3 · c

\ .

; .

r

.Hyou finish r 8 time Is called you may .check your work on this seCtIon only.Do not tum to any other sectlon In th e .teat.

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5 5 5 5 5SEcTIONS

TIme - 30 minutes39 Questions

(1-39) .

DIrections: For each question in this Section, select the best answer .from among the choices given and fill in the correspqndingoval on the answer sheet. . , , .

The following sentences test correctness and effectivenessof expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentenceis u n d ~ r l i n e d ;beneath each s e n t e ~ c eare five ways ofphrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats theorigirial phrasing; the other four choices are different. f

you think the original phrasing produces a better sentencethan any of the alternatives, select choice A; i f not, selectone of the other choices.

In makingyour e l ~ t i o nfollow the requirements ofstandard written English; that is, pay attention to gi ammar,choice of words, sentenCe construction, and punctuation.Your selection should result in the most effectivesentence-clear and precise, without awkwardn,ess orambiguity.

'EXAMPLE:aura Ingalls Wilder published her first book

and she as sixty-fiVe years old then.

(A) and she was siXty-fiveyears old then(B) when she was siXty:-five(C) , at age sixty-five years old0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years

. E) at the time when she was sixty-five. ® _ ® @ [ )

1 A pioneer of modem oceanography, Earth's entireocean floor was fiot-mAppedby scientist Marie'Thmp.

,

,(A) Earth's entire ocean'floor was first mapped byscientist Marie Tharp

(B) the first mapping of Earth's entire ocean floor wasby scientist Marie Tharp

(C) Marie TharP, who was the scientist to mapEarth's entire oce8n floor

, 0) Marie Tharp was the first scientist to map Earth's ,'entire ocean floor

(E) scientist Marie Tharp, who was the first to mapEarth's entire ocean floor

-30-

2. The Human e n o ~ eProject, a thirteen : year ,i n t e r n a ~ o n a leffort, that as ~ i n ~initiated in '1990.

(A) dUlt was being initiated(B) having been initiated(C) with its initiation0) was i n i t i a t ~

(E) initiating

3. The oil tanker split in two and sank, thereby it createdan ecological disaSter of incalculable proportions. '

A ) thereby it created(B) thereby ,creating(C) this made_t thet:ebycreate '

_ 0) . the creation thereby of(E) it created thereby

4. Worried because only one day remained befQre hisson's birthday, Michael's search for the po,pular

, action-fipre toy as desperate.

A) Michael's search for the popular action-figuretoy ~ desperate

(B) ,Michael's desperate search was 'for the popularaction-figure toy

(C) the popular action-figure toy was what Michael 'despeJ, 8tely searched for

0) the popular action-figure toy'for Which ~ c h a e l

desperately searched(E) :tdichael searched desperately for the popular

action-figure toy ,

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5 ·1 5. . Beinl barely a foot tall. even when standinl oD their

. hiiid e l s ~are merniJsAh.,c8nUvoresthat ~ on insectsand s m a l l v e r t e b r a t e s ~. .

(A) Being barely afoot tall,even when standing on. their bind legs, are meerkats, .

(B) Though barely a foot-tall, even when standing ontheir hind legs, meerkats as ,

(C) Barely a foot tall, even whenstanding on their. .hind legs, meerkats are . . .(D) E v ~ non their hind legs, meerkats, they are barely . .

, . a foot tall,(E) Meerkats, while being barely 'a fooftaU, even

whenstanding on their hind e g s ,

6 Nectar ina Sieve by Kamala Markandaya, a widely ..acclaimed best seller about a Wonuu) SstDIil1e to fiildhappiness in a changing Ind ia . , . ,

(A) a wjdely acclaimed best seller about a woman's .stnJgg)e . .

(B) w h i ~ i s a widely-acclaimed best seller abouta woman struggling . .

. (e) who wrote a widely acclaimed best seUerabouta woman whostrugg)es .

(D) is a i ~ l yacclaimed best seller about a woman'sstrugg)e .

(B) widely acclaimed as a best seller about a woman'sstruggle

7. The house sold in less than a month rtermakingDmJim to its and chimney.

(A) after making repairs .(B) of the making of repairs. (C) after repaitJ were made

(D) since the repairs ended(E) following the repairing

f

I , .5

. ,

-31-

5 1 58. Alice Hamilton's pioneering research in industrial

medicine resulted · n them uncovering many healthbAIJl[dsin the workplace. .

(A) Alice Hamilton'SpioneeringresearChin industrialmedicine resulted in them.uncovering manyhealth hWnis in the workplace. . I .

(B). AliceHamilton's pioneeringresearch in indUstrialmedicine led to the unCoveringof many healthhazafds in the w o r k p l a c e ~

(C) They expOsedmany'health hazards in the .workplace and it was because of the result of

. Alice H a m i l t ~ ns'pioneering research.(D) Industrial medicine research, pioneered by Alice

Hamilton, resulted . n their uncovering of manyhealth .hazards in the workplace.

(B) Alice Hamilton i o n ~ r e d'industrial D;ledicine, .research, 'which is why manyhealth h z rds in

the workplace were uncovered._9. Claude McKay as intending to study agriculture.

he cameto the United States from Jamaica to do $hat.

(A) Claude McKaywas intending to ,studyagriculture,he came to the United States from Jamaica to'do that •

. B) Claude McKaycame to the United States from~ a m a i c a ,he intended to study agriculture.

(C) Coming tothe United States fromJamaica wasClaude McKay, wherehe intended to studyagriculture. . . .

(P) I n ~ n d i n gto study agriculture, Claude 'McKaycame .to the.United States from Jamaica.

(B) Having cometo the,United states from J a m a i c a ~.studying agriculture was Claude McKay'sintention.

~ o . The climbers ascending to the i d g e ~they did not wantto go back down without teaching the top of themountain.

(A) The climbers ascendingtto the ridge, they(B) Ascending to the ridge, was why the climbers(C) H,ving aScended·to the ridge, the climbers(D) To ascend to the ridge, the climbers(E) ' The climbers ascended to the ridge, they

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..

5 I 5 :1

11. Seeking both protection 'from predatorS ind

QPportunities to hunt 'cooperatiyelY. many fishcongregate in schools.

(A) Seeking both protection from predators andopportunities to hunt cooperatively, '(B) Seeking p ~ t e c t i o nfrom Pre.ttatorsmid to hunt

with cooperation; , ,(C) Protection from predators and ~ p p o r t u n i t i e sto

hunt cooperatively .are sought by

I

(D) To seek protection,from predators and cooperativehUntingopportunities is why ,

(B) While seeking both protection from predators and, opportunities to hunt, then .

12. The many legends suirounding the AztecdeityQuetzalcoatl includes stories of i ~tranSformationinto the mOrning star. '

XA) includes(B) including(C) inqlude(D) having include.d

; i (B) that include

13. Some species of cliff-dwelling sea birds that breed 'without nests lay eggs that are padially cone-shaped:such eggs rollin small circles, returning to theiro r i g i n ~pOsitions. '

(A) that are partially cone-shaped; such eggs roll(B) . being partially cone-shaped, sucheggs roll(C) that, hemg cone-shaped and rolling(D) and are partially cone-shaped, they-roll

, (B) that are partially cone-shaped and rollin g'

\ '

. ~

5

-32-

I' 5 I' I 514. In 1926liistorian Carter .0 'Woodson proposed that the

achievements.of Africail' AmericansbeiDg celebrated 'eyeD' Febnuuy. the month whenboth FrederickJ?ouglass,and President AbrahamLincoln were born.

(A) being celebrated every February, the month when(B) be 'celebrated every February, the month inwhich(C) oUght to be celebrated everY Februaryfor when ,(D) should he celebrated in every February when

' (E) have a February c e l e b r a t i o n ~which is the month

15. Marfa Celeste ArraRs was named in 2 6 as oneof Newsweelc's rgp20 Women 'in 'Leadership.'&JHtii,anchorandmanaging'editor of-a popularSpanish-language television news program. ,

(A) Maria Celeste Arraras was named in 2006 as ,one 'of 'Iewsweek;s Top 20 Women in Leadership,she is .

(B) Maria Celeste Arrants, in 2006 named s one of ,Newsweek's ''Top ,20 Women in ~ d e r s h i p ,

and she is . ' , '(C) Mana Celeste Arrants, in 2006 she was named

, as o n e Q f ~ e w s w e e k s''Top '20 Women in 'Leadership, is

' (D) In 2006 they' named Maria Celeste Arrants as oneof NewSweek's ''Top 20 Women in Leadetship,haVing been . ,

' (E) Named, n 2006 as one of Newsweek's ''Top 20Women iDLeadership, Maria CelesteArrants is



5 I 5 1...,16. Crickets UP Yce their characteristic cbim by scraping, ' its right forewing A\g,Ossaseries of ridges on its left

forewing. .

A) CricketS produce their h a r a c t e r i s t i cchirp(B) A cricket produces their characteristic chirp

, ' ·(C) , h e c h ~ c t e r i ~ t i cchirp of crickets are producedD) The Cricket's cliaracteristicchirp, produced .

(E) The cricket pfoduces its' characteristic chirp

17. Archaeologists consider the striking black-on-white, cera mics p..oo.uced in the Pueblo region between

700 and 1300 A.D. as beins wortby to be considered~ a m o n gthe American Southwest's most distinctivecreations. ' ' ,

(A) as being worthy to b e c o ~ ~ i d e r e d

(B) to ~ w o r t h y o fconsideration(C) that they areD) as to be

(E) to,be '

1$. ClaraB8rton, who f o u n ~the American Red Cross,and bec me the first wom n to be paid a salafy eq alto that ofa mao 'by the United States government.

(A) and became the first woman to be paid a salaryequal to that of a man

(B) became the fll St woman to be paid a salary. equal to that paid a man .

(C) became the first woman'receiving equal pay ,with a man

, (D) would become the first woman who was paid

equal to a man(E) and would become the fll St woman paid equalto a man ' '

5 I 5 5.. .

19. The kej to job Contentment.'a study shows. is notgettinl the perfect job but to find one you can makeperfect by using your ~ i d e a ~and skills. , ' '

A) The key tojob contentment, a study shows, is ,not ,getting the perfect job but to find ' ,

8) A study shows that the ~ yto job contentment isnoi getting the perfect job but to fmd '

• (C) A study shows 'the key to job contentment, and itis not to get the perfect job but instead that youshould find

D) The'key to job o n t e n t m e ~ t astudy shows, is'notgetting the ;perfectjob but finding

(E) 'The key to job contentment, a study shows, is notto gettbe perfect job; but finding

20. The priCes of eithecOf the cars seem to e wellworth it.

A) ' The prices of either of the cars seem to be wellworth it. , , ,

(B) The price of either of the cars seems, o be wellworth it.

(C) Either of he cars seems tb well worth its price.D ) Either of the cars seems to be well worth their

prices., ' ,: (E) Either ,of the cars seem to be well worth the\price.

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5. . j . t 5 ,The following s e n t e ~ c e stest your ability t r e c ~ g n i z e

grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains e i ~ e r

a single error or no error at No sentenCe.contains more

than one eJT()r. The error,if

there is one, is underlinedand lettered. f he sentence contaiDs'an error, select theone underlined part that niu'st be c:haliged to make the 'sentence correct. i he sentence is correct, select choice.E.n choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard

written EngIfsh. .

. EXAMPLE:

Theother delegates and bim immediatelyA ' B C

accepted the resolutiQn .drafted by theD

neutral states. No error, E .

21. Kim could not decide ,between a ~ r s

'A B , C

,an engineer or becoming a doctor. No eIrorD E

22. Members of the vice-presidentiai family are pennitted. , . A

to choose paintings from' the National Gall ry ofrt

to display in the Victorian mansion that serves as '.' B C

their official residence. No errorD E

23.- Developing exemplary skills in the martial artS

Ar e q ~ snot only physical prowess s well as

C D

a measure of e n t a ldiscipline. No error'. . E

5 1 5 '1 'I 54 ~The story told by e t i ~ a nauthor g i J ~w ~Thi()ng'0

.of a seeming random crime that entangles the lives of. A ' . B '

several strangers is 'iD possible ~ oforget. No error,C . D E

25. ,In her essay A Room o One s Own V i r ~ aWoolf :' A . , . '

famously insistedon a woman ~ both money andC

privacy in order to write fiotion. No error .D E

26. Wh n astronauts view arth from space,A

he or she sees whatlo()ks like a blue marble .B C

suspend¢ in an inky void.NQ ,errorD E . .

27. Findings in the report issued by scientists ·at; the

university suggest that the problems caused by

,water pollution 'throughout the state is gJ'adually'

B C

being alleviated . No errorD E

/

I O O.NTOTHE NEXT ~ E



5 ,. ,. 528• In t h ~1960s, cesar'Ch4vez organized migrant

A

farmworkers, manyof them Mexican Americans,

B :into a abor union that supported nationwideC

boycotts of t lettuce _nd -grapes. Noeiror- --D-- E

29. I f one spends much time -with children, you shouldA S - ,

realize that a romise . d e · t oa child·is·a serious. C

matterbecaUSe

the childwili

never forgetit.

No error. - D - - -EI

30. Perhaps as ,a consequence of warfare that eruptedA _ B

when natUralresources 1)ecame scarce, many of

~ t rIsland s large stone statues, called Moai,

have been toppled by the islanders theniselves -C D

threecenturies ago. No errorE

•

5

-/

- -35-

1 I· 5 I ·1 531. The illuminated manuscripts in the rare-books .

collection, all more than five hundred years old, ·- A .

-the products of a spribal art long since lost.B C - D

No errorE

32. Either Caroline or her twin sister -Catherine were\ - r

outdoors shoveling . now for a neighbor yesterday

afternoon:and woUld have seen anyone who .C D

by. No error,. E : -

, ,

. 33. The western homed owl, which has brown spots,- -

. .a large face, and feathered toes, is named -(or the

B

upright feathersprojeetiDg b o v ~their r s ~-No enOr. C . D - E

34. Unlike Roman art, -which depicted human beings as-A

I _

naturalistically . s possible, . he Egyptians depictedB C ·

them in a deb berately stylized manner .No errorD - - - - · . E

- .

I G O O N T O ~ E N EP GE ·. - .



1

DireCtioDS: The following passage is an early draft of an 'essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.

Read the passage and select the best answers · or the

questions that follow. Some questions .are about particularsentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improvesentence structure O -word choice. Other questions ask youto consider organization and development. In choosing

. answers, follow the requirements of standard written ·.English. .

QuestioDS 35-39 refer to h ~,following passage.

1) People do not know the e a s u r eof theircapabilities until they are h ~ e n g e d(2) Then whathappens is forcing people to use wit and agility tosurvive and, ideally, to discover what they are capable _ofdaing. _ ,

(3) One writer made this point particularly well.(4) Samuel Johnson was an author who lived in theeighteenth century in England. (5) He ·underscored thenecessity of struggle in the book called Rasselas Princeo Abyssinia. (6) In this story, Rasselas is a prince livingin the' Happy Valley, a perfect o c i ~ t ywith no challenges, .w h ~disease is unknown and comfort abounds. (7) Theprince becomes disenchanted with this existence and soonrealizes thattrue a p p i n e s sis found in facing challenges.

8 ~Once he takes on certain challenges, he grows stro ngerand more satisfied with his life. ', (9) Any time that people go outside 'of what theyknow and are comfortable with, they are making the

same choice as Rasselas. (10) Some people enjo y readingSamuel Johnson's bOoks. (11) tis possible 0 just say, .do, and believe that with which we are familiar. (12) Butnot everyone does that. (13) Some people leave their ownHappy Valleys. .(14) They-take on difficult h a l l e n g e s ~

(15) Like Rasselas, they experience the satisfaction that'comes f r o m f ~ i n g c p a l l e n g e sand become stronger, betterpeople o r ~ a v i n gdone so. . . . -

5 .1 535.- In context, which 'of the following is the best version

of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced,below) ?

Then what lumpens is forcin, peQJlle to use wit and -agility to survive and ideally to discover what theyare capable o doing. ' .' ... ,

(A) (As itjs DPW) . . : .(B) Then what happens is the individual will be

forced - . ,e) 'One is forcedD) When challenged, they are f o ~ e d

(E) Such a challenge then a p ~ n sthat forces people

36. In context, what is the best way t ~combine'sentences 4 and 5 (reproduced below) .?

,Samuel Johnson was an author who lived in the

eighteenth century in England. He underscored thenecessity o struggle in the book called RasSelas, 'Prin ce of Abyssinia. . ' ,

A) · Samuel -Johnson was an author who lived in the. eighteenth century in England, and he wrote

a book a l l ~ c 1RoSselas Prince o A,byssiniaand he underscored the neceSsitY'of struggle.

(B) Samuel Johnson was an author who lived in theeighteenth ;century in Englanq, underscoringthe necessity of struggle by Writing a bookcalled Rasselas Prince o b y s s i n i a ~

(C) Samuel Johnson, an eighteenth-century Englishauthor, underscored the necessity of strugglein his book Rasselas Prince o Abyssinia..

(D) Rasselas Prince o Abyssinia waS written bySamuel Johnson, living in eighteenth-century ,

, England, it underscored the necessity ofstruggle .

(E) A book called Rasselas Prince ,_ Abyssiniawhich underscored the necessity of struggle;this was written in eighteenth-century .Englandby Samuel Johnson. · .

I GO ON T THE NEXT PAGEl



s I 5 - 537. ' The essay would ,benefit most from adding wJrich

o the following'afteLthe Second paragraph39. The passage would be improved,by the deletion of

, . ' -

(sentenCes3-8)? . '

(A)A paragraph about

h y t h ~society mentione(Hn', sentence 6 is called Happy Valleytt

(B) A paragraph of information about where. the challenges.occur in the book .

(C)' A paragrapb of information about why SamuelJohnson is not unusual iiifacing certain :

, challenges ' ,, 0 ) .'A paragrapl1.oo'the nature of one or tWo of the. ' ,specifi¢challenges faced by Rasselas

(E) A paragraph clarifying whether Rasselashas ~ e l pin meeting the challenges

which Sentence? '

(A) Sentence 3(B) Sentence 8 '(C) Sentence 90) Sentence 10

(E) Sentence 11

38. In context,' what is the e ~ tway to combinesentences 13 and· 14 (reproduced below)?

. . .

Some people letzve their own Happy Valleys. heytake on difficult-challenges.

(A) Some people l e a v e t h e i r ( ~ w nHappy Valleystt.and'took on difflcultch81lenges. '

(B) ~ m epeople leave their oWn Happy Valleys, a n ~take, on difficult h ~ e n g e s . ,

(C) Leaving their own Happy ValIeys,tt one takes,on, 4ift'icult challenges. ' , , '

0) Before you can take on a difficult challenge youmust leave your oWn Hf:q)PY Valley. ,.

(E) Once.ybu leave your HappyValleys,tt you will. take' 1;1 difficult challenges.

S T 'If you finish before time Is called, you m ~ ycheck your work on this sectl .on only.

. o ,not tum to .any ·other section In the teat.

-37-

,



FORMS

CRITIC LM TH

WRITING

RE DING SKILLS

Section 1 S e c t ion 2 S ec tion 5

1 A 1 D 1 D

2 D 2 B 2 D

3 D 3 A 3 B

4 B 4 D 4 E

5 C 5 E 5 C

6 E 6 C 6 D

7 E 7 C 7 C

8 B 8 A 8 B

9 D 9 B 9 D

10 C 10 C 1 0 C

11 B 11 B 11 A

12 B 12 A 12 C

13 E 1 3 C 1 3 A

14 B 14 D 14 B

15 D 15 E 15 E

16 0 16 B 16 E

1 7 C 17 B 17 E

18 E 1 8 E 18 B

1 9 E 1 9 C 19 D

20 B 20 D 20 C

21 A 21 D

22 D 22 E

23 A 23 D

24 D 24 A

25 B

Section 3 Section 4 26 B

25 A 21 C 27 B

26 B 22 D 28 E

27 B 23 A 29 A28 D 24 E 30 C

29 B 25 E 3 1 E

30 A 26 A 32 B

31 C 27 E 33 D

32 E 28 B 34 C

33 B 29 9 2 r 4 5 35 D

34 C 30 125 36 C

35 C 31 115 37 D

36 E 32 9 38 B

37 E 33 6 39 D

38 A 34 12

39 B 35 2 5 r 4

40 C 36 O < x <

41 E 37 1983

42 C 38 2 15 or 133

43 B

44 B

45 B

46 E

47 A

48 D

4





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