psikologi umum hearing and balance
TRANSCRIPT
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Auditory System
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Click to edit Master subtitle style
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Movie 3
:
Annisa Rahmah Wibowo Lintang Rahayu / 1206213391 M. Nor Dhani
Nisrina A. Larasati /1206271542 Ria Cyntia Dewi / 1206213095
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Hearing andBalance
Deskripsi Teori
Ringkasan Isi Film
Deskripsi FilmMenurut Teori
Aplikasi dalamKehidupan Sehari-
hari
Kesimpulan
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THE EAR:HEARING AND BALANCE
Structure of the Ear
The outer (external) ear consists of the auricle (pinna) and theexternal auditory canal, which is lined with skin bearing hairs,sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands
The middle ear, or tympanic cavity, is a small, air-filled,
mucosa-lined cavity in the petrous portion of the temporalbone
It is spanned by the auditory ossicles
The inner (internal) ear has two major divisions: the bonylabyrinth and the membranous labyrinth
The vestibule is the central cavity of the bony labyrinth with twomembranous sacs suspended in the perilymph, the saccule and theutricle
The semicircular canals project from the posterior aspect of thevestibule, each containing an equilibrium receptor region called acrista ampullaris
The spiral, snail-shaped cochlea extends from the anterior part ofthe vestibule and contains the cochlear duct, which houses thespiral organ of Corti, the receptors for hearing
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THE EAR:HEARING AND BALANCE
Physiology of Hearing
Properties of Sound
Sound is a pressure disturbance produced by a
vibrating object and propagated by the molecules ofthe medium
Frequency is the number of waves that pass a givenpoint in a given time
Amplitude, or height, of the wave reveals a sounds
intensity (loudness)
Airborne sound entering the external auditorycanal strikes the tympanic membrane and setsit vibrating
The resonance of the basilar membranerocesses sound si nals mechanicall before
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THE EAR:HEARING AND BALANCE
Physiology of Hearing
Transduction of sound stimuli occurs after thetrapped stereocilia of the hair cells are
deflected by localized movements of thebasilar membrane
Impulses generated in the cochlea passthrough the spiral ganglia, along the afferent
fibers of the cochlear nerve to the cochlearnuclei of the medulla, to the superior olivarynucleus, to the inferior colliculus, and finally tothe auditory cortex
Auditory processing involves perception ofpitch, detection of loudness, and localization of
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THE EAR:HEARING AND BALANCE
Homeostatic Imbalances of hearing
Deafness is any hearing loss, no matterhow slight
Tinnitus is a ringing or clicking sound inthe ears in the absence of auditorystimuli
Menieres syndrome is a labyrinthdisorder that causes a person to sufferrepeated attacks of vertigo, nausea, andvomiting
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THE EAR:HEARING AND BALANCE
Mechanisms of Equilibrium and Orientation The equilibrium sense responds to various
head movements and depends on input fromthe inner ear, vision, and information from
stretch receptors of muscles and tendons The sensory receptors for static equilibrium are
the maculae
The receptor for dynamic equilibrium is the
crista ampullaris, found in the ampulla of thesemicircular canals and activated by headmovement
Information from the balance receptors goesdirectly to reflex centers in the brain stem,
rather that to the cerebral cortex
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Transmission of
SoundTransmissionof sound:Airborne soundexternal auditorycanaltympanicmembranehammer, anvil,stirrupovalwindowvestubularcochlearnervecochlear nuclei in medulla
superior oliveup the lateralleminiscusinferiorcolliculusprimary auditory cortex in
the temporal lobe
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SOUND
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FREQUENCY/AMPLITUDE
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SOUND WAVES
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AUDITORY PATHWAY
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PATHWAYS OF BALANCE ANDORIENTATION SYSTEM
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Ringkasan Isi Film
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Teori
TeoriTempatPendengaran(placementTeory)
Teori
Frekuen
si
(Frequen
cyTeory)
Deskripsi Film Berdasarkan Teori
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Teori frekuensi adalah teori yangmenjelaskan bahwa keseluruhan
membran basilar bertindak sebagaimicrophone, bergetar sebagai suatu
keseluruhan sebagai respons terhadapsuatu suara.
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Teori Tempat Pendengaran (placementteory) adalah teori yang menyebutkan
bahwa area yang berbeda dari
membran basilar merespons frekuensiyang berbeda pula. Teori ini
memberikan penjelasan yang baik
tentang penginderaan suara-suaraberfrekuensi tinggi.
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Aplikasi dalam KehidupanSehari-hari
Aplikasi kode M dan L di headset
Fokus suara siulan, suara klaksondan suara klik
Keseimbangan penggunaan tangankiri dan kanan
Korelasi antara pendengaran dankeseimbangan
Kepekaan terhadap frekuensi yang
berbeda berubah sesuai dengan
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EFFECT OF GRAVITATIONALPULL ON A MACULA RECEPTOR
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Kesimpulan
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Terimakasih