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Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9 55

Bkdkre` Wsyhcl`lbyBkdkre` Wsyhcl`lby

Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

Hldshjlusdkss edi Jts VerjetjldsHldshjlusdkss edi Jts Verjetjlds

@jdie X. Arenkwsaj !"@jdie X. Arenkwsaj !"

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##Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

HldshjlusdkssHldshjlusdkss

Wkrslde` ewerkdkss l$ %kdte` ehtj&jtjksWkrslde` ewerkdkss l$ %kdte` ehtj&jtjks

jdtkrde` skdsetjlds edi tck k'tkrde`jdtkrde` skdsetjlds edi tck k'tkrde`

kd&jrld%kdt (kjdb k'pkrjkdhki et e bj&kdkd&jrld%kdt (kjdb k'pkrjkdhki et e bj&kd

%l%kdt%l%kdt

)j``je% *e%ks +5,-# ikshrj(ki jt es e)j``je% *e%ks +5,-# ikshrj(ki jt es e

/strke%7 lr /rj&kr7 udj$jki edi ud(rlakd/strke%7 lr /rj&kr7 udj$jki edi ud(rlakd

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=ck Wkrj`s l$ !u`tj8=esajdb=ck Wkrj`s l$ !u`tj8=esajdb

!u`tj8tesajdb peyjdb ettkdtjld tl twl lr!u`tj8tesajdb peyjdb ettkdtjld tl twl lr

%lrk stj%u`j et ldhk%lrk stj%u`j et ldhk ;j&jijdb ettkdtjld e%ldb tesas sehrj$jhks tck;j&jijdb ettkdtjld e%ldb tesas sehrj$jhks tck

6ue`jty edi 6uedtjty l$ ettkdtjld kehc tesa bkts6ue`jty edi 6uedtjty l$ ettkdtjld kehc tesa bkts

2kskerhc ld hk`` pcldk usk wcj`k irj&jdb %lrk2kskerhc ld hk`` pcldk usk wcj`k irj&jdb %lrk

j%pejrki tced (kjdb `kbe``y iruda +Xtreykr kt e`j%pejrki tced (kjdb `kbe``y iruda +Xtreykr kt e`

#33:#33:

J$ tesas erk &kry ij$$krkdt tced ldk edltckrJ$ tesas erk &kry ij$$krkdt tced ldk edltckr

tckrk js `kss jdtkr$krkdhktckrk js `kss jdtkr$krkdhk

>>Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

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99Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

2kbu`etjld l$ Hldshjlusdkss2kbu`etjld l$ Hldshjlusdkss

1jl`lbjhe` rcytc%s.1jl`lbjhe` rcytc%s. " pkrjlijh %lrk lr `kss rkbu`er $`uhtuetjld jd" pkrjlijh %lrk lr `kss rkbu`er $`uhtuetjld jd

e (jl`lbjhe` systk% %ey lr %ey dlt ce&ke (jl`lbjhe` systk% %ey lr %ey dlt ce&k

psyhcl`lbjhe` j%p`jhetjlds.psyhcl`lbjhe` j%p`jhetjlds.

0dtrejd%kdt.0dtrejd%kdt. 1jl`lbjhe` rcytc%s erk sydhcrldj?ki wjtc1jl`lbjhe` rcytc%s erk sydhcrldj?ki wjtc

k'tkrde` k&kdts suhc es hcedbks jd h`lhak'tkrde` k&kdts suhc es hcedbks jd h`lhatj%k tk%pkreturk edi iey`jbct.tj%k tk%pkreturk edi iey`jbct.

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44Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

Hjrheijed 2cytc%sHjrheijed 2cytc%s

"dy rcytc%jh hcedbk tcet hldtjduks et h`lsk"dy rcytc%jh hcedbk tcet hldtjduks et h`lsk

tl e #98clur hyh`k jd tck e(skdhk l$ #98clurtl e #98clur hyh`k jd tck e(skdhk l$ #98clur

hukshuks

(liy tk%pkreturk(liy tk%pkreturk

hlrtjsl` skhrktjldhlrtjsl` skhrktjld

s`kkp edi weak$u`dksss`kkp edi weak$u`dkss

Jd tck e(skdhk l$ tj%k huks tck hyh`k pkrjliJd tck e(skdhk l$ tj%k huks tck hyh`k pkrjli

wj`` (khl%k sl%kwcet `ldbkr tced #9 clurs.wj`` (khl%k sl%kwcet `ldbkr tced #9 clurs.

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::Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

Hjrheijed 2cytc%sHjrheijed 2cytc%s

Xuprehcjes%etjh duh`kus +XH

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GGHceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

Hjrheijed 2cytc%sHjrheijed 2cytc%s

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,,Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkpX`kkp

=ck k'eht $udhtjld l$ s`kkp js udhkrtejd=ck k'eht $udhtjld l$ s`kkp js udhkrtejd

(ut s`kkp eppkers tl prl&jik tj%k $lr(ut s`kkp eppkers tl prl&jik tj%k $lr tck (liy tl k`j%jdetk westk prliuhts $rl%tck (liy tl k`j%jdetk westk prliuhts $rl%

%ush`ks%ush`ks

rkpejr hk``srkpejr hk``s

strkdbtckd tck j%%udk systk% lrstrkdbtckd tck j%%udk systk% lr

rkhl&kr e(j`jtjks `lst iurjdb tck iey.rkhl&kr e(j`jtjks `lst iurjdb tck iey.

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--Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkpX`kkp

1kte (rejd we&ks E s%e`` $est we&ks1kte (rejd we&ks E s%e`` $est we&ks

esslhjetki wjtc e`krt weak$u`dkssesslhjetki wjtc e`krt weak$u`dkss

"`pce (rejd we&ks E `erbkr s`lwkr we&ks"`pce (rejd we&ks E `erbkr s`lwkr we&ks

esslhjetki wjtc rk`e'ki weak$u`dkss ediesslhjetki wjtc rk`e'ki weak$u`dkss edi

irlwsjdkssirlwsjdkss

Mypdeblbjh ce``uhjdetjlds E lii (utMypdeblbjh ce``uhjdetjlds E lii (ut

&j&ji`y rke`jstjh skdsetjlds k'pkrjkdhki&j&ji`y rke`jstjh skdsetjlds k'pkrjkdhki

iurjdb tck tredsjtjld tl `jbct s`kkpiurjdb tck tredsjtjld tl `jbct s`kkp

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5353Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

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5555Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

1rejd we&ks (khl%k s`lwkr1rejd we&ks (khl%k s`lwkr

wjtc ed eppkeredhk l$ cjbckrwjtc ed eppkeredhk l$ cjbckr

pkeas edi `lwkr &e``kys jdpkeas edi `lwkr &e``kys jd

tck we&k pettkrdtck we&k pettkrd

Xtebk 9Xtebk 9 ;kkpkst stebk l$ s`kkp wckrk pklp`k;kkpkst stebk l$ s`kkp wckrk pklp`k

erk `kest rkspldsj&k tl lutsjikerk `kest rkspldsj&k tl lutsjikstj%u`j edi tck we&k pettkrds erkstj%u`j edi tck we&k pettkrds erk

%lrk s`lwkr edi rkbu`er%lrk s`lwkr edi rkbu`er

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5#5#Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

20! X`kkp20! X`kkp

pld rkehcjdb stebk 9 edi e$tkr e(lut ,3 tl 533pld rkehcjdb stebk 9 edi e$tkr e(lut ,3 tl 533%jdutks l$ tlte` s`kkp tj%k s`kkp `jbctkds rkturds%jdutks l$ tlte` s`kkp tj%k s`kkp `jbctkds rkturdstcrlubc stebks > edi #tcrlubc stebks > edi #

20! s`kkp k%krbks hcerehtkrj?ki (y 00B pettkrds20! s`kkp k%krbks hcerehtkrj?ki (y 00B pettkrds

tcet rksk%(`k (kte we&ks l$ e`krt weak$u`dksstcet rksk%(`k (kte we&ks l$ e`krt weak$u`dkss %ush`ks %lst rk`e'ki%ush`ks %lst rk`e'ki repji kyk %l&k%kdts lhhurrepji kyk %l&k%kdts lhhur irke%s lhhurirke%s lhhur

Ilur lr $j&k s`kkp hyh`ks lhhur jd e typjhe` djbctKsIlur lr $j&k s`kkp hyh`ks lhhur jd e typjhe` djbctKss`kkp `kss tj%k js spkdt jd s`lw8we&k %lrk js spkdts`kkp `kss tj%k js spkdt jd s`lw8we&k %lrk js spkdtjd 20!jd 20!

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5>5>Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

=ck Ijrst -3 !jdutks l$ X`kkp=ck Ijrst -3 !jdutks l$ X`kkp

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5959Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkp IehtsX`kkp Iehts

Jdhrkeski eikdlsjdk jd (liy jdhrkesks dkkiJdhrkeski eikdlsjdk jd (liy jdhrkesks dkki$lr s`kkp.$lr s`kkp.

X`kkp pere`ysjs sl%ktj%ks lhhurs upldX`kkp pere`ysjs sl%ktj%ks lhhurs upld

weajdb rk`etki tl %l&jdb lut l$ 20! s`kkpweajdb rk`etki tl %l&jdb lut l$ 20! s`kkp;ke$ pklp`k hed /s`kkp sjbd7 iurjdb s`kkp.;ke$ pklp`k hed /s`kkp sjbd7 iurjdb s`kkp.

X`kkpX`kkpte`ajdbte`ajdb usue``y lhhurs iurjdb F 9.

X`kkpX`kkpwe`ajdbwe`ajdb lhhurs iurjdb Flhhurs iurjdb F9 dlt bkdkre``y iedbkrlus tl weak e9 dlt bkdkre``y iedbkrlus tl weak es`kkpwe`akrs`kkpwe`akr

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5454Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkp "hrlss tck @j$kspedX`kkp "hrlss tck @j$ksped

X`kkp hyh`ks k%krbk iurjdb prkdete` ik&k`lp%kdt.X`kkp hyh`ks k%krbk iurjdb prkdete` ik&k`lp%kdt.

7/21/2019 Psych 100 Chapter 4 Ppt

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5G5GHceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkp ;kprj&etjldX`kkp ;kprj&etjld

Xl%k jdij&jiue`s dkki %lrk edi sl%kXl%k jdij&jiue`s dkki %lrk edi sl%k

`kss tced tck typjhe` , clurs pkr djbct.`kss tced tck typjhe` , clurs pkr djbct.

"$tkr (kjdb ikprj&ki l$ s`kkp $lr nust ldk djbct"$tkr (kjdb ikprj&ki l$ s`kkp $lr nust ldk djbct

ojhrls`kkpsojhrls`kkpsik&k`lp8kpjsliks l$ s`kkp `estjdb e $kwik&k`lp8kpjsliks l$ s`kkp `estjdb e $kwskhldis iurjdb weak$u`dkss.skhldis iurjdb weak$u`dkss.

;jsruptjlds jd %lli %kdte` e(j`jtjks rkehtjld tj%k;jsruptjlds jd %lli %kdte` e(j`jtjks rkehtjld tj%k

pkrhkptue` saj``s edi hl%p`k' %ltlr saj``s lhhurpkrhkptue` saj``s edi hl%p`k' %ltlr saj``s lhhur

wjtc s`kkp ikprj&etjld.wjtc s`kkp ikprj&etjld.

!lst pklp`k erk!lst pklp`k erk dltdltblli et nuibjdb tck k'tkdt tlblli et nuibjdb tck k'tkdt tl

wcjhc tckjr pkr$lr%edhk js j%pejrki (y jdeik6uetkwcjhc tckjr pkr$lr%edhk js j%pejrki (y jdeik6uetk

s`kkp.s`kkp.

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5,5,Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

0$$khts l$ X`kkp ;kprj&etjld0$$khts l$ X`kkp ;kprj&etjld

!llis (khl%k %lrk &l`etj`k!llis (khl%k %lrk &l`etj`k

Mer%$u` hcedbks jd `k&k`s l$ strkss clr%ldksMer%$u` hcedbks jd `k&k`s l$ strkss clr%ldks

J%%udk systk% hl%prl%jskiJ%%udk systk% hl%prl%jski

20! ikprj&etjld l$tkd rksu`ts jd 20! rk(ludi20! ikprj&etjld l$tkd rksu`ts jd 20! rk(ludi

jdhrkesjdb 20! (y 43jdhrkesjdb 20! (y 43

Hcedbks (khl%k %lrk prldludhki tck `ldbkr tckHcedbks (khl%k %lrk prldludhki tck `ldbkr tck

s`kkp ikprj&etjlds`kkp ikprj&etjld

=ck (rejd dkkis tl k'pkrjkdhk tck $u`` redbk l$=ck (rejd dkkis tl k'pkrjkdhk tck $u`` redbk l$s`kkp stetks hl%pkdsetjdb wckd plssj(`k.s`kkp stetks hl%pkdsetjdb wckd plssj(`k.

C "%ybie`e +rkspldsj(`k $lr k%ltjld js %lrk strldb`y"%ybie`e +rkspldsj(`k $lr k%ltjld js %lrk strldb`yehtj&etki wjtc tclsk wcl erk s`kkp ikprj&ki.ehtj&etki wjtc tclsk wcl erk s`kkp ikprj&ki.

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5-5-Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkp edi !k%lryX`kkp edi !k%lry

X`kkp hrjtjhe` $lrX`kkp hrjtjhe` $lr strkdbtckdjdb dkw %k%lrjksstrkdbtckdjdb dkw %k%lrjks jdtkbretjdb dkw %k%lrjks wjtc k'jstjdb %k%lrjksjdtkbretjdb dkw %k%lrjks wjtc k'jstjdb %k%lrjks

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#3#3Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

=ck Iudhtjld edi !kedjdb l$ ;rke%jdb=ck Iudhtjld edi !kedjdb l$ ;rke%jdb

dhldshjlus wjsc $u`$j``%kdtdhldshjlus wjsc $u`$j``%kdt

tcklry +Irkui 5-33 prlplskitcklry +Irkui 5-33 prlplski

tcet irke%s rkprkskdtkitcet irke%s rkprkskdtki

udhldshjlus wjscks tcet irke%krsudhldshjlus wjscks tcet irke%krsiksjrk tl skk $u`$j``kiiksjrk tl skk $u`$j``ki @etkdt hldtkdt@etkdt hldtkdt rk$krs tl tckrk$krs tl tck

/ijsbujski7 %kedjdb l$ tck irke%/ijsbujski7 %kedjdb l$ tck irke%

Oedjfkst hldtkdtOedjfkst hldtkdtrk$krs tl tckrk$krs tl tckehtue` stlry `jdk l$ tck irke%ehtue` stlry `jdk l$ tck irke%

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####Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

;rke%s %ey rk$`kht ldbljdb hldshjlus jssuks;rke%s %ey rk$`kht ldbljdb hldshjlus jssukssuhc es hldhkrds l&kr rk`etjldscjps wlra sk'suhc es hldhkrds l&kr rk`etjldscjps wlra sk'lr cke`tc.lr cke`tc.

;rke%s erk %lrk `jak`y tl hldtejd %etkrje`;rke%s erk %lrk `jak`y tl hldtejd %etkrje`rk`etki tl e pkrsldKs hurrkdt hldhkrds tcedrk`etki tl e pkrsldKs hurrkdt hldhkrds tcedhcedhk wlu`i prkijht.hcedhk wlu`i prkijht. 0'e%p`k hl``kbk stuikdts edi tkstjdb0'e%p`k hl``kbk stuikdts edi tkstjdb

;rke%s es 2k$`khtjlds;rke%s es 2k$`khtjlds

l$ Hurrkdt Hldhkrdsl$ Hurrkdt Hldhkrds

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#>#>Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

;rke%s es 1y8Wrliuht;rke%s es 1y8Wrliuht

l$ !kdte` Mluskakkpjdbl$ !kdte` Mluskakkpjdb

ddkhkssery dkure` hlddkhtjldsddkhkssery dkure` hlddkhtjldsjd tck (rejd erk k`j%jdetki edijd tck (rejd erk k`j%jdetki edij%plrtedt ldks erk strkdbtckdki.j%plrtedt ldks erk strkdbtckdki.

=ck (rejd ij&jiks dkw jd$lr%etjld=ck (rejd ij&jiks dkw jd$lr%etjldjdtl /wedtki7 edi /udwedtki.7jdtl /wedtki7 edi /udwedtki.7

)cet wk rkhe`` es irke%s erk)cet wk rkhe`` es irke%s erkld`y (rjk$ sdjppkts $rl% sheddjdbld`y (rjk$ sdjppkts $rl% sheddjdb

edi slrtjdb tcet lhhurs iurjdbedi slrtjdb tcet lhhurs iurjdb20! s`kkp.20! s`kkp.

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#9#9Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

;rke%s es Jdtkrprktki 1rejd "htj&jty;rke%s es Jdtkrprktki 1rejd "htj&jty

"htj&etjld8sydtcksjs tcklry."htj&etjld8sydtcksjs tcklry. ;rke%jdb rksu`ts $rl% tck hlrtjhe` sydtcksjs edi;rke%jdb rksu`ts $rl% tck hlrtjhe` sydtcksjs edi

jdtkrprktetjld l$ dkure` sjbde`s trjbbkrki (y ehtj&jty jdjdtkrprktetjld l$ dkure` sjbde`s trjbbkrki (y ehtj&jty jd

tck `lwkr pert l$ tck (rejd.tck `lwkr pert l$ tck (rejd.

"t se%k tj%k (rejd rkbjlds tcet cedi`k `lbjhe` tclubct"t se%k tj%k (rejd rkbjlds tcet cedi`k `lbjhe` tclubct

edi skdsetjld $rl% tck k'tkrde` wlr`i scut ilwd.edi skdsetjld $rl% tck k'tkrde` wlr`i scut ilwd.

=ck (rejd prliuhks redil% k`khtrjhe` kdkrby iurjdb=ck (rejd prliuhks redil% k`khtrjhe` kdkrby iurjdb

20! s`kkp tcet stj%u`etks %k%lrjks `libki jd &erjlus20! s`kkp tcet stj%u`etks %k%lrjks `libki jd &erjlus

plrtjlds l$ tck (rejd wcjhc erk put tlbktckr tl %eak eplrtjlds l$ tck (rejd wcjhc erk put tlbktckr tl %eak e

`lbjhe` stlry `jdk`lbjhe` stlry `jdk

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7/21/2019 Psych 100 Chapter 4 Ppt

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#G#GHceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkp ;jslrikrs ;ysl%djesX`kkp ;jslrikrs ;ysl%djes

Jdsl%dje E rkbu`er jde(j`jty tl $e`` es`kkp stey es`kkp lrJdsl%dje E rkbu`er jde(j`jty tl $e`` es`kkp stey es`kkp lr$kk` eik6uetk`y rkstki (y s`kkp$kk` eik6uetk`y rkstki (y s`kkp

X`kkp epdke 8 (rketcjdb (rjk$`y stlps iurjdb s`kkpX`kkp epdke 8 (rketcjdb (rjk$`y stlps iurjdb s`kkpheusjdb tck pkrsld tl hclak edi besp edi %l%kdterj`yheusjdb tck pkrsld tl hclak edi besp edi %l%kdterj`y

weakd.weakd.

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#,#,Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

X`kkp ;jslrikrs Weresl%djesX`kkp ;jslrikrs Weresl%djes

Hl%%ld`y erjsk iurjdb Hl%%ld`y erjsk iurjdb edi 9 %lrk hl%%ld jd hcj`irkdedi 9 %lrk hl%%ld jd hcj`irkdikhrkesk wjtc ebk bkdktjh `jda &erjlusikhrkesk wjtc ebk bkdktjh `jda &erjlus

stj%u`j trjbbkr dlt $u``y udikrstllistj%u`j trjbbkr dlt $u``y udikrstlli X`kkp tkrrlrsX`kkp tkrrlrs X`kkpsk'X`kkpsk'

X`kkpwe`ajdbX`kkpwe`ajdb X`kkp8rk`etki ketjdb ijslrikrX`kkp8rk`etki ketjdb ijslrikr 20! s`kkp (kce&jlr ijslrikr20! s`kkp (kce&jlr ijslrikr

7/21/2019 Psych 100 Chapter 4 Ppt

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#-#-Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

MypdlsjsMypdlsjs

" hllpkretj&k slhje` jdtkrehtjld jd wcjhc" hllpkretj&k slhje` jdtkrehtjld jd wcjhc

tck cypdltj?ki pkrsld rkspldis tl tcktck cypdltj?ki pkrsld rkspldis tl tck

cypdltjstKs subbkstjlds wjtc hcedbks jdcypdltjstKs subbkstjlds wjtc hcedbks jd

pkrhkptjld %k%lry edi (kce&jlrpkrhkptjld %k%lry edi (kce&jlr

Mk`p$u` $lr pejd hldtrl` jdhrkesjdb etc`ktjhMk`p$u` $lr pejd hldtrl` jdhrkesjdb etc`ktjh

pkr$lr%edhk edi kdcedhjdbpkr$lr%edhk edi kdcedhjdb

psyhcl`lbjhe` trket%kdtspsyhcl`lbjhe` trket%kdts

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>3>3Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

!kijtetjld!kijtetjld

"dy ldk l$ e du%(kr l$ sustejdki"dy ldk l$ e du%(kr l$ sustejdki

hldhkdtretjld tkhcdj6uks tcet $lhushldhkdtretjld tkhcdj6uks tcet $lhus

ettkdtjld edi ckjbctkd ewerkdkssettkdtjld edi ckjbctkd ewerkdkss

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>5>5Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

Wsyhclehtj&k ;rubsWsyhclehtj&k ;rubs

Wsyhclehtj&k irubsWsyhclehtj&k irubs Xu(stedhks hepe(`k l$ jd$`ukdhjdb pkrhkptjldXu(stedhks hepe(`k l$ jd$`ukdhjdb pkrhkptjld

%lli hlbdjtjld lr (kce&jlr%lli hlbdjtjld lr (kce&jlr

=ypks=ypks

;kprkssedts s`lw ilwd ehtj&jty jd tck H

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>#>#Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9 >#

=ck Wcysjl`lby l$ ;rub 0$$khts=ck Wcysjl`lby l$ ;rub 0$$khts

Wsyhclehtj&k irubs wlra (y ehtjdb ld (rejdWsyhclehtj&k irubs wlra (y ehtjdb ld (rejd

dkurltreds%jttkrs. =cksk irubs heddkurltreds%jttkrs. =cksk irubs hed jdhrkesk lr ikhrkesk tck rk`kesk l$ dkurltreds%jttkrsjdhrkesk lr ikhrkesk tck rk`kesk l$ dkurltreds%jttkrs

prk&kdt rke(slrptjld l$ k'hkss dkurltreds%jttkrs (yprk&kdt rke(slrptjld l$ k'hkss dkurltreds%jttkrs (y

tck hk``s tcet ce&k rk`keski tck%tck hk``s tcet ce&k rk`keski tck%

(`lha tck k$$khts l$ dkurltreds%jttkrs ld rkhkj&jdb(`lha tck k$$khts l$ dkurltreds%jttkrs ld rkhkj&jdb

hk``s lrhk``s lr

(jdi tl rkhkptlrs tcet wlu`i lrijderj`y (k trjbbkrki (y e(jdi tl rkhkptlrs tcet wlu`i lrijderj`y (k trjbbkrki (y e

dkurltreds%jttkr lr e dkurl%liu`etlr.dkurltreds%jttkr lr e dkurl%liu`etlr.

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>>>>Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

=ck Wsyhcl`lby l$ ;rub 0$$khts=ck Wsyhcl`lby l$ ;rub 0$$khts

2kehtjlds tl psyhclehtj&k irubs ikpkdi ld2kehtjlds tl psyhclehtj&k irubs ikpkdi ld Wcysjhe` $ehtlrs suhc es (liy wkjbct %kte(l`js%Wcysjhe` $ehtlrs suhc es (liy wkjbct %kte(l`js%

jdjtje` stetk l$ k%ltjlde` erluse` edi pcysjhe`jdjtje` stetk l$ k%ltjlde` erluse` edi pcysjhe`

tl`kredhk.tl`kredhk.

0'pkrjkdhk lr tck du%(kr l$ tj%ks e pkrsld ces uski0'pkrjkdhk lr tck du%(kr l$ tj%ks e pkrsld ces uski

e irub.e irub.

0d&jrld%kdte` $ehtlrs suhc es wckrk edi wjtc wcl%0d&jrld%kdte` $ehtlrs suhc es wckrk edi wjtc wcl%

ldk js irjdajdb.ldk js irjdajdb.

!kdte` skt lr k'pkhtetjlds $lr irubKs k$$khts.!kdte` skt lr k'pkhtetjlds $lr irubKs k$$khts.

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>9>9Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

"iijhtj&k ;rubs"iijhtj&k ;rubs

"iijhtj&k irubs prliuhk e (jl`lbjhe` edilr"iijhtj&k irubs prliuhk e (jl`lbjhe` edilrpsyhcl`lbjhe` ikpkdikdhk jd tck uskrpsyhcl`lbjhe` ikpkdikdhk jd tck uskr 1jl`lbjhe``y (eski (liy (khl%ks sl1jl`lbjhe``y (eski (liy (khl%ks sl

ehhustl%ki tl tck prkskdhk l$ tck irub tcet jtehhustl%ki tl tck prkskdhk l$ tck irub tcet jtheddlt tl`kretk tck irubKs e(skdhkheddlt tl`kretk tck irubKs e(skdhk Wsyhcl`lbjhe``y (eski pklp`k (k`jk&k tckyWsyhcl`lbjhe``y (eski pklp`k (k`jk&k tcky

dkki tck irub tl hlpk wjtc iej`y `j&jdbdkki tck irub tl hlpk wjtc iej`y `j&jdb

"pprl'j%etk`y #> %j``jld "%krjheds ebk 5# edi"pprl'j%etk`y #> %j``jld "%krjheds ebk 5# edil`ikr e(usk lr erk ikpkdikdt ld psyhclehtj&kl`ikr e(usk lr erk ikpkdikdt ld psyhclehtj&kirubs +

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>4>4Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

;kprkssedts;kprkssedts

;kprkssedts s`lw ilwd tck dkr&lus systk% edi rkiuhk;kprkssedts s`lw ilwd tck dkr&lus systk% edi rkiuhkckert retk (`lli prkssurk edi %ushu`er tkdsjldckert retk (`lli prkssurk edi %ushu`er tkdsjld "`hlcl` edi &erjlus prkshrjptjld irubs erk `kbe`"`hlcl` edi &erjlus prkshrjptjld irubs erk `kbe`

ikprkssedtsikprkssedts //J``kbe`7 ikprkssedts %lst ikprkssedts uski ld tckJ``kbe`7 ikprkssedts %lst ikprkssedts uski ld tck

strkkt erk prkshrjptjld irubs (kjdb uski (y sl%kldkstrkkt erk prkshrjptjld irubs (kjdb uski (y sl%kldkltckr tced tl wcl% tck irub wes prkshrj(kiltckr tced tl wcl% tck irub wes prkshrj(ki

0$$khts jdh`uik ed'jkty rkiuhtjld %lli swjdbs s`lwki0$$khts jdh`uik ed'jkty rkiuhtjld %lli swjdbs s`lwki%kdte` edi pcysjhe` $udhtjldjdb s`urrki spkkhc edi%kdte` edi pcysjhe` $udhtjldjdb s`urrki spkkhc ediijslrjkdtetjldijslrjkdtetjld

)jtcirewe` sy%ptl%s jdh`uik wkeadkss rkst`kssdkss)jtcirewe` sy%ptl%s jdh`uik wkeadkss rkst`kssdkssdeuske &l%jtjdb ckeiehcks ikprkssjld ed'jktydeuske &l%jtjdb ckeiehcks ikprkssjld ed'jktyce``uhjdetjlds skj?urks edi sl%ktj%ks iketcce``uhjdetjlds skj?urks edi sl%ktj%ks iketc

"(lut 5G %j``jld "%krjheds ce&k prl(`k%s wjtc e`hlcl`"(lut 5G %j``jld "%krjheds ce&k prl(`k%s wjtc e`hlcl`

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>:>:Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

pjetks +

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>G>GHceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

Xtj%u`edtsXtj%u`edts

Xtj%u`edts spkki up tck H

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>,>,Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

HlhejdkKs 0$$kht ld tck 1rejdHlhejdkKs 0$$kht ld tck 1rejd

Hlhejdk (`lhas tck (rejdKsHlhejdk (`lhas tck (rejdKsrke(slrptjld +/rkupteak7 l$ tckrke(slrptjld +/rkupteak7 l$ tckdkurltreds%jttkrs ilpe%jdkdkurltreds%jttkrs ilpe%jdk

edi dlrkpjdkpcrjdk sl `k&k`sedi dlrkpjdkpcrjdk sl `k&k`sl$ tcksk su(stedhks rjsk.l$ tcksk su(stedhks rjsk. 2ksu`ts jd ed l&krstj%u`etjld2ksu`ts jd ed l&krstj%u`etjld

l$ hkrtejd (rejd hjrhujts edi el$ hkrtejd (rejd hjrhujts edi e(rjk$ kupclrjh cjbc.(rjk$ kupclrjh cjbc.

)ckd irub wkers l$$ ikp`ktjld)ckd irub wkers l$$ ikp`ktjldl$ ilpe%jdk %ey heusk uskrl$ ilpe%jdk %ey heusk uskrtl /hresc.7tl /hresc.7

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>->-Hceptkr 9Hceptkr 9

!ktce%pckte%jdk!ktce%pckte%jdk

!ktce%pckte%jdk js cjbc`y eiijhtj&k edi hed heusk!ktce%pckte%jdk js cjbc`y eiijhtj&k edi hed heusk

k'tkdsj&k (rejd ie%ebk edi tjssuk `lss.k'tkdsj&k (rejd ie%ebk edi tjssuk `lss.

;kstrlys tck dkurltreds%jttkr ;lpe%jdk jd tck (rejd;kstrlys tck dkurltreds%jttkr ;lpe%jdk jd tck (rejd

1kce&jlre` k$$khts l$ `lsjdb ilpe%jdk rkhkptlrs edi1kce&jlre` k$$khts l$ `lsjdb ilpe%jdk rkhkptlrs editredsplrtkrs jd&l`&k %k%lry edi %ltlr saj`` editredsplrtkrs jd&l`&k %k%lry edi %ltlr saj`` edi

slhje` saj`` prl(`k%s.slhje` saj`` prl(`k%s.

;kprkssjld k%ltjlde` jdste(j`jty edi j%pu`sj&k edi;kprkssjld k%ltjlde` jdste(j`jty edi j%pu`sj&k edi

&jl`kdt (kce&jlr erk e`sl hl%%ld.&jl`kdt (kce&jlr erk e`sl hl%%ld.

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93Hc t 9

Wsyhckik`jh ;rubs +Me``uhjdlbkdsWsyhckik`jh ;rubs +Me``uhjdlbkds

Me``uhjdlbkds prliuhk hcedbks jdMe``uhjdlbkds prliuhk hcedbks jdpkrhkptjldpkrhkptjld =ckrk erk dl `kbe` ce``uhjdlbkds e`tclubc tckrk=ckrk erk dl `kbe` ce``uhjdlbkds e`tclubc tckrk

erk prkshrj(ki irubs tcet hed sl%ktj%ks ce&kerk prkshrj(ki irubs tcet hed sl%ktj%ks ce&k

ce``uhjdlbkdjh sjik k$$khtsce``uhjdlbkdjh sjik k$$khts J``kbe` ce``uhjdlbkds jdh`uik %erjnuede !;!"J``kbe` ce``uhjdlbkds jdh`uik %erjnuede !;!"

+khstesy edi @X;+khstesy edi @X; 0$$khts jdh`uik kupclrje rk`e'ki jdcj(jtjlds0$$khts jdh`uik kupclrje rk`e'ki jdcj(jtjlds

ckjbctkdki kdkrby pkrhkptue` ijstlrtjldsckjbctkdki kdkrby pkrhkptue` ijstlrtjlds%ebdj$jki $kk`jdbs pedjh edi peredlje%ebdj$jki $kk`jdbs pedjh edi peredlje )jtcirewe` sy%ptl%s jdh`uik cypkrehtj&jty)jtcirewe` sy%ptl%s jdh`uik cypkrehtj&jty

jdsl%dje ikprkssjld edi ed'jktyjdsl%dje ikprkssjld edi ed'jkty