psych 132: hormones and behavior - gorman...
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Psych 132: Hormones and Behavior
Hormones and receptors July 9, 2013
Assignment • Chapter 2
– Pg. 41-54 • Can skip 50-51
– Pg. 64-71 (more detailed than necessary) No quiz on this material
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The major glands Hormones and receptors Their functional organization
Text Figure 2.1!
hormones!
pheromones!
e.g., neurotransmitters!
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Text Fig 2.x!
Binding/Carrier proteins!
Alpha-feto protein!
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Main endocrine glands
Text Fig.!
Liver!Placenta!Kidney!Heart!!
Hypothalamus
Text Fig. !
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Hypothalamus!
Environmental inputs!Neural inputs!
Releasing Hormones/Factors! Inhibiting Hormones/Factors!
Pituitary
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Divisions
OXYTOCIN!VASOPRESSIN!
Hormones and Receptors
• What do Hs and Rs look like? • How are they made? • How do they act?
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Two main classes of Hs
Steroids Proteins
Steroids
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Features
• Lipid soluble – pass through cell membranes
• Relatively long-lasting/slow
How made? Enzymes convert What happens if enzyme is deficient (e.g., gene mutation)? How metabolized?
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Interesting conversions (memorize)
testosterone
Dihydroxy-T (DHT)
5 α reductase aromatase
Estrogen
Testosterone Rs! Estrogen Rs!
androgens!
Chromosome Gene DNA Transcription mRNA Amino acids Protein
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Peptide/Protein Hs
Thryrotropin releasing hormone!Gonadotropin ….!
Can also be similar
But not convertible – could have some effects on same receptor, though!
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Evolutionary changes (GnRH)
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Bind to Receptors (Rs)
• In nucleus • On membrane
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Steroids Binding proteins!
ER alpha!ER beta!
Receptor
• Most peptide Hs
• Big
• Faster acting
• (GPR30 is membrane estrogen receptor)
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• How is the R made?
• Does it vary between individuals? – Mutations – Polymorphisms (SNPs)
Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphisms
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0011153!
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Testosterone/androgen receptor
• CAG repeats • Most people have ~20 • Receptor less effective with more repeats
Some variation in hormone sequence
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Triggers events inside cell; makes cell!alter function!
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• Multiple cell-signaling mechanisms
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HPT axis
• HPA axis • Adrenocorticotropic H
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MELATONIN ON/OFF! STRESS ON/OFF!
METABOLISM ON/OFF!
HPG axis!
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Hormones and Receptors
• Pairing between signal and receiver • Synthesis and processing of Hs • Regulation of Hs. Receptors TOO! • Many are closely related