psychological disorders. 1.5 million people are hospitalized in the u.s. for mental disturbances. an...
TRANSCRIPT
1.5 million people are hospitalized in the U.S. for mental disturbances. An
additional 4 to 5 million people annually seek psychological help of
one sort or another.
Person may suffer from discomfort more or less continuously.
Person may have a bizarre fashion.Person many be very inefficient.
Unable to perform their life roles properlyHave trouble getting along with others and are typically inflexible.
Person constantly see a threatening environment.
A book published by the American Psychiatric Association that classifies the symptoms of mental disorders into
formal categories
Trouble in school is usually the first sign
3 to 5 % of the population of children80% malesMost common reason children are referred to a mental health professional
Average age 8 and 10 years
Malfunction in the pre-fontal brain
Eating too much sugar (Not True)
Allergies or reactions to food additives or dyes (Not Common)
Really do not know cause
Ritalin - stimulantStructure (high degree)
Distractions reducedTime cut down
1/2 cases continue to adolescence1/3 cases continue to adulthood
Present from birth and appear very early in life
Can be diagnosed before age of three, can be seen at infancy
Rare disorder 2 to 5 of every 10,000 children
3 times as many males as females
BabiesHard to feedNo social smilingDon’t like being held or cuddled
ChildrenFrequent tantrumSpin or rock themselvesStare off into space for long periods of timeVery little sensitivity to painRarely maintain eye contactBecome attached to objects not people“sameness” in their environment dislike change
(strong reaction)Mostly remain muteEcholalia: the person “echoes”, or repeats what
has just been said
Do Not know what causes autistic Disorder
Result of physiological or neurological problems, not bad parenting
Attacks happen a few times a dayo Palms sweato Throat closes upo Breathing is erratico Heart pondso Hands trembleo Armpit sweat (increases)
Between attackso Restlesso Sleep poorlyo Don’t eat well o Not capable of calming down
Panic Disorder: frequent and overwhelming attacks of anxiety that are not associated with specific objects or events.Stress increases attack and soon panic
attacks are associated with different activities
Treatment - medication/psychotherapy
Specific phobia: a phobia disorder associated with a specific object or situation, such as snakes, dogs, elevators, and heights.Cause: association or learning
Agoraphobia: the fear of leaving a familiar environment, especially home (open places)Cause: Learned in childhood, stay at home
moms develop it over time, have boundaries that they have to stay in that go beyond their home.
28-5Score: Add up the numbers placed in front of
each itemResults: Higher scores reflect greater anxiety
levels
Obsession: endless preoccupation with a certain urge or thought
Compulsion: repeated symbolic, ritualized behavior
Results from faulty attempts to resolve guilt, anxiety, or insecurity.
Defect in the amount of some brain chemical resulting in which circuits in the brain are triggered over and over to repeat endless actions that are reasonably normal for most.
28-6Score:
1 pt. true answers for items: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 21
1 pt. false answers for items: 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 22
3 and 15 Validity if not answered correctly not valid
Results: Higher scores reflecting greater compulsivity.
A condition in which psychological issues are expressed in bodily symptoms in the
absence of any real physical problem
Conversion Disorder: a serious psychological trauma is changed into a symbolic physical dysfunction.Examples: Hysterical blindness,
hysterical paralysisHypochondriasis: feeling excessive
concern about one’s health and exaggerating the seriousness of minor physical complaintsCause: attention as a child when sick and
looking for that same attention
Amnesia: traumatic events seem to disappear from memory.
Psychogenic Amnesia: psychologically caused. Selective Forgetting - forgetting only things that are very
traumaticFugue: a person forgets his or her current
life and starts a new one somewhere else. Cause: serious or unresolved conflict
Dissociative Identity Disorder: a person divides himself or herself into separate personalities that can act independently Cause:
Haunted, confused personality History of traumatic experiences or child abuse Long-term habit of escaping from almost every problem
Have very strong, conflicting desires and needs in their lifestyles.
29-3Score:
1 pt. for true answers for items: 1-6, 8-9, 11-14, 16, 19
1 pt. for false answers for items: 7, 10, 15, 17, 18, 20. 21, 23-26
ResultsHigher more Dissociation“Normal” score 9.92
A mood disorder involving moderate depression
4 to 12% of the population are affected by this
Common Cold of mental healthGoes on for a long period of time or
comes out of no where for no real reason.
Lack of energyUnhappinessLoss of interest in activities and
peopleLoss of sense of humorSadnessRock-bottom feeling of self-worth
Sever depression; involves loss of appetite, lack of energy, hopelessness, and suicidal thoughtsTrouble carrying out simple daily tasks
28-7Score:
Reverse number for items: 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20
Then add up all numbersResults:
50-59 Mild Depression60-69 Moderate to Severe70-above Indicates Severe Depression
A mood disorder involving extreme agitation, restlessness, rapid speech, and trouble concentrating.
Fight of ideas: a confused stat in which thoughts and speech go in all directions with no unifying concept.
Delusions that have special powers or great influences.
Lifetime of many separations, losses and serious set backsFemales are twice as likely to be moderately depresses and
four times as likely as males to suffer from major depression.Bipolar disorder rates are the same for both genders.Married women are more often depressed than single
women.The more children a woman has the more likely she is to
become depressed.Learned helplessness: a condition is which a person has
accepted the generalized idea that she can do nothing to help herself,
Self-imageDenying who you really are in order to have people like you.Deficiency in hormone thyroxin.Brain chemical serotonin levels too high lead to mania; levels
too low lead to depression
Psychosis: a severe mental disorder that may involve disorganized thought processes, hallucinations, delusions, and major problems with emotional
responses.
Thought disorder: a serious distortion in the ability to think or speak in a lucid and coherent way.
Hallucinating: the act of seeing or hearing something that is not present.
Delusion: a belief in something that is clearly not true.
Great deal of trouble with emotional responses Emotions shown inappropriate
A psychosis involving disorganized thoughts and garbled speech as well as hallucinations and delusions; the most serious mental disorder.
Word Salad: speech in which words are mixed incoherently
Clang Associations: rhythmic patterns associated with psychotic speech.
Catatonic: disturbances of movementDo not speak or say very littleIn a stupor much of the timeHold a peculiar posture or sit or stand
unmoving for hoursParanoid: Strong feeling of
suspiciousness and persecutionGrandiose beliefs: special or supper human
powersUndifferentiated: lacks distinguishing
symptomsCatch all
Moderately high if family members have it. Not key factor.
90% no family membersWhen adopted out of family chances
loweredEnvironment plays a small roles.
Not a cause but can contribute.
Dopamine: it is present in excess in schizophrenics, which cause nerve cells to fire too rapidly and leads to confusion in thought and speechPsychological problems produce
dopamine
The person seems to have no conscience and is in constant conflict with the laws.Sociopath: person with antisocial
disorder