psychology 1
DESCRIPTION
Psychology 1 reportsTRANSCRIPT
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 1
CHAPTER 3:The Biological Basis of BehaviorMrs. Diwani Bompat Aliǹab, M.A. PsychPsychology 1
CHAPTER 3:The Biological Basis of BehaviorMrs. Diwani Bompat Aliǹab, M.A. PsychPsychology 1
Group 10:
Bayotas, Roger Jr. C. BSA-3
Madura, Charlestone
Sumaya, Sherjillen
Group 10:
Bayotas, Roger Jr. C. BSA-3
Madura, Charlestone
Sumaya, Sherjillen
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 2
The Biological Basis of BehaviorThe Biological Basis of Behavior
Mechanisms involved in order for an individual to process information and give response are:
RECEIVIN
G
MECHANISM REACTING
MECHANISM
CONNECTINGMECHANISM
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 3
The Connecting MechanismThe Connecting Mechanism
1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 4
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
Human Nervous System is the complex arrangement of highly specialized cells called neurons or nerve cells, which serves as communicating system of the body.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 5
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 6
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
What is the basic conducting unit of the nervous system???
GUESS WHAT?
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 7
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
Neurons are the mysterious butterflies
of the soul, the beating of whose wings may
someday – who knows? – clarify the secret of mental life?
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 8
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
Neuron(s) defined:
- composed of a cell body, which contains the nucleus, dendrites and the axon.
- individual conducting unit that “makes up” the nervous system
Note: nerve is a bundle of many long neurons outside the brain and spinal cord
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 9
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
Parts of the Neurons:
a. cell body- has the cell nucleus which contains the cell’s genetic information.b. dendrites- receives incoming signals from other neurons.
c. axon- tail-like extension that carries nerve impulses to other neurons particularly outgoing messages from the cell.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 10
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 11
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 12
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
Types of neurons according to function:
a. Sensory (Afferent) – transmit information from sense organs to the brain or spinal cord.
b. Motor (Efferent) – transmit information from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands of the body.
c. Interneurons (Association) –connects the sensory and motor cells
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 13
Nervous System and NeuronsNervous System and Neurons
Types of neurons according to speed.
The fastest neuron can transmit an impulse at the speed of 110 meters/second while the slowest neuron can transmit an impulse at the rate of 0.5 meter/second.
Note: nerve impulse is a potential energy that runs along the nerve fiber
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 14
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Composition of the CNS:
a. Brain
b. Spinal Cord
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 15
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
…and now, le
t’s
talk about
B-R-A
-I-N!
UTOK ba
Brad! UTOK!!!
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 16
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
It is the function then of brain to identify, organize, interpret and respond to the messages from the internal and external stimuli.
The brain contains more than about 90% of the body’s neurons. Anatomically, it fills the upper portion of the skull.
Although it weighs about 3 pounds and could be held in one hand, it contains billions of interacting cells that integrate information from inside and outside of the body, coordinate the body’s actions and enable us to talk, think, remember, plan, create, and dream.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 17
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Physically, the brain has more or less 3 distinct areas: the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain. It has also TWO Hemispheres, the left and right hemispheres.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 18
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
FOREBRAIN:
-largest and most complex region of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.
- the thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system form the core of the forebrain.
-all this structure are located near the top of the brainstem
-above them is the cerebrum, the seat of complex thoughts.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 19
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
HINDBRAIN:
- found in even the most primitive vertebrates. It is made up of the cerebellum, the pons, and the medulla.
MIDBRAIN:
-lies between the hindbrain and the forebrain and is crucial for hearing and sight. The midbrain is concerned with certain sensory processes, such as locating where things are in space.
Example: when there is a sound, it triggers us to have a reflexive turning of the head. (midbrain is at work)
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 20
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Spinal Cord napud!
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 21
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
SPINAL CORD:
- connects the brain to the rest of the body through the peripheral nervous system. It runs from the base of the brain to just below the level of the waist.
- it houses bundles of axon that carry the brain commands to peripheral nerves that relay sensations from the body to the brain
- many forms of paralysis result from spinal cord
damage.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 22
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Does the brain hemisphere have special tasks?INSTINCT!
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 23
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 24
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Left HemisphereVERBAL – language-related
skills lie speaking, understanding language, carrying on a conversation, reading, writing, spelling.
Right HemisphereNON-VERBAL – this
hemisphere has a childish ability to read, write and understand speech.
Example:
When spoken to the right hemisphere can understand simple sentences and read simple words.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 25
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Left HemisphereMATHEMATICAL – location of
programs for mathematical skills like basic arithmetic and solving complex problems in calculus, physics and so on.
Right HemisphereSPATIAL – ability to
understand and see the relationships between spaces, shapes and areas. It can perform simple addition but not more complex mathematics.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 26
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Left HemisphereANALYTIC – process
information by analyzing each separate piece that makes up a whole.Example:
The left hemisphere would “see” a face by analyzing piece by piece its many parts: nose, eye, lips, cheeks and so on.
Right HemisphereHOLISTIC – process
information by combining parts into a meaningful whole.-it is involved also in recognizing emotional expressions and identifying them.
Example:
The right hemisphere “sees” a face as a whole and is better at recognizing faces.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 27
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 28
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 29
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
I will now discuss, the Peripheral Nervous System! Listen attentively…
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 30
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
PNS – is a channel for the relay of sensory and motor impulses between the central nervous system on one hand and the body surface, skeletal muscles, and internal organs on the other hand.
- it is divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 31
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYTEM – associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and with reception of external stimuli, which helps keep the body in touch with the surroundings.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- it controls many organs and
muscles within the body and functions in an involuntary, reflexive manner.
-it is further divided into sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system.
04/21/2023 PSYCHOLOGY 1 32
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – has an active pushing function (fight or flight system)
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYTEM – has
mainly a relaxing function (the rest and digest)