psychology 1011 midterm #1
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Psychology 1011 Midterm #1. Meredith Bessey & Rachel Grant. Questions? Email us!. Meredith Bessey [email protected] Rachel Grant [email protected]. Chapter 2 – Studying Behaviour Scientifically . The Scientific Method. Some key terms to know: Hypothesis Theory Variable - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Meredith Bessey & Rachel Grant
PSYCHOLOGY 1011 MIDTERM #1
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QUESTIONS? EMAIL US!
Meredith Bessey
Rachel Grant
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CHAPTER 2 – STUDYING BEHAVIOUR SCIENTIFICALLY
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Some key terms to know:
Hypothesis
Theory
Variable
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Operational definition
Placebo and expectancy effects
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STATISTICS!
Statistics is the branch of mathematics involving the collection, description, and interpretation of numerical data
What is a normal distribution?
Be able to differentiate and calculate the:
Mean
Median
mode
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WHAT ARE SOME WAYS WE MEASURE BEHAVIOUR?
Self-report measures
Reports by others
Often used to support self-reports
Physiological measures
Behavioural measures
All these approaches have their advantages and disadvantages
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METHODS OF RESEARCH
Descriptive research
Case studies
Naturalistic observations
surveys
Correlational research
Experimental research
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VALIDITY & THREATS TO VALIDITY
Know the difference between:
Internal validity
External validity
Understand:
placebo effects
Confounding variables
Generalization
replication
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ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Ethical guidelines for both:
Human research
Non-human animal research
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CHAPTER 3 – BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOR
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THE NEURON
Terms to know:
Neuron
Glia
Axon
Dendrite
Soma
Axon terminal
Nodes of ranvier
Myelin Sheath
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FUNCTION OF THE NEURON
Know:
The primary purpose of the neuron
The stages of depolarization/repolarization
Action potential vs. resting potential
Threshold
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SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
Three types of neurons: motor, sensory, interneurons
4 structure types: bipolar, unipolar, multipolar, pyramidal
What two ways can a response be terminated in the synapse?
Common NTs
Serotonin, dopamine, Ach, GABA norepinephrine
Know a small amount about each (in general are they inhibitory or excitatory?)
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Comprised of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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BRAIN STRUCTURES
Know major brain areas and their primary function
Hindbrain (medulla, pons, cerebellum)
Midbrain (reticular formation)
Forebrain (basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, lymbic system)
Cerebral Cortex (know Wenickes/Brocas areas)
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CORTEX
Prefrontal cortex
Association cortex
Agnosia
Split brain syndrome
Neural plasticity
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CHAPTER 4 – GENES AND BEHAVIOUR
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SOME KEY GENETICS CONCEPTS
Nature or nurture? Or is it nature AND nurture?
Key genetics terms:
Genotype
Phenotype
Genes
Chromosomes
Allele
DNA
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GENE EFFECTS
Genes can be expressed in different ways
Dominant gene
Recessive gene
Polygenic transmission
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GENE TECHNOLOGIES
Recombinant DNA procedures
Virus-mediated gene transfer
Transgenic mice
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HOW MUCH IS GENES AND HOW MUCH IS ENVIRONMENT?
Heritability coefficient
Twin studies
Compare concordance
Minnesota Twin Study
Adoption studies
Reaction range
Gene expression
epigenetics
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EVOLUTION AND BEHAVIOUR
Evolution
Natural selection
Adaptation
Domain-specific adaptations
Genetic determinism
Social Darwinism
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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
What factors influence mate selection?
Parental investment
Different mating systems
Polygyny
Monogomous mating system
Polyandry
polygynandry
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HELPING BEHAVIOUR
Cooperation
Altruism
Kin-selection theory
Theory of reciprocal altruism
aggression
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QUESTIONS? EMAIL US!
Meredith Bessey
Rachel Grant