psychology as science science empiricism testable/falsifiable objectivity challenges existing...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Psychology as Science
Science• Empiricism• Testable/Falsifiable• Objectivity• Challenges Existing
Beliefs• Shared Methods
“Pop-psych”• Untestable• Simplistic• Confirms existing
beliefs• $$$$
![Page 2: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Five Steps of the Scientific Method
Developing a hypothesisDeveloping a hypothesis
Performing a controlled testPerforming a controlled test
Gathering objective dataGathering objective data
Analyzing the resultsAnalyzing the results
Publishing, criticizing, and Publishing, criticizing, and replicating the resultsreplicating the results
![Page 3: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Critical Thinking Skills
• Ask questions• Examine the evidence• Look for Bias• Consider alternate
explanations• Tolerate uncertainty*
![Page 4: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Mind, Behavior, Mind, Behavior, and Scienceand Science
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ISBN: 0-205-37181-7
![Page 5: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
True or False?
• Your brain makes a painkiller similar Your brain makes a painkiller similar to herointo heroin
• True: Naturally produced chemicals True: Naturally produced chemicals called called endorphinsendorphins are closely related are closely related to herointo heroin
![Page 6: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Many things that happen to us leave Many things that happen to us leave no record in memoryno record in memory
True or False?True or False?
• True: Most of the information around True: Most of the information around us never reaches memory, and what us never reaches memory, and what does reach memory often gets does reach memory often gets distorteddistorted
![Page 7: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• You are born with all the brain cells You are born with all the brain cells you will ever haveyou will ever have
True or False?True or False?
• False: Recent research shows that False: Recent research shows that some parts of the brain continue some parts of the brain continue producing new cells throughout lifeproducing new cells throughout life
![Page 8: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• The most common form of mental The most common form of mental disorder occurs in 30% of the disorder occurs in 30% of the populationpopulation
True or False?True or False?
• True: Depression, the single most True: Depression, the single most common disorder, may affect up to a common disorder, may affect up to a third of the population at some point third of the population at some point in their livesin their lives
![Page 9: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Seven Modern Perspectives of PsychologySeven Modern Perspectives of Psychology
BiologicalBiological
EvolutionaryEvolutionary
PsychodynamicPsychodynamic
BehavioralBehavioral
CognitiveCognitive
HumanisticHumanistic
SocioculturalSociocultural
![Page 10: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What Do Psychologists Do?
Psychology is a broad field with many specialties, grouped
in two major categories: experimental psychology and
applied psychology
![Page 11: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Experimental Psychologists
What Do Psychologists Do?
• Conduct most research across psychological spectrum
• Often teach at college or university
• May work in private industry or for the government
![Page 12: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Applied Psychologists
ClinicalClinical CounselingCounseling
EngineeringEngineering
RehabilitationRehabilitation
I/OI/O
SchoolSchool
What Do Psychologists Do?
• Use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems
![Page 13: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Psychologists in Other Settings
• Sports• Consumer Issues• Advertising• Organizational
Problems• Environmental Issues
• Public policy• Opinion polls• Military training• Animal behavior• Legal Issues
![Page 14: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Psychology’s History
1. Wilhelm Wundt• First Laboratory 1879• Productive
Researcher• Structuralism• Introspection
![Page 15: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
William James
• “father of American psychology”
• Principles of Psychology (1890)
• Functionalism
![Page 16: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Extreme Environmentalism
• “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes, beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.”– John Broadus Watson, 1928
![Page 17: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3. John Watson
• Upstart, disagreed with research on “mind”
• Behaviorism• Observable,
objectivity• Little Albert
![Page 18: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
4. Sigmund Freud
• Psychoanalysis• Psychosexual• Pessimistic• Unconscious• Sex/Anxiety
![Page 19: Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2c3a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Final Figure
5. Carl Rogers• Humanist• Optimistic• Self actualization