PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY

CHAPTER ONECHAPTER ONE

Essential question:Essential question:

What is psychology?What is psychology?

PsychologyPsychology provides the tools provides the tools to help you gain insight into to help you gain insight into your own your own behaviorbehavior, as well as , as well as your relationships with othersyour relationships with others

Behavior has Behavior has two two componentscomponents

observableobservable behavior behavior

unobservableunobservable behavior behavior

Psychology is a SciencePsychology is a Science

Psychology is connected to the Psychology is connected to the social sciences social sciences

i.e. history and economicsi.e. history and economics

As a social science psychology As a social science psychology explores the explores the influencesinfluences of society of society on individual behavior and group on individual behavior and group relationships.relationships.

Psychology is connected to the Psychology is connected to the natural sciences natural sciences i.e. biology and chemistryi.e. biology and chemistry

As a natural science psychology As a natural science psychology looks for biological explanations for looks for biological explanations for human behaviorhuman behavior

Ask the question, “Why do Ask the question, “Why do teenagers participate in risky teenagers participate in risky behavior?behavior?

Social science would look at the Social science would look at the behavior as it is influenced by behavior as it is influenced by society.society.Family structure, economics, locationsFamily structure, economics, locations

Natural science would look at brain Natural science would look at brain development.development.Brain developmentBrain development

PredictPredictRank in order the progression of drug use then Rank in order the progression of drug use then

share with the person next to you.share with the person next to you.1. Pot1. Pot2. Cigarettes2. Cigarettes3. Alcohol3. Alcohol4. Heroin4. Heroin5. Prescription drugs 5. Prescription drugs 6. Ecstasy6. Ecstasy7. Cocaine7. Cocaine8. LSD8. LSD9. Mushrooms9. Mushrooms

Goals of PsychologyGoals of Psychology

DESCRIBEDESCRIBE- psychologist describe or gather - psychologist describe or gather information about the behavior being information about the behavior being studied and to present what is known.studied and to present what is known.

EXPLAINEXPLAIN-- psychologist seek to explain why psychologist seek to explain why their study subjects (people or animals) their study subjects (people or animals) behave they way they do. These behave they way they do. These explanations can be called explanations can be called psychological psychological principlesprinciples. . Psychological principles are Psychological principles are generally valid ideas about behaviorgenerally valid ideas about behavior

PREDICTPREDICT- psychologist try to predict, - psychologist try to predict, as a result of accumulated as a result of accumulated knowledge, gathered through knowledge, gathered through research, how people or animals will research, how people or animals will behave.behave.

INFLUENCE- INFLUENCE- some psychologist will some psychologist will seek to influence behavior, hopefully seek to influence behavior, hopefully for the betterfor the better

Steve's BehaviorSteve's Behavior

Humans are complex!Humans are complex!

Steve ignored Steve ignored physiological needsphysiological needs – –physical needs (sleep hunger)physical needs (sleep hunger)

Engaged in this behavior for Engaged in this behavior for cognitive cognitive (private unobservable mental)(private unobservable mental) reasons unknown to usreasons unknown to us

thinking, feeling, attitudesthinking, feeling, attitudes

AVOIDANCE?????AVOIDANCE?????

PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY is the is the

SCIENTIFICSCIENTIFIC (in accord with the (in accord with the rules or methods of science) rules or methods of science)

SYSTEMATICSYSTEMATIC (follow a plan, (follow a plan, methodical, orderly) methodical, orderly)

STUDYSTUDY of behavior and mental of behavior and mental processes in organisms. processes in organisms.

Why ????Why ????

- - to reduce the possibility or errors to reduce the possibility or errors

and bias….and bias….

Hmmmm.. let’ s look at that predict list Hmmmm.. let’ s look at that predict list againagain

Did you by chance rank these Did you by chance rank these

according to your personal experience???according to your personal experience???

The Scientific Basis of The Scientific Basis of PsychologyPsychology

Psychologists working in Psychologists working in basic sciencebasic science are conducting studies TO EXPLAIN more are conducting studies TO EXPLAIN more human or animal behavior human or animal behavior (research)(research)

Psychologists working in Psychologists working in applied scienceapplied science use what is already known to solve more use what is already known to solve more immediate problems. immediate problems.

EX: Finding ways to alter/fix the EX: Finding ways to alter/fix the behaviors of addicts. Is that you???behaviors of addicts. Is that you???

Psychology as a SciencePsychology as a ScienceStudies done in psychology MUST use Studies done in psychology MUST use

the the scientific methodscientific method.. (to reduce the (to reduce the possibility or errors and bias)….possibility or errors and bias)….

1. 1. QUESTION or PROBLEMQUESTION or PROBLEM2. HYPOTHESIS- educated guess2. HYPOTHESIS- educated guess3. COLLECT DATA- experiments, surveys and 3. COLLECT DATA- experiments, surveys and case studiescase studies4. ANALYIZE DATA4. ANALYIZE DATA5. DRAW CONCLUSIONS5. DRAW CONCLUSIONS6. THEORY6. THEORY

……

William Wundt set up the first William Wundt set up the first psychology lab to study sensation psychology lab to study sensation and feelings.and feelings.

Technique was known as Technique was known as introspectionintrospection