psychology magazine terminada
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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychology is
a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub-fields of study such areas
as human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior and
cognitive processes.
Psychology is really a very new science, with most advances happening
over the past 150 years or so. However, its origins can be traced back to
ancient Greece, 400 – 500 years BC. The emphasis was a philosophical
one, with great thinkers such as Socrates influencing Plato, who in turn
influenced Aristotle.
Philosophers used to discuss many topics now studied by modern
psychology, such as memory, free will, attraction etc.
Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and
groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific
cases and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society.
Psychologists explore concepts such
as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation
, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships,
including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas
Psychology it is extremely important for many factors,
including helping to diagnose various diseases and helping
with understanding a person’s behavior and more about
them.
Psychology has helped me personally as a future teacher.
Now I can understand who I am and look at events on a
more positive aspect. I have become more determined to do
the things. Whenever I have a problem, I can handle it better
and make better decisions within my life, whether it is the
projects I work on or the way I handle my time.
Psychology it is an amazing science and right now I can say
that all the knowledge that I have will help me a lot to my
future students, because I learned that each person have an
individual differences in characteristics patterns of thinking,
feeling and behaving, so they will act in a different way in a
same situation.
Is the time of person's life when they are a child.
Time of life: a period of time during which a person is normally in
a particular life state
Anal phase, anal stage : (psychoanalysis) the second sexual
and social stage of a child's development during which bowel
control is learned
Latency period, latency phase, latency stage : (psychoanalysis) the fourth period (from about age 5 or 6 until
puberty) during which sexual interests are supposed to be
sublimated into other activities
Phallic phase, phallic stage : (psychoanalysis) the third stage
in a child's development when awareness of and manipulation of
the genitals is supposed to be a primary source of pleasure
Prepuberty : a period of two years immediately prior to the onset
of puberty when growth and changes leading to sexual maturity
occur
Monitoring child development is important to ensure
that children meet their ‘developmental milestones’.
Although arbitrary time frames that are far from exact,
checking that children are roughly ‘on track’ for their
age is helpful in order to detect early on if there are
any hiccups in development. This is usually carried out
through child/mother services and Pediatricians as
infants and toddlers, and later through kindergartens
and school term skills assessments.
The earliest possible detection (and treatment if
appropriate) of developmental challenges is helpful as
it can allow the early intervention to help minimize the
impact these developmental hiccups can have on
children’s skill development and subsequently their
confidence, or serve as an indicator of a possible
diagnosis.
Child development is the sequential progression of changes in the body and abilities as the
child grows from birth to adolescence.
Child Development typically occurs naturally through exposure to helpful stimulus,
repeated opportunity to practice the same things to facilitate learning and a wide range
of life experiences. As such, child development generally occurs naturally without much
conscious thought on the parents behalf (although of course many parents consciously
exposure their children to range of specific activities to aid well rounded development
where possible).
Pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, counting from the first day of your
last normal period. The weeks are grouped into three trimesters.
First trimester (week 1- week
12) During the first trimester your body
undergoes many changes. Hormonal
changes affect almost every organ
system in your body. These changes
can trigger symptoms even in the
very first weeks of pregnancy. Your
period stopping is a clear sign that
you are pregnant.
Second trimester (week 13-week 28)
You might notice that symptoms like nausea
and fatigue are going away. But other new,
more noticeable changes to your body are
now happening. Your abdomen will expand
as the baby continues to grow. And before
this trimester is over, you will feel your baby
beginning to move!
Third trimester (week 29-week
40)
You're in the home stretch! Some of
the same discomforts you had in
your second trimester will continue.
Plus, many women find breathing
difficult and notice they have to go
to the bathroom even more often.
This is because the baby is getting
bigger and it is putting more pressure
on your organs.
It is estimated that 15 to 25% of women
smoke during pregnancy [20,94,98] and
although pregnancy motivates a
minority of women to stop smoking for at
least part of their pregnancy, most start
again after delivery. There is also a strong
correlation between maternal smoking
during pregnancy and young age,
unmarried status and being from low
socio-economic strata. Despite current
knowledge about the detrimental
effects of smoking during pregnancy,
the reduction in smoking among
pregnant women is progressing very
slowly. In some regions, e.g. Sweden,
smoking has decreased at a higher rate
and is now below 10%. This decrease is
however often coupled to a
simultaneous increase in the use of
smokeless tobacco, resulting in virtually
unaltered levels of nicotine exposure for
the fetus.
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is
a major risk factor for the newborn,
increasing morbidity and even
mortality in the neonatal period but
also beyond. As nicotine addiction is
the factor preventing many women
from smoking cessation during
pregnancy, nicotine replacement
therapy (NRT) has been suggested as a
better alternative for the fetus.
However, the safety of NRT has not
been well documented, and animal
studies have in fact pointed to
nicotine per se as being responsible for
a multitude of these detrimental
effects. Nicotine interacts with
endogenous acetylcholine receptors in
the brain and lung, and exposure
during development interferes with
normal neurotransmitter function, thus
evoking neurodevelopmental
abnormalities by disrupting the timing
of neurotrophic actions.
Thousands of children are born with the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol.
While many people drink, alcohol is poisonous to the child that grows inside the
womb. The ingestion of even an alcoholic beverage per day during pregnancy
the baby in development can be exposed to the risk of serious birth defects. A
small amount of alcohol can cause permanent damage to the child. The use of
alcohol during pregnancy can cause serious problems in children and
adolescents:
Infants may show slow growth and developmental delay, unusual facial
features, irritability, brain and neurological disorders, mental retardation and
problems with their attachment to their fathers.
Kids and school-age children may have problems with learning, low tolerance
for frustration, inadequate social boundaries and difficulty reading.
Teenagers can have continuous learning problems, depression, anxiety and
inappropriate sexual behavior.
Facial deformities.
Slow and retarded development.
Brain and neurological problems.
The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) a syndrome that can be caused by drinking
alcohol during the pregnancy is not well known. This syndrome can be given to
your baby even if you just drink a tiny bit of alcohol once during the entire
pregnancy; this depends on the alcohol-sensitivity of your unborn child.
Children with FAS have difficulties with learning, concentration, communication
and often have social problems. The appearance of children with FAS is
characteristic. Baby’s who are born with FAS will have this for their entire life.
Try replacing a glass of beer or wine with other stress-easing pleasures, such as
a warm bath, soft music, a beauty treatment, exercise or reading.
Cocaine use during pregnancy can affect a pregnant woman and her
unborn baby in many ways: A. twice as likely to have a premature
baby; B. More likely to have a low birth-weight baby; C. More likely to
have babies born with smaller heads and smaller brains proportionate
to body size.
Cocaine cuts the flow of
nutrients and oxygen to
the fetus, the baby may
be much smaller at birth
than it would be
otherwise. May cause
the placenta to pull
away from the wall of
the uterus before labor
begins. This condition,
placental abruption, can
lead to extensive
bleeding and can be
fatal for both the mother
and her baby.
The birth defects and other
problems caused by
cocaine are completely
preventable.
The March of Dimes advises women
who use cocaine to stop before they
become pregnant or to delay
pregnancy until they believe they can
avoid the drug completely throughout
the pregnancy
Women who stop using cocaine early in
pregnancy appear to reduce their risk
of having premature or low-birth weight
babies.
1. Bottomless
Hunger
2. Pain Problem
3. Hubby Hater
4. Hubby Lover
5. Everyone's an
Enemy
6. Scent Sensitive
7. Drama Queen
The first three years of life are a period of incredible growth in all
areas of a baby's development. A newborn's brain is about 25
percent of its approximate adult weight. But by age 3, it has grown
dramatically by producing billions of cells and hundreds of trillions of
connections, or synapses, between these cells. In this section you will
learn about the many ways parents and caregivers can help
children get off to a good start and establish healthy patterns for life-
long learning.
Human brain development is a protracted process that begins in the
third gestational week (GW) with the differentiation of the neural
progenitor cells and extends at least through late adolescence,
arguably throughout the lifespan. The processes that contribute to
brain development range from the molecular events of gene
expression to environmental input. Critically, these very different
levels and kinds of processes interact to support the ongoing series of
events that define brain development. Both gene expression and
environmental input are essential for normal brain development, and
disruption of either can fundamentally alter neural outcomes. But
neither genes nor input is prescriptive or determinative of outcome.
Rather brain development is aptly characterized as a complex series
of dynamic and adaptive processes that operate throughout the
course of development to promote the emergence and
differentiation of new neural structures and functions. These
processes operate within highly constrained and genetically
organized, but constantly changing contexts that, over time, support
the emergence of the complex and dynamic structure of the human
brain
The brain is one of the first organs to develop into a fetus. When a baby is
born, has a fully developed brain. The functioning of the brain after birth
depends much stimulation the baby receives from its environment. You can
stimulate your child's brain to increase cognitive skills in various ways. The
use of visual aids is a method to stimulate brain function.
To stimulation of the brain is a necessary action because is the most
important part of our body. We have to make some activities to develop
this stimulation, like:
-Puzzles
-Crosswords
-Memory
-Match drawing with the word
- Simple math problems (one apple +one apple=
two apple)