APresentation

on

Motivation Types of Motivation

and

Theories of MotivationPresented By-

Priyanka Nain

Institute of Teacher Training

&

Research (B.P.S.M.V.)

• Look at these pictures and think…

The student is studying hard during exams.

The boy is learning to cycle even after

getting injured.

The bird is putting efforts

to make its nest.

All just because of MOTIVATION

• We put efforts because we are motivated to learn

• Two categories of motives

Primary Motives:Motives which are linked with basic

primary needs and associated with biological well being of an individual.

Needs that come under this category: Need for food,water and oxygen. Needs that are fundamental for

survivalNeed to take rest when tiredNeed for being active when restedNeed for regular elimination of waste

products from our body

Need for satisfaction of sexual urgeSecondary Motives:Motives linked with one’s socoi-

psychological needs are known as secondary or psychological motives.

Needs that come under this category:

Need for freedom Need for security Need to achieve Need for affection

Need for recognition Need for companionship Need for self assertion Need for self actualization

The Motivational CycleTension

Achievement Of

Goal

Need

Activity

MotivatedBehaviour

Reduction Of

Tension

SatisfactionOr

Relief

Types of Motivation

Natural/Intrinsic Motivation

Linked with natural instincts

Derives pleasure within the learning

Artificial/Extrinsic Motivation

No functional relationship to the task

Source of pleasure does not lie within the task

Goal l is just pleasure

For instance- I enjoy reading

poetry, so it gives me pleasure and in this way I am naturally motivated to read it.

Goal is not pleasure rather external rewards

For instance-I am doing B.Ed so

that I can appear in HTET/CTET exams, It does not give me pleasure, so I am not naturally motivated. It is a means of attaining desired goal.

Theories of MotivationMcClelland's Theory of Needs

o An individual's specific needs are acquired over time and are shaped by one's life experiences

o Most of these needs can be classified as

Achievement Affiliation Power

o McClelland's theory sometimes is also referred as the three needs theory or as the learned needs theory.

Achievemento People with a high need for

achievement (nAch) seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations.

Achievers avoid low-risk situations because the easily attained success is not a genuine achievement.

Achievers avoid high-risk situations because they see the outcome as one of chance rather than one's own effort.

o High nAch individuals prefer work that has a moderate probability of success, ideally a 50% chance.

o Achievers need regular feedback in order to monitor the progress of their achievements.

o They prefer either to work alone or with other high achievers.

Affiliation• Those with a high need for

affiliation (nAff) need harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by other people.

• They tend to conform to the norms of their work group.

• High nAff individuals prefer work that provides significant personal interaction.

• They perform well in customer service and client interaction situations

Power• A person's need for power (nPow)

can be one of two types: -personal -institutional.

• Those who need personal power want to direct others, and this need often is perceived as undesirable.

• Persons who need institutional power (also known as social power) want to organize the efforts of others to further the goals of the organization.

Maslow’s Theory of Self Actualization Abraham Maslow in 1954 stated

that human needs tend to arrange themselves in hierarchies of prepotency.

o Appearance of one need depends on the satisfaction of the other.

o The physiological needs necessary for survival are at the top.

o A need that has been satisfied is no longer a need.

o Behaviour of a person is always dominated not by his satisfied needs but by his unsatisfied wants, desires and needs.

Self

actualization

Self esteem needs

(competence, approval,

adequacy etc.

Belongingness and love needs(affiliation, acceptance,

affection etc.)

Safety Needs(Security, psychological safety etc.)

Physiological Needs(Food, drink, rest, sleep etc.)