Psychology

The seven perspectives and the people who made them famous

Psychoanalytic

Childhood experiences greatly influence the development of later personality traits and psychological problems.Unconscious / Fears / Desires

FreudJungHorneyAdlerErikson

Humanistic

Emphasizes that each individual has great freedom in directing his/her future, a large capacity for achieving personal growth, intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self-fulfillment.

Phenomenological / Holistic / Self-Actual Needs

Maslow

Rogers

Behavioral

Analyzes how organisms learn new behaviors or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environments reward or punish these behaviors.Learning / Society / Conditioning / Observable / Rewards

PavlovWatsonSkinnerBanduraVygotsky

Cognitive

Focuses on how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel.Thinking / Metacognition / Mental Processes

PiagetSchachterFestigerEbbinghaus

Neurobiological

Examines how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, coping techniques, and other traits and abilities.Nature / Genetics / Neurons / Critical Periods / Brain

BrocaWernickeChomsky

Socio-Cultural

Maintains that behavior and mental processes are shaped not only by prior learning experiences or the unconscious but also by social or cultural context.Culture / Groups / Norms / Roles / Attributions

Kurt LewinZimbardoAschMilgrim

Evolutionary

Shows how heredity along with other evolutionary ideas like fixed action patterns and imprinting affect ultimately our personality and our will to survive.

Heredity / Imprinting / Survival

Chomsky

Darwin