psychology training in minnesota - health.state.mn.us training in minnesota . presented to the merc...
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PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING IN MINNESOTA
Presented to the MERC Advisory Committee February 10, 2014
Trisha A. Stark, Ph.D., LP, MPA Legislative Consultant, Minnesota Psychological Association
Psychologists
• Are health professionals and mental health professionals
• Are trained in psychotherapy or counseling, psychological testing, consultation, research, ethics, and a broad range of psychological phenomena
• Doctoral psychologists are generally considered the most intensively-trained professionals providing psychotherapy/counseling and assessment
Psychologists work in diverse settings, where they provide multiple services
• Clinics • Hospitals • Agencies • Schools • Correctional facilities • Independent practice
Psychology Practice Act • Minnesota Statutes 148.88-
148.98
• Administrative Rules 7200.0110--7200.6105
Scope of Practice • "Practice of psychology" means the observation,
description, evaluation, interpretation, or modification of human behavior by the application of psychological principles, methods, or procedures for any reason, including to prevent, eliminate, or manage symptomatic, maladaptive, or undesired behavior and to enhance interpersonal relationships, work, life and developmental adjustment, personal and organizational effectiveness, behavioral health, and mental health. The practice of psychology includes, but is not limited to, the following services, regardless of whether the provider receives payment for the services:
Scope of Practice, continued • (1) psychological research and teaching of psychology; (2) assessment, including psychological testing and other means of evaluating personal characteristics such as intelligence, personality, abilities, interests, aptitudes, and neuropsychological functioning; (3) a psychological report, whether written or oral, including testimony of a provider as an expert witness, concerning the characteristics of an individual or entity;
Scope of Practice, continued •(4) psychotherapy, including but not limited to, categories such as behavioral, cognitive, emotive, systems, psychophysiological, or insight-oriented therapies; counseling; hypnosis; and diagnosis and treatment of:
• (i) mental and emotional disorder or disability; (ii) alcohol and substance dependence or abuse; (iii) disorders of habit or conduct; (iv) the psychological aspects of physical illness or condition, accident, injury, or disability, including the psychological impact of medications; (v) life adjustment issues, including work-related and bereavement issues;
• (vi) child, family, or relationship issues;
• (5) psychoeducational services and treatment; and • (6) consultation and supervision.
History of Licensure • Prior to 1991, two levels of licensure based upon degree
• LP Licensed Psychologist (Master’s degree)
• LCP Licensed Consulting Psychologist (Doctoral degree)
• 1991 single level licensure requiring doctoral level training
• LP Licensed Psychologist
• 2011 LPP-Licensed Psychological Practitioner sunsets
Some Numbers
• Licensed Psychologists In Minnesota
• 3900 • Approximate New Licensees/Year
• 100 • Mean Age Of Doctoral Psychologists
• 54
Types of Doctoral Training Ph.D./Ed.D.
• Typically based at large Universities
• Careers in academia or clinical practice
• Requires empirical dissertation/thesis
• More prepared to conduct research
• Grants and Fellowships cover most of educational costs
Psy.D. • Typically based in smaller
universities with a few freestanding or on line programs
• Larger class size • Focus on clinical practice • Higher proportion of costs
through student loans • Tend to score lower on
national exam
Recognized Specialties
• Clinical Neuropsychology • Clinical Health Psychology • Psychoanalysis in Psychology • School Psychology • Clinical Psychology • Clinical Child Psychology • Counseling Psychology • Industrial-Organizational Psychology • Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology • Forensic Psychology • Family Psychology • Professional Geropsychology • Police & Public Safety Psychology • Sleep Psychology
Recognized Proficiencies
• Biofeedback: Applied Psychophysiology
• Psychopharmacology • Treatment of Alcohol and Other Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders
• Sport Psychology • Assessment and Treatment of Serious Mental Illness
• Personality Assessment
Estimated Cost: Pre-Doctoral Internship Training
• $37,250 required of sites • $24,000 approximate internship stipend
Based upon information provided by Dr. William Robiner, Licensed Psychologist, Director of Internship Training, University of Minnesota Medical School
Frequency Distribution of Doctoral Psychologists by Age
Based on Board of Psychology 2011
Professional Requirements for Licensure
• Complete coursework at a regionally accredited doctoral program in psychology that meets course requirements for American Psychological Association-accredited programs (see course grid)
• Complete1500 hours of practicum training
• Complete 2000 hour Pre-doctoral internship
Professional Requirements for Licensure
• Complete 2,000 hour supervised post-doctoral training
• Pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP- i.e., national test)
• Pass the Minnesota Board of Psychology Professional Responsibility Exam (PRE; i.e., state test)
11 Counties Without Psychologists Big Stone Kittson Lac Qui Parle Lake of the Woods Mahnomen Murray Norman Red Lake Sibley Traverse
Based on 2011 Data
Psychologists per County
Measure University of
Minnesota University of St.
Thomas Argosy
University Degree Granted Ph.D. Psy.D. Psy.D.
Graduates 2012-2013 1 10 39
Mean years to complete 5.9 years Students enter with
Master's 3.95 years 6.51 years % of original Applicant pool APA accredited internship 86% 29% 26%
# of original applicant pool APPIC 0% 53% 63% % of original applicant pool receiving paid internship 86% 88% 91% %of original applicant pool other internship 0% 6% 0%
% of degreed licensed 2003-2011 48%* 71% 76%
Tuition full time per year $15,008** $23,100 $37,184
Attrition 2012-2013 11% 0% 21%
Attrition % range 2006-2013 0-33% 0-13% 14-26%
Pass rate for EPPP in 2007-2012 91.67% 47.56% 69.15% *graduates often leave the state for faculty positions **most students qualify for fellowships or work-study to cover costs
Students can receive loans Students can receive loans
American Psychological Association Accredited Internship Sites: • Canvas Health • Children’s Hospitals and Clinics • Federal Medical Center- Rochester • Hamm Clinic • Hazelden Foundation • Hennepin County Medical Center • Minnesota VA Health Care System • University of Minnesota Medical School • University of Minnesota, University Counseling & Consulting
Services • State Operated Forensic Services- St. Peter • University of St. Thomas Counseling & Psychological Services • Washburn Center for Children
Funding Sources for APA Internships
Federal
• Veterans Administration Health Center
• Federal Medical Center--Rochester
State
• State Operated Forensic Services- St. Peter
APA-Accredited Internships With No External Support
• Canvas Health • Children’s Hospitals and Clinics • Hamm Clinic • Hazelden Foundation- Center City • Hennepin County Medical Center • U of M Medical School • U of M Counseling Services • Washburn Children’s Services • St. Thomas University Counseling Services
APPIC Member Internships With No External Support
• Arrowhead Psychological Services • Headway Emotional Health Services • Indian Health Board • Mental Health Systems • Minnesota Department of Corrections- Bayport • Minneapolis Internship Consortium • Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Internship Consortium • Minnesota Sex Offender Program- Moose Lake • Natalis Counseling & Psychology Solutions • Nystrom and Associates • Range Mental Health- Hibbing • The Emily Program
Challenges For the Profession of Psychology
• Aging of the profession’s workforce • Limited availability of practicum training sites
• Limited availability of accredited internship sites (nationally, 4200 applicants for 3400 APPIC internship slots)
• Impact of Health Reform and the need for integration
• Need for more psychologists, especially to serve under-served populations (e.g., children, rural, geriatric, diverse communities)
Challenges for the Profession of Psychology
• Agencies can no longer afford to provide post-degree supervision required for licensure
• Greater expense attracts students to other mental health professions requiring only a Master’s degree
• Reimbursement issues for psychological testing and therapy for trainees
Challenges for the Profession of Psychology
• Training is not in step with changes in the health care system
• Debt: Majority of licensed psychologists attend Psy.D. programs (some are for-profit) and incur hefty debt of $50,000 to$120,000
• Mechanisms are needed to expand distribution of psychologists throughout the state
Psychology
• Is critical to health and mental health • Most patient visits to primary care physicians have psychological or behavioral components
• Behavioral adherence is critical to cost-effective care
• Behavioral factors contribute to morbidity (e.g., obesity) and premature mortality
Psychology is an essential health profession
• Like other health professions, psychology deserves state funding to ensure an adequate workforce to meet the needs of Minnesota Citizens, especially underserved populations
