psychotropic medications

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PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS UNDER SUPERVISOR MS : EMAN Prepared by: haifa

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Page 1: Psychotropic medications

PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS

UNDER SUPERVISORMS : EMAN

Prepared by: haifa

Page 2: Psychotropic medications

OUTLINE • outline• OBJECTIVES• Introduction.• Definition Psychotropic Medications.• Classification• Depression meds• Bipolar meds• anxiety meds• Pregnancy and Psychotropic Medications• Breastfeeding and Medication• Meds side effects• Summary• References

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OBJECTIVES Define the term “psychotropic” Describe the psychiatric conditions of: 

depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder

Give examples of psychotropic medications used to treat depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder

State the most important message to convey to pregnant or breastfeeding women—discuss risks and benefits of medication with doctor

Identify web resources for information on pregnancy and breastfeeding and medication

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INTRODUCTIONpsychiatric medication is a licensed psychoactive drug taken to exert an effect on the chemical makeup of the brain and nervous system. Thus, these medications are used to treat mental illnesses. Usually prescribed in psychiatric settings, these medications are typically made of synthetic chemical compounds. Since the mid-20th century, such medications have been leading treatments for a broad range of mental disorders and have decreased the need for long-term hospitalization .

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WHAT ARE PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS?

Psychotropic medications are medications used to treat mental disorders. They may also sometimes be referred to as psychiatric medications or psychotherapeutic medications.

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WHAT TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS CAN BE TREATED WITH MEDICATION?Depression

Bipolar DisorderAnxiety DisordersSchizophreniaADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

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WHAT IS DEPRESSION?Depression is a mood disorder and is likely caused by a combination of genetic, biologic, and environmental factors. In terms of the biologic basis, there is an abnormality in neurotransmitters in the brain. Types of Medications Used to Treat depression :1.Antidepressants are medications commonly used to treat depression.

2.Neurotransmitters are natural chemicals in the brain that affect mood and emotional response. Antidepressant medications work to balance these chemicals.

3.Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine are 3 neurotransmitters that are involved in depression.

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EX : for Medications Used to Treat Depression Disorder :

Generic name

Brand Name

Dosage Side Effects Indications

SERTRALINE Zoloft initiated with a dose of 25 mg once daily. After one week, the

dose should be increased to 50 mg

once daily.

 diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea, insomnia,

loose stools, dizziness,

drowsiness, paresthesia, headache

Treating depression or

OCD

Nursing interventions1.5-RIGHTS2.Explain that anorexia, nausea and vomiting, or irritation may present as transient adverse effects.3. Encourage taking medication with food. Refer to attending practitioner if clinical symptoms do not improve. 

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WHAT IS BIPOLAR DISORDER?Bipolar disorder was formerly called “manic depression”. It is characterized by moods that swing between periods of mania (exaggerated euphoria and/or irritability) and depression. Chemical imbalance is a key component in Bipolar Disorder.

Types of Medications Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder1.Mood Stabilizers (Anticonvulsant or anti-seizure medications are also used as mood stabilizers)2.Atypical Antipsychotics3.Antidepressants

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EX : for Medications Used to Treat Bipolar DisorderGeneric name Brand Name Dosage Side Effects Indications

LITHIUM Lithobid Morning3 tabs(900 mg)

Nighttime3 tabs(900 mg)

irregular pulse, increased frequency of urination,weight gain, and mildly shaking hands 

 to treat manic-depressive disorder (bipolar disorder).

Nursing interventions1.5-RIGHTS2.Monitor pulse to obtain baseline data3.Instruct client to monitor weight on a weekly basis.4. Instrust client to report any changes in urinary frequency and notify attending practitioner of changes.

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WHAT IS AN ANXIETY DISORDER?An excessive or inappropriate state of arousal characterized by feelings of apprehension, uncertainty, or fear. Categories of anxiety disorders include:Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Panic DisorderPhobic DisorderObsessive Compulsive DisorderPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)Separation Anxiety Disorder Types of Medications Used to Treat Anxiety Disorders1.Antidepressants2.Benzodiazepines (Anti-anxiety medications)3.Beta-Blockers (Usually used to treat heart conditions

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EX for Medications Used to Treat Anxiety DisordersGeneric name Brand

NameDosage Side Effects Indications

 ALPRAZOLAM Xanax initiated with a dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg given three times daily. The dose may be increased to 4 mg after 3 to 4 days

Drowsiness, dizziness, increased saliva production,

 to treat anxiety and panic disorders

Nursing interventions1.5-RIGHTS2.Caution client to avoid driving or operating hazardous equipment.3.Give entire daytime dose of medication at bedtime if drowsiness persists.4.Explain that drowsiness is usually a transient symptom.

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PREGNANCY AND PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS

• The most important message to send to a woman who is pregnant and is taking psychotropic medications or is suffering from a psychiatric disorder and is considering medications is that she should Discuss the risks and benefits with her doctor.

• Research on the use of psychotropic medication on pregnant women is limited

• Just because a woman is pregnant does not mean that she cannot take medications or that she should stop taking medications—she needs to discuss the risks and benefits with her doctor

• A woman who is pregnant and taking psychiatric medication should not stop taking the medication unless she consults with her doctor

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BREASTFEEDING AND MEDICATION

Some medication may be passed on to an infant through breast milk. A woman should Always discuss the risks and benefits of taking medication while breastfeeding with her doctor.

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SUMMERY Psychotropic medications : are medications used to treat mental disorders .What Types of Mental Disorders Can be Treated with MedicationDepression,Bipolar Disorder,Anxiety Disorders,SchizophreniaADHD Information about depression medsInformation about bipolar medsInformation about anxity medsPregnancy and Psychotropic MedicationsBreastfeeding and Medication

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WEB RESOURCES:MedEd PPD: http://www.mededppd.org/mothers/MGH Center for Women’s Health:http://www.womensmentalhealth.org/National Institute of Mental Health:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/mental-health-medications/complete-index.shtml

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QUESTIONS?