ptcl case arguments before ac cb pur and his neglect of case law and arguments before dc court

8/4/2019 Ptcl Case Arguments Before Ac Cb Pur and His Neglect of Case Law and Arguments Before Dc Court

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@C VDE AMURV ML KQQ@QQVKCV AMGG@QQ@MCER KV

AD@ANNKBKHK_UR

_VAH ;4/2??<-?9

_EV@V@MCERQ \Q REQ_MCFECVQ

GUC@RKJU & FE\KRKJU @NRKG _KQDK

YR@VVEC KRIUGECVQ MC BEDKHL ML REQ_MCFECV:-

Vde kbmve akse wks l`hef by pet`t`mcers mc 21-?<-2??< by k bkhf pet`t`mc

stkt`ci lmhhmw`ci pm`cts.

;. Vdey ahk`g tm be irkcfsmcs ml Adànnkikcikppk s/m Qktykppk &

Qmctkggk w/m Adànnkikcikppk.

2. Vdey ahk`g tm behmci tm sadefuhe akste.

1. Vdey ahk`g tm dkve imt tde hkcf irkctef v`fe HCF 2190/96-95 fktef

;9-?1-;04;.

6. Vdey ahk`g tde hkcf 1-?? kares ekad `c survey cugber ;?/6< kcf

;?/69 `c Bkhkjìkpkfe irkgk.

5. Vdey ahk`g tdkt mce Guc`ykppk, Ckcjkppk, Qd`vkppk smcs ml

Adànnkikcikppk dkve smhf tde kbmve hkcf w`tdmut tde`r ncmwhefie.

<. Vdey ahk`g tdkt tdere `s 2? yekr cmc khèckt`mc per`mf kcf w`td`c tdkt

per`mf skhe dks beec gkfe v`mhkt`ci skhe amcf`t`mc.

9. Vdey ahk`g tdkt tdrmuid Rei`ster cm. 49?/0<-09 fktef 2<-?<-;00<

klter v`mhkt`ci irkct amcf`t`mc dkve smhf irkctef hkcf.

4. Vde fmaugects kccexef `c suppmrt ml tde pet`t`mc kre tde lmhhmw`ci

k. RVA ml survey cugber ;?/p1; ndktdk cugber 45 kcf GR Cm.

21/0<-09. Fktef 22-?<-2??<.

b. RVA ml survey cugber ;?/p1? ndktdk cugber 2? kcf GR Cm.

0/2??6-?5. Fktef 22-?<-2??<.

a. Akste aert`làkte fktef ;<-?<-2??< i`vec tm Fevkrkjk s/m Ckcjkppk

lmr tkn`ci hmkc.

f. Akste Aert`làkte fktef ;5-?<-2??< i`vec tm Guc`rkju s/m

Guc`ykppk.

e. Irkct Aert`làkte ampy `c tde ckge ml mce Ikcikppk s/m Qktykppk

fktef ;9-?1-;04; , Qurvey cugber: ;?, Bhman cugber 5?, v`fe

HCF Cm. 2190/96-95 fktef 20-;?-;099, FR cm. ;429/;04?-4;

extect 1 kares ?2 iuctks `cahuf`ci ?-?2 iuctks ml put ndkrkb. ;5

yekrs cmc khèckt`mc amcf`t`mc



l. RVA lmr tde yekr ;005-0< lmr Qurvey cugber ;?/6< fktef 22-?9-

;00<.

i. GR 1;/0;-02 fktef 21-?2-;005 lmr survey cugber ;?/6<.

d. Irkct Aert`làkte ampy `c tde ckge ml Qmctkggk w/m

Adànnkikcikppk fktef ;9-?1-;04; , Qurvey cugber: ;?, Bhman

cugber 69, v`fe HCF Cm. 2190/96-95 fktef 20-;?-;099, FR cm.

;42</;04?-4; extect 1 kares ?? iuctks, ;5 yekrs cmc khèckt`mc

amcf`t`mc.

`. Ampy ml I-Vree (\kgsdkvrunsdk) ml mce Adànnkikcikppk ks

stktef by Guc`ykppk fktef ?<-;?-2??5

Vde respmcfect dks tknec tde lmhhmw`ci stkcf `c d`s stktegect.

;. Vde pet`t`mcers ahk`gs kre tmtkhhy fecèf.

2. Vde pet`t`mcers kre fecèf tm be irkcf ad`hfrec ml mr̀ i`ckh irkctees.

1. Vde vkgsdkvrunsdk kcf tde akste aert`làkte kre ahk`gef ks lkhse

lkbràktef amcamatef kcf arektef lmr tde purpmse ml l`h`ci lkhsepet`t`mc.

6. Qkhe Vrkcskat`mc relerref tm `c ahk`gef tm ks —`t fmes cmt v`mhktef kcy

irkct amcf`t`mc‐.

5. Hkcf mrì`ckhhy irkctef tm mce Qr` Ad`nnkikcikppk s/m Qktykppk

geksur`ci 1 kares ks per mrfer fktef 20-;?-;099 v`fe cm. 2190/96-

95.

<. Vde skhe tmmn phkae klter per`mf ml ;5 yekrs lrmg tde irkct t`ge.

F@Q_UVEF LKAVQ:-

;. _et`t`mcers rehkt`mcsd`p w`td irkctee‐s kre f`sputef.

2. Irkctee‐s akste `s cmt kaaeptef ks lrmg fepressef ahkss. _VAH

prmv`s`mcs decae cmt kttrkatef.

1. Irkct amcf`t`mc v`mhkt`mc f`sputef.

_M@CVQ LMR FEVERG@CKV@MC:-

;. Fmes tde hkcf irkctef lmr sadefuhef akste mr sadefuhef tr`be persmc.

2. Fmes tde hkcf irkctef lmr upset pràe mr lree irkct.



1. Fmes tde hkcf irkct amctk`c 2? yekrs cmc khèckt`mc per`mf ks ahk`gef.

6. Fmes tde fmaugects rehèf by pet`t`mcer kre iecu`ce kcf reh`kbhe.

5. Fmes tde pet`t`mc `s gk`ctk`ckbhe `c tde presect lmrg.

<. Fmes tde pet`t`mcer kpprmkadef amurt `c t`ge lmr rehèl.

9. Fmes tde pet`t`mcer dks kpprmkadef amurt w`td ahekc dkcfs.

CMVKBHE FELEAVQ KCF LKAVQ FELEKV@CI _EV@V@MCERQ AHK@GQ KCF

K__H@AKBHE HKY VM QUAD _M@CVQ @C VDE KBM\E AKQE:-

;. Cm pèae ml fmaugect `s phkaef by pet`t`mcers tm sdmw tdkt mrì`ckh

irkctee behmief tm QA mr QV. @c tde akse ml Kbfuh Dkq Qdkgsduff`c

Qkdeb v. Feputy Amgg`ss`mcer, Uttkrk Nkcckfk F`stràt, Nkrwkr kcf

Mrs., belmr Dmc‐bhe Dìd Amurt ml Nkrcktknk Repmrtef `c 2??2(5) Nkr.

H.J. ;?0 dehf tdkt ‘Vm `cvmne tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde _VAH Kat `t gust be

sdmwc tdkt tde hkcf wks irkctef tm k persmc behmci`ci tm Qadefuhef

Akste mr Qadefuhef Vr`be mchy mc tdkt amuct kcf cmt mtderw`se. Vd`s `sgmre sm, s`cae h`ne tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Hkcf Relmrgs Kat kcy persmc

behmci`ci tm e`tder Qadefuhef Akste mr Qadefuhef Vr`be mr evec dìder

ahkss akc ahk`g irkct ml maaupkcay rìdt kcf, `l de sdmws amgph`kcae

w`td tde ceaesskry amcf`t`mcs, de `s ect`thef lmr suad amclergect ml

maaupkcay rìdts mr irkct ml tde hkcf. Kt tdkt stkie, `t `s cmt ceaesskry

tdkt de sdmuhf behmci tm k pkrtàuhkr akste mr amgguc`ty.‗

2. Vde pet`t`mcer dks prmfuaef k amcamatef fmaugect ml mce

Ikcikppk s/m Qktykppk ahk`g`ci `t ks Ad`nnkikcikppk s/m

Qktykppk. @t sdmws pet`t`mcers kre ucsure kbmut tde`r ahk`gef

kcaestmrs rekh`ty. @t sdmws tdey kre ìcmrkct ml tde`r ahk`gef

kcaestmr. Ydetder Ikcikppk mr Adànnkikcikppk `s tde amctrkry

td`cis wdàd `s cmt exphk`cef by pet`t`mcers. Vdey spekn mce td`ci

`c pet`t`mc, tdey prmfuae fmaugects wdàd spekn mtder td`cis.

_hekf`cis kcf prmml wmct tkhhy `c tde`r akse. Vde bksà ruhe ml hkw ml

phekf`cis `s, tdkt k pkrty akc mchy suaaeef kaamrf`ci tm wdkt de dks

khheief kcf prmvef, mtderw`se, mc tde pr`ca`phe ml 'seaucfug khheiktk

kt et prmbktk' k pkrty `s cmt khhmwef tm suaaeef, wdere de dks cmt set

up tde akse wdàd de wkcts tm substkct`kte. Vd`s ruhe tdkt phekf`cis

kcf prmml gust amrrespmcf, rests upmc tde pr`ca`phe tdkt cm pkrty



sdmuhf be prejufàef by be`ci tknec by surpr`se by vkry`ci tde akse

ks mrì`ckhhy set up. Cm kgmuct ml ev`fecae akc be hmmnef `ctm upmc k

phek wdàd wks cever put lmrwkrf. Vde true sampe ml td`s ruhe `s tdkt

ev`fecae het `c mc `ssues mc wdàd tde pkrtès katukhhy wect tm tr`kh

sdmuhf cmt be gkfe tde lmucfkt`mc lmr fea`s`mc ml kcmtder kcf

f`llerect `ssue, wdàd wks cmt presect tm tde g`cfs ml tde pkrtès kcf

mc wdàd tdey dkf cm mppmrtuc`ty ml kffua`ci ev`fecae. @c A.C.

Ckiecfrk Q`cid vs Vde Qpea`kh Feputy Amgg`ss`mcer Kcf Mrs.

(@HR 2??2 NKR 295?) Vde Dmcbhe Dìd amurt ml Nkrcktknk Dehf tdkt :

‘Vde fea`s`mc ml tde Revecue Amurts dks tm be ceaesskr`hy bksef mc

tde ucf`sputef lkats.‗

1. Qurvey cugber ;?/6< `s k irkctef hkcf kcf tde irkct `s gkfe mc

20-;?-;099 v`fe HCF 2190/96-95 kcf tde pmssess`mc `s i`vec mc

;9-?1-;04;, tde skhe `s gkfe by de`rs ml irkctee mc 24-?<-;00<

tdkt `s klter ;5 yekrs 1 gmctds ;; fkys. Vde skhe `s k rei`steref

skhe. Evec `l kcy mce dks beec elleatef by suad skhe `t sdmuhf dkvebeec quest`mcef w`td`c 1 yekrs ks per Krtàhe ;19 ml H`g`tkt`mc kat.

@c Nkghesd Bkbu & Mrs vs Hkjpkt Rk` Qdkrgk & Mrs 2??4 (<) QAR

<51 @t `s wehh setthef tdkt Qeat`mc 1(;) ml tde H`g`tkt`mc Kat aksts k

futy upmc tde amurt tm f`sg`ss k su`t mr kc kppekh mr kc kpphàkt`mc, `l

gkfe klter tde presar`bef per`mf, khtdmuid, h`g`tkt`mc `s cmt set up ks

k felecae. Kpex Amurt `c tde akse ml Nerkhk Qtkte Eheatrà`ty Bmkrf,

Vr`vkcfrug v. V._. Nucdkhùggk K@R ;009 QA 242. Vde Kpex Amurt

dks hk`f fmwc tde hkw tdkt tde t`ge h`g`t ml tdree yekrs presar`bef

ucfer Krtàhe ;19 ml tde H`g`tkt`mc Kat kpphès tm kcy kpphàkt`mc l`hef

ucfer kcy Kat. Jkckrfdkckg _rkskf vs Rkgfks 2??9 (2 ) QAR ;5;

_mssess`mc ml tde su`t hkcf by tde kppehhkct khsm stkcfs kfg`ttef.

Rei`strkt`mc ml k fmaugect ks wehh ks pmssess`mc wmuhf amcst`tute

cmtàe, ks `s ev`fect lrmg Qeat`mc 1 ml tde Vrkcsler ml _rmperty Kat,

;442, wdàd `s `c tde lmhhmw`ci tergs : "...."k persmc `s sk`f tm dkve

cmtàe" ml k lkat wdec de katukhhy ncmws tdkt lkat, mr wdec, but lmr

w`hluh kbstect`mc lrmg kc ecqu`ry mr sekrad wdàd de muidt tm dkve

gkfe, mr irmss ceihìecae, de wmuhf dkve ncmwc `t………… Exphkck`mc

@. Ydere kcy trkcskat`mc rehkt`ci tm `ggmvkbhe prmperty `s requ`ref

by hkw tm be kcf dks beec elleatef by k rei`steref `cstrugect, kcy

persmc kaqu`r`ci suad prmperty mr kcy pkrt ml, mr sdkre mr `cterest `c,



suad prmperty sdkhh be feegef tm dkve cmtàe ml suad `cstrugect ks

lrmg tde fkte ml rei`strkt`mc………. @c tde fea`s`mc `c Qgt F`hbmm vs.

Qgt Fdkcrkj` K@R 2??? QA 1;6< , tde Kpex Amurt dks dehf tdkt

‘wdecever k fmaugect `s rei`steref, tde fkte ml rei`strkt`mc kats ks

tde fkte ml feegef ncmwhefie. @c mtder akses, wdec k lkat amuhf be

f`samveref by fue f`hìecae, tdec feegef ncmwhefie amuhf be

kttr`butef tm tde phk`ct`ll beakuse k pkrty akccmt be khhmwef tm extecf

per`mf ml h`g`tkt`mc by gerehy ahk`g`ci tdkt de dkf cm ncmwhefie.‗

6. Dmwever pet`t`mcers dkve cmt phkaef k pèae ml pkper sdmw`ci tdey

kre tde fesaecfkcts ml mrì`ckh irkctees. @C k akse ml QVKVE ML

B@DKR \s. RKFDK NR@QDCK Q@CID & MRQ. K@R ;041 QA <46 `t wks

mbservef mc I-VREE ks lmhhmws ‘Vde pr`ca`phes imverc`ci suad akses

kre: (`) Iecekhmiès kfg`ttef mr prmvef tm be mhf kcf rehèf mc `c

prev`mus akses kre fmubthess rehevkct kcf `c smge akses gky evec be

amcahus`ve ml tde lkats prmvef, but tdere kre severkh amcs`ferkt`mcs

wdàd gust be nept `c g`cf v`z.: (k) Qmurae ml tde iecekhmiy kcf `tsfepecfkb`h`ty. (b) Kfg`ss`b`h`ty ml tde iecekhmiy ucfer tde Ev`fecae

Kat. (a) K prmper use `c fea`s`mcs mr jufigects mc wdàd reh`kcae `s

phkaef. (f) Kie ml iecekhmiès. (e) H`tìkt`mcs wdere suad iecekhmiès

dkve beec kaaeptef mr rejeatef. (2) Mc tde quest`mc ml

kfg`ss`b`h`ty tde lmhhmw`ci tests gust be kfmptef: (k) Vde

iecekhmiès ml tde lkg`hès amcaercef gust lkhh w`td`c tde lmur-

amrcers ml s. 12(5) mr s. ;1 ml tde Ev`fecae Kat. (b) Vdey gust cmt be

d`t by tde fmatr`ce ml pmst h`teg gmtkg. (a) Vde iecekhmiès mr tde

ahk`gs akccmt be prmvef by rea`tkhs, fepms`t`mcs mr lkats ckrrktef `c

tde jufigect wdàd dkve beec dehf by k hmci amurse ml fea`s`mcs tm be

`ckfg`ss`bhe. (f) Ydere iecekhmiy `s prmvef by mrkh ev`fecae, tde

sk`f ev`fecae gust ahekrhy sdmw spea`kh gekcs ml ncmwhefie

f`sahms`ci tde exkat smurae, t`ge kcf tde a`raugstkcaes ucfer wdàd

tde ncmwhefie `s kaqu`ref, kcf td`s gust be ahekrhy kcf amcahus`vehy

prmvef.‗

5. Hkter arektef fmaugects tm su`t tde`r lkhse ahk`gs fmes cmt f`sahmse

kcytd`ci kbmut tde mrì`ckh irkctee. Ce`tder tde akste aert`làkte

ml pet`t`mcer f`sahmses tdkt tde akste ml irkctee `s skge ks tdkt ml

pet`t`mcer. @C k akse ml QVKVE ML B@DKR \s. RKFDK NR@QDCK Q@CID



& MRQ. K@R ;041 QA <46 `t wks mbservef ks lmhhmws: ‘Kfg`ss`b`h t̀y ml k

fmaugect `s mce td`ci kcf `ts prmbkt`ve vkhue, qu`te kcmtder: k

fmaugect gky be kfg`ss`bhe kcf yet gky cmt akrry kcy amcvàt`mc

kcf weìdt mr `ts prmbkt`ve vkhue gky be c`h. @t `s khsm wehh setthef tdkt

stktegects mr feahkrkt`mcs belmre persmcs ml amgpetect ncmwhefie

gkfe kcte h`teg gmtkg kre reae`vkbhe tm prmve kcaèct rìdts ml k

pubhà mr iecerkh ckture. Vde kfg`ss`b`h`ty ml suad feahkrkt`mcs `s,

dmwever, amcs`ferkbhy weknecef `l `t pertk`cs cmt tm pubhà rìdts but

tm purehy pr`vkte rìdts. @t `s equkhhy wehh setthef tdkt feahkrkt`mcs mr

stktegects gkfe pmst h`teg gmtkg wmuhf cmt be kfg`ss`bhe beakuse

`c akses mr prmaeef`cis tknec mr feahkrkt`mcs gkfe kcte h`teg gmtkg,

tde ehegect ml b`ks kcf amcamat`mc `s eh`g`cktef. Belmre, dmwever, tde

stktegects ml tde ckture gect`mcef kbmve akc be kfg`ss`bhe ks be`ci

kcte h`teg gmtkg tdey gust cmt mchy be belmre tde katukh ex`stecae ml

kcy amctrmversy, but sdmuhf be gkfe evec belmre tde amggecaegect

ml heikh prmaeef`cis. Vd`s pms`t`mc dmwever akccmt dmhf immf ml

stktegects gkfe pmst h`teg gmtkg wdàd wmuhf be ahekrhy`ckfg`ss`bhe `c ev`fecae. Vde reksmc lmr td`s ruhe seegs tm be tdkt

klter k f`spute dks beiuc mr k heikh prmaeef`ci `s kbmut tm amggecae,

tde pmss`b`h`ty ml b`ks, amcamat`mc mr putt`ci up lkhse pheks akccmt be

ruhef mut.‗

<. Mchy tde mhfest uc-f`sputef fmaugects h`ne kcy feahkrkt`mc ml

irkctee kbmut d`s akste fur`ci d`s h`le t`ge akc be best pèae ml

ev`fecae wdàd f`sahmses tde akste ml mrì`ckh irkctee. @c tde

kbsecae ml suad pèae ml ev`fecae, `t akccmt be kssugef mr

presugef `c kcy gkccer. @C k akse ml QVKVE ML B@DKR \s. RKFDK

NR@QDCK Q@CID & MRQ. K@R ;041 QA <46 `t `s mbservef ks lmhhmws: ‘@c

amcs`fer`ci tde mrkh ev`fecae reikrf`ci k pefìree k purehy

gktdegktàkh kpprmkad akccmt be gkfe beakuse wdere k hmci h`ce ml

fesaect dks tm be prmvef sprekf`ci mver k aectury, `t `s' mbv`mus tdkt

tde w`tcesses wdm kre exkg`cef tm fepmse tm tde iecekhmiy wmuhf

dkve tm fepecf mc tde`r spea`kh gekcs ml ncmwhefie wdàd gky dkve

amge tm tdeg tdrmuid tde`r kcaestmrs but, kt tde skge t`ge, tdere `s

irekt r`sn kcf k ser`mus fkcier `cvmhvef `c rehy`ci smhehy mc tde

ev`fecae ml w`tcess i`vec lrmg pure gegmry beakuse tde w`tcess

wdm kre `cterestef cmrgkhhy dkve k tecfecay tm frkw gmre lrmg tde`r



`gki`ckt`mc mr turc kcf tw`st tde lkats wdàd tdey gky dkve dekrf

lrmg tde`r kcaestmrs `c mrfer tm dehp tde pkrtès lmr wdmg tdey kre

fepms`ci. Vde amurt, gust tderelmre skleiukrf tdkt tde ev`fecae ml

suad w`tcess gky cmt be kaaeptef ks `t `s bksef purehy mc `gki`ckt`mc

mr kc `gki`ckry mr `hhusmry smurae ml `clmrgkt`mc rktder tdkc spea`kh

gekcs ml ncmwhefie ks requ`ref by hkw. Vde mrkh test`gmcy mr tde

w`tcess mc td`s gktter `s bmucf tm be dekrsky kcf tde`r ev`fecae `s

kfg`ss`bhe ks kc exaept`mc tm tde iecerkh ruhe wdere dekrsky ev`fecae

`s cmt kfg`ss`bhe. @c tde kpprea`kt`mc ml ev`fecae ml suad w`tcesses,

tde pr`ca`phes tm be bmrce `c g`cf kre: (;) Vde rehkt`mcsd`p mr tde

amcceat`mc dmwever ahmse `t gky be, wdàd tde w`tcess bekrs tm tde

persmcs wdmse pefìree `s smuidt tm be fepmsef by d`g. (2) Vde

ckture kcf adkrkater ml tde spea`kh gekcs ml ncmwhefie tdrmuid

wdàd tde w`tcess dks amge tm ncmw kbmut tde pefìree. (1) Vde

`cterestef ckture ml tde w`tcess amcaercef. (6) Vde preakut`mc wdàd

gust be tknec tm ruhe mut kcy lkhse stktegect gkfe by tde w`tcess

pmst h`teg gmtkg mr mce wdàd `s fer`vef cmt by gekcs ml spea`khncmwhefie but purehy lrmg d`s `gki`ckt`mc, kcf (5) Vde ev`fecae ml

tde w`tcess gust be substkct`khhy amrrmbmrktef ks lkr ks t`ge kcf

gegmry kfg`t.‗

9. Gmremver pet`t`mcer lkhsehy ahk`gs tdkt tde cmc-khèckt`mc per`mf

`s 2? yekrs. Vd`s `s lrkufuhect g`srepresectkt`mc kcf kbuse ml

prmaess ml amurt. Vde lrkuf upmc pkrty `s khsm lrkuf upmc amurt

wdàd ceefs ser`mus amcfegckt`mc. @c Kruc`gk Bkrukd vs Uc`mc ml

@cf`k & Mrs 2??9 (<) saa ;2? ‘@t `s tr`te hkw tdkt sm ks tm eckbhe tde

amurt tm reluse tm exera`se `ts f`saret`mckry jur`sfàt`mc suppress`mc

gust be ml gkter`kh lkat. Ydkt wmuhf be k gkter`kh lkat, suppress`mc

wdereml wmuhf f`sect`the tde kppehhkct tm mbtk`c k f`saret`mckry rehèl,

wmuhf fepecf upmc tde lkats kcf a`raugstkcaes ml ekad akse. Gkter`kh

lkat wmuhf gekc gkter`kh lmr tde purpmse ml feterg`ckt`mc ml tde h`s,

tde hmiàkh amrmhhkry wdereml wmuhf be tdkt wdetder tde skge wks

gkter`kh lmr irkct mr fec`kh ml tde rehèl. @l tde lkat suppressef `s cmt

gkter`kh lmr feterg`ckt`mc ml tde h`s betweec tde pkrtès, tde amurt

gky cmt reluse tm exera`se `ts f`saret`mckry jur`sfàt`mc. @t `s khsm tr`te

tdkt k persmc `cvmn`ci tde f`saret`mckry jur`sfàt`mc ml tde amurt

akccmt be khhmwef tm kpprmkad `t w`td k pk`r ml f`rty dkcfs.‗



4. Khtdmuid bmtd survey cugbers (;?/6< & ;?/69) kre gect`mcef `c

tde kpphàkt`mc/_et`t`mc. Mchy tde skhe feef w`td Rei`strkt`mc cm.

49?/0<-09 `s be`ci adkhhecief by tde pet`t`mcer. Vde skhe feef

amvers mchy Qurvey cugber ;?/6< , hkter cugber ;?/p25 kcf

presect survey cugber ;54. Vde revecue reamrfs prmfuaef by

pet`t`mcer `s tdkt ml ;?/p1;(RVA), ;?/p1?(RVA), ;?/5?(IRKCV

AERV@L@AKVE), ;?/69(IRKCV AERV@L@AKVE), wdàd kre `rrehevkct

reamrfs, tde rest ml tde reamrfs fmes cmt prmve kcy kspeats. Vde

ahk`gs gkfe by pet`t`mcer d`gsehl ucfer irekt suspà`mus gmfe

kcf decae h`kbhe tm be f`sg`ssef. @t `s n`cfhy brmuidt tm tde n`cf

kttect`mc ml Dmc‐bhe amurt tde mbservkt`mcs ml Quprege amurt `c VDE

QVKVE ML KCFDRK _RKFEQD & KCMVDER \. V.QURPKADKCFRK RKM,

^(2??5) < QAA ;60W, wdere`c tde Dmcmurkbhe Quprege Amurt dks

mbservef ks lmhhmws: " "Lrkuf" ks `s wehh ncmwc v`t`ktes every smhegc

kat. Lrkuf kcf justàe cever fwehh tmietder. Lrkuf `s k amcfuat e`tder

by hetter mr wmrfs, wdàd `cahufes tde mtder persmc mr kutdmr`ty tmtkne k fel`c`te feterg`ckt`ve stkcf ks k respmcse tm tde amcfuat ml tde

lmrger e`tder by wmrfs mr hetter. @t `s khsm wehh setthef tdkt

g`srepresectkt`mc `tsehl kgmucts tm lrkuf. @cfeef, `ccmaect

g`srepresectkt`mc gky khsm i`ve reksmc tm ahk`g rehèl kik`cst lrkuf. K

lrkufuhect g`srepresectkt`mc `s akhhef feae`t kcf amcs`sts `c hekf`ci k

gkc `ctm fkgkie by w`hhluhhy mr reanhesshy akus`ci d`g tm behève kcf

kat mc lkhsedmmf. @t `s k lrkuf `c hkw `l k pkrty gknes represectkt`mcs,

wdàd de ncmws tm be lkhse, kcf `cjury ecures tderelrmg khtdmuid tde

gmt`ve lrmg wdàd tde represectkt`mcs prmaeefef gky cmt dkve beec

bkf. Kc kat ml lrkuf mc amurt `s khwkys vèwef ser`mushy. K amhhus`mc mr

amcsp`rkay w`td k vèw tm fepr`ve tde rìdts ml tde mtders `c rehkt`mc

tm k prmperty wmuhf recfer tde trkcskat`mc vm`f kb `c`t`m.

0. @t akc be seec tdkt lmr survey cugber ;?/6< kcf ;?/69 k persmcs

by ckge mce Ckrkykckswkgy & Gkcjucktdk , ahk`g`ci tm be

irkcfsmcs ml mce Rkgkppk s/m Qktykppk kcf nkfkrkggk w/m

Rkgkppk a hk`gs tm dkve beec irkctee‐s ml tde skge hkcf v`fe _VAH

;9/?<-?9 belmre td`s Dmc‐bhe amurt . Vde vers`mcs ml bmtd tde

pet`t`mcs akc be amgpkref tdere `s cm f`llerecae `c kcy wmrfs



exaept tdkt ml pkrtès ckges kcf adkhhecief skhe feef cugber.

L`h`ci fkte `s skge. Vd`s sdmws smge amhhus`ve kttegpt by bmtd

tdese pkrtès. @c tdese fkys `t `s mc `carekse ml tde dkb`ts ml severkh

`gpersmckt`ci/làt`t`mus pemphe tm g`suse tde hkw kcf amurt

prmaess w`td lkhse kcf g`shekf`ci represectkt`mcs lmr tde`r

persmckh ik`cs tdrmuid bhkangk`h`ci tkatàs kcf setthegects.

Justàe QreefdkrRkm ml Nkrcktknk Dìd Amurt `c _ecck`kd Kcf Mrs. vs

Vd`ppkggk K@R 2??6 Nkct 666 dks dehf tdkt ‘Ydec tde fmaugects ml

t`the rehèf mc by tde phk`ct`ll fmes cmt amrrespmcf w`td tde su`t

sadefuhe prmperty kcf `c tde kbsecae ml ceaesskry phekf`ci kcf prmml,

tde kppehhkte Amurt wks wrmci `c feahkr`ci tde t`the ml tde phk`ct`ll.

Gky be tdkt tde felecfkct dks cmt prmvef t`the ml d`s vecfmr, but,

cmcetdehess tde felecfkct `s dehf tm be `c pmssess`mc ml tde su`t

prmperty, wdec tde phk`ct`ll dks lk`hef tm prmve t`the, de wmuhf cmt be

ect`thef tm rehèl ml pmssess`mc `rrespeat`ve ml tde vkh`f t`the ml tde

felecfkct. @c tdkt vèw ml tde gktter> tde kpprea`kt`mc ml lkats kcf

ev`fecae kcf tde `clerecae frkwc `s perverse kcf amctrkry tm hkw kcfev`fecae mc reamrf.‗

;?. Vde pet`t`mc `s cmt l`hef ks per tde Ruhe kpphàkbhe. Fesp`te

respmcfects mbjeat`mcs kcf fesp`te represectkt`mc by hekrcef

kfvmakte mc bedkhl ml pet`t`mcers s`fe, pet`t`mcers lk`hef tm amgphy

tde ruhe ml hkw. Mc td`s amuct pet`t`mc `s h`kbhe tm be f`sg`ssef.

Nkrcktknk Qadefuhef Akstes kcf Qadefuhef Vr`bes (_VAH) Ruhes ;090

were tm be lmhhmwef belmre `ssu`ci cmtàe tm khècee. But `c td`s akse

suad ruhe dks cmt beec lmhhmwef. Vde cmc lmhhmw`ci ml suad ruhes

`tsehl sdmws pet`t`mcers dkve cmt kpprmkadef amurt w`td ahekc dkcfs

kcf tdey dkve exera`sef lrkuf mc tde kutdmr`ty by l`h`ci kc `camgphete

pet`t`mc wdàd `s v`mhkt`ve ml ruhes. HKY AHKR@L@AKV@MC:- Vde

Nkrcktknk Imvercgect a`rauhkr fktef 25-?<-;041 v`fe A`rauhkr

Cugber RF 1; HI_ 41 Y`td k Qubjeat ml @gphegectkt`mc ml Dìd

Amurt Mrfer fktef ;?-;-;041. @c Y._.Cms. ;?<96, ;?9;?, ;6?2<,

;<610. ;4462, 22149, 21?26 ML ;04?, 125?, ;95<9 kcf ;95<4 ml

;04; ;<<<1 kcf ;9;?; tm ;9;?1 ml ;042 ‑ Quiiest`mcs gkfe by tde

F`v`s`mc Becad, reikrf`ci tde sgmmtd kcf prmper `gphegectkt`mc ml

tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Nkrcktknk Qadefuhef Akstes kcf Qadefuhef

Vr`bes (_VAH) Kat, ;094 ‑@t dks beec brmuidt tm tde cmtàe ml



Imvercgect tdkt k hkrie cugber ml khècess tdkt dkf reae`vef sdmw

akuse cmtàes lrmg tde Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcers ml tde kreks mr tde

mrfers gkfe by tdeg, adkhhecief tde vkh`f`ty ml tde Nkrcktknk

Qadefuhef Akstes kcf Qadefuhef Vr`bes Kat, ;094, tde sdmw akuse

cmtàes mr tde mrfers tdere tm gkfe kik`cst tdeg. Vde pet`t`mcers

kik`cst wdmg l`ckh mrfers dkve beec gkfe by tde respeat`ve Kss`stkct

Amgg`ss`mcers dkve adkhhecief tde Kat kcf tde mrfers gkfe kik`cst

tdeg. @t `s khsm pm`ctef mut tdkt `c gmst ml tde akses tde sdmw akuse

cmtàes `ssuef tm tde khècees tde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcers fm cmt set

mut kcy ml tde fetk`hs requ`ref by tde Ruhes. Belmre `ssu`ci tde sdmw

akuse cmtàes tm tde khècees, `t `s prmper lmr tde Kss`stkct

Amgg`ss`mcers tm amhheat khh suad `clmrgkt`mc ks tdey akc kcf ahekrhy

set mut khh tde irmucfs mc wdàd tde khèckt`mc `s prmpmsef tm be

kccuhef, sm tdkt tde khècee akc skt`slkatmr`hy stkte d`s akse khsm belmre

tde kutdmr`ty. Vde sdmw akuse cmtàe gust be k sehl-amctk`cef mce,

i`v`ci irmucfs lmr prmaeef`cis kik`cst tde khècee tde ckture ml

v`mhkt`mc ml tde prmv`s`mcs ml Hkw kcf tde purpmse lmr wdàd tdecmtàe `s `ssuef kcf tm sdmw akuse wdy tde skhe trkcskat`mc sdmuhf cmt

be dehf vm`f. Vde cmtàe sdmuhf khsm amctk`c pkttkfkr, tde amcf`t`mcs

kttkadef tm `t kcf tde v`mhkt`mcs ml tde amcf`t`mcs `c td`s skhe, sdmuhf

be spea`làkhhy gect`mcef sm tdkt k reksmckbhe mppmrtuc`ty wmuhf

dkve beec i`vec tm tde khècee tm exphk`c d`s pms`t`mc d`s pms`t`mc `c

ahekr tergs………………..‗.

;;. Vde pet`t`mc `s kaamgpkcèf by Termx ampès ml severkh fmaugects.

Vdmse fmaugects cmt mchy reh`kbhe kcf pet`t`mcer gkfe cm ellmrt tm

suggmc mrì`ckh fmaugects. Hkpse mc tde pkrt ml pet`t`mcer tm

lmhhmw tde hkw ml hkcf fmes cmt ect`the d`g lmr kcy rehèl. Vde Termx

ampy ml fmaugects subg`ttef by pet`t`mcers sdmw tdkt mce

Ikcik ppk‐s hkcf `c phmt cugber ;?/5? fmaugect `s prmfuaef tm

ahk`g hkcf `c phmt ;?/6<. Vde persmc Ikcikppk s/m Qktykppk `s

f`llerect lrmg Adànnkikcikppk s/m sktykppk. HKY

AHKR@L@AKV@MC:- Imvercgect ml Nkrcktknk v`fe `ts a`rauhkr fktef 1;-

?5-;00? `c A`rauhkr cugber: RF 09 HI_ 0? dkve spea`làkhhy f`reatef

cmt tm kaaept pdmtmstkt ampès ml fmaugects presectef by tde pr`vkte

pkrtès tm tkne `gpmrtkct fea`s`mcs, w`tdmut ver`ly`ci tde mrì`ckhs tm

skt`sly ks tm tde kutdectà`ty ml tde fmaugect. Vde a`rauhkr skys h`ne



td`s ‘@t dks amge tm tde cmtàe ml Imvercgect, tdkt tde lèhf heveh

Mllàers amg`ci ucfer tde amctrmh ml Revecue Fepkrtgect, h`ne

Qtkgps kcf Rei`strkt`mc Fepkrtgect, Qurvey Qetthegect kcf Hkcf

Reamrfs Fepkrtgect, Guzrk` kcf wknl Fepkrtgect kcf mtder

fepkrtgects kre kaaept`ci pdmtmstkt ampès ml fmaugects presectef

by tde pr`vkte pkrtès kcf kre tkn`ci `gpmrtkct fea`s`mcs, w`tdmut

ver`ly`ci tde mrì`ckhs tm skt`sly ks tm tde kutdectà`ty ml tde

fmaugect. Qubsequect `cvestìkt`mc dks revekhef tdkt gmst ml tde

fmaugects were bmius kcf arektef by tde pkrtès. Vd`s prkatàe `s

iecerkhhy cmtàef `c rei`ster`ci tde Revecue Q`tes rmucf kbmut

Bkcikhmre A`ty. Vd`s dks tm be stmppef lmrtdw`td ks mtderw`se pkrtès

wmuhf evkfe tde heikh prmv`s`mcs w`td `gpuc`ty kcf khsm gky resuht `c

dekvy hmss ml tde revecue tm Imvercgect. @t `s, tderelmre, `cstruatef

tdkt tde pdmtmstkt ampès ml tde fmaugect `s cmt k heikh ev`fecae kcf

sdmuhf cmt be kaaeptef `c kcy prmaeef`cis uchess pkrtès prmfuae

s`guhtkcemushy tde mrì`ckh tdereml. Vde Mllàer kaaept`ci tdese

fmaugects skt`sly d`gsehl klter ver`ly`ci tde mrì`ckh ks tm tdekutdcectà`ty kcf put k aert`làkte tm tdkt elleat mc tde pdmtmstkt ampy

ml tde fmaugect. Vd`s prmaefure sdmuhf be lmhhmwef saruphmushy. Kcy

hkpse `c lmhhmw`ci td`s prmaefure w`hh be vèwef ser`mushy kcf gkne

mllàer respmcs`bhe lmr tde g`sfeef.‗

;2. Vde Nkrcktknk Imvercgect a`rauhkr fktef ;<-?4-;005 `c A`rauhkr

Cm: RF 09 HI_ 46 skys tdkt ‘Vde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcers kcf

Feputy Amgg`ss`mcers kre f`reatef tm lmhhmw tde i`vec `cstruat`mcs

sarupuhmushy wd`he fea`f`ci suad akses by qumt`ci Quprege amurt

fea`s`mc. Vde Quprege Amurt wd`he updmhf`ci tde vkh`f`ty ml tde Kat

dks gkfe lmhhmw`ci mbservkt`mcs, ckgehy:- "Vdmuid we dkve amge tm

tde amcahus`mc tdkt tde Kat `s vkh`f, yet, `c mur mp`c`mc, we dkve tm

gkne aertk`c kspeats ahekr. Irkctef hkcfs wdàd dkf beec trkcslerref

klter tde exp`ry ml tde per`mf ml prmd`b`t`mc fm cmt amge w`td`c tde

purvèw ml tde Kat, kcf akccmt be prmaeefef kik`cst ucfer tde

prmv`s`mcs ml td`s Kat. Vde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat gkne td`s pms`t`mc

ahekr, ks Qs. 6 kcf 5 beamge kpphàkbhe mchy wdec irkctef hkcfs kre

trkcslerref `c brekad ml tde amcf`t`mc rehkt`ci tm prmd`b`t`mc mc

trkcsler ml suad irkctef hkcfs. Irkctef hkcfs trkcslerref belmre tde

amggecaegect ml tde Kat kcf cmt `c amctrkvect`mc ml prmd`b`t`mc mc



trkcsler kre ahekrhy beymcf tde sampe kcf purvèw ml tde presect Kat.

Khsm `c akse wdere irkctef hkcfs dkf beec trkcslerref belmre tde

amggecaegect ml tde Kat `c v`mhkt`mc tde amcf`t`mc reikrf`ci

prmd`b`t`mc mc suad trkcsler kcf tde trkcsleree wdm dkf `c`t`khhy

kaqu`ref mchy k vm`fkbhe t`the `c suad irkctef hkcfs dkf perleatef d`s

t`the `c tde irkctef hkcfs by presar`pt`mc by hmci kcf amct`cumus

ecjmygect tdereml `c kaamrfkcae w`td hkw belmre tde amggecaegect

ml tde Kat, suad irkctef hkcfs wmuhf khsm cmt amge w`td`c tde purvèw

ml tde presect Kat, ks tde t`the ml suad trkcslerees tm tde irkctef hkcfs

dks beec perleatef belmre tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat. Q`cae kt tde

fkte ml tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat tde t`the ml suad trkcslerees dkf

aeksef tm be vm`fkbhe by reksmc ml kaqu`s`t`mc ml presar`pt`ve rìdts

mc kaamuct ml hmci kcf amct`cuef user lmr tde requ`s`te per`mf, tde

t`the ml suad trkcslerees amuhf cmt be recferef vm`f by v`rtue ml tde

prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat w`tdmut v`mhkt`ci tde amcst`tut`mckh iukrkctee.

Ye gust, tderelmre, rekf fmwc tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat by dmhf`ci

tdkt tde Kat w`hh kpphy tm trkcslers ml irkctef hkcfs gkfe `c brekad mltde amcf`t`mc `gpms`ci prmd`b`t`mc mc trkcsler ml irkctef hkcfs mchy

`c tdmse akses wdere tde t`the kaqu`ref by tde trkcsleree wks st`hh

vm`fkbhe kt tde fkte ml tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat kcf dkf cmt hmst

`ts feleks`bhe adkrkater kt tde fkte wdec tde Kat akge `ctm lmrae.

Vrkcslerees ml irkctef hkcfs kcf cmt dkv`ci k perleatef kcf cmt k

vm`fkbhe t`the kt tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat gust be dehf tm be

muts`fe tde pkhe ml tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat. Q.6 ml tde Kat gust be sm

amcstruef ks cmt tm dkve tde elleat ml recfer`ci vm`f tde t`the ml kcy

trkcsleree wdàd wks cmt vm`fkbhe kt tde fkte ml tde amggecaegect

ml tde Kat".

;1. _EV@V@MCER DKQ CMV LMHHMYEF VDE LMHHMY@CI RUHE : Ucfer

tde Nkrcktknk Qadefuhef Akstes kcf Qadefuhef Vr`bes (_rmd`b`t`mc ml

Vrkcsler ml Aertk`c Hkcfs) Ruhes, ;090. Ruhe 1(;) tm (1) skys

1. Resugpt`mc kcf rest`tut`mc ml irkctef hkcfs:-

(;) Every kpphàkt`mc by kcy `cterestef persmc ucfer seat`mc 5 sdkhh be `c

lmrg-@.

(2) Mc reae`pt ml kc kpphàkt`mc mr `clmrgkt`mc ucfer sub-seat`mc (;) ml

seat`mc 5, tde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcer gky f`reat tde kpphàkct mr `clmrgkct,

ks tde akse gky be, tm lurc`sd suad lurtder pkrtàuhkrs mr `clmrgkt`mc ks gky

be requ`ref kcf l`x k fkte lmr lurc`sd`ci tde skge.



(1) Klter reae`pt ml tde pkrtàuhkrs mr `clmrgkt`mc `l kcy, akhhef lmr ucfer

sub:- ruhe (2), tde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcer sdkhh, by k cmtàe `c lmrg @@,

requ`re tde persmc mr persmcs `c pmssess`mc ml tde irkctef hkcf tm l`he

mbjeat`mcs, tm tde ahk`g w`td fmaugectkry ev`fecae, `l kcy, w`td`c suad

reksmckbhe t`ge, ks tde kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcer gky td`cn l`t `c tde

a`raugstkcaes ml tde akse.

LMRG @

^Qee ruhe 1 (2)W

K__H@AKV@MC

;. Ckge ml tde kpphàkct (irkctee) w`td luhh kffress.

2. Ckture ml tde hkcf. `.e., ikrfec mr wet mr fry w`td kssessgect. Extect

1. Fetk`hs ml tde hkcf. \`hhkie/ Qurvey Vkhun Cugbers Kares Iuctks

6. Ckge (s) ml tde puradkser mr exadkcier mr gmrtikier mr heksee eta. ks tde

akse gky be, (w`td luhh kffress).

5. Ckture ml kaqu`r`ci tde Hkcf by tde irkctee (`.e. E`tder irkctef ucfer

Fdkr- nkst ruhes mr mtder spea`kh Ruhes w`td Mrfer Cm. kcf Fkte ml skcat`mc)

<. Vmtkh kgmuct lmr wdàd tde Irkctef hkcf dks beec F`spmsef kcf

pkrtàuhkrs ml tde rei`steref fmaugect, ̀ l kcy.

9. Brèl reksmcs lmr tde f`spmskh.

4. Kcy mtder rehevect `clmrgkt`mc `c suppmrt ml tde ahk`g.

;6. L`h`ci pet`t`mc w`td lkbràktef fmaugects `s amcfegcef by Dìd

amurt ml Nkrcktknk `c ser`mus wmrfs. @c Ayr`h F'Qmuzk vs _mcnrk

Guierk Kcf Mtders ;004 (;) NkrHJ <50, Justàe D C V`hdkr` ‘Vd`s wr`t

pet`t`mc dks imt cm ger`ts kcf `t, `c gy mp`c`mc sdmuhf be f`sg`ssef

w`td k cmte ml akut`mc tm tde gegbers ml tde Bkr kcf tde Amucseh ml

tde pet`t`mcer ks wehh, tdkt `c luture, tde Amucsehs sdmuhf be very

akut`mus `c frklt`ci, l`h`ci tde pet`t`mcs, kll`fkv`t eta. kcf see tdkt tde

pkrtès fm cmt l`he wr`t pet`t`mcs eta. w`td purief kcf lmrief

fmaugects, mtderw`se, tdey gky dkve tm lkae tde ser`mus

amcsequecaes. @cstekf, td`s pet`t`mc kppekrs tm be kc kttegpt ml tde

pet`t`mcer tm prmaure smge mrfer lrmg tde Amurt mc tde bks`s ml kc

kireegect wdàd pr`gk lkaè kppekrs tm be kc kcte-fktef fmaugect

prepkref klter tdkt fkte kcf `t pr`gk lkaè sdmws tdkt k lkhse

fmaugect dks beec l`hef w`td lkhse khheikt`mcs, beakuse `l pet`t`mcer

wmuhf dkve beec `c pmssess`mc, peckhty wmuhf dkve beec rekh`sef

lrmg d`g, tde khheikt`mcs `c tde pet`t`mc tdkt tde pet`t`mcer dkf beec

`c pmssess`mc kcf tde fkte ml irkct khsm kppekrs tm be lkhse. L`h`ci k

lkhse kll`fkv`t kcf l`h`ci lmrief fmaugect, ks per hkw hk`f fmwc by tde



Quprege Amurt `s cmtd`ci but kc kat `hheikh, `cterler`ci w`td tde

prmper kfg`c`strkt`mc ml justàe kcf `t pr`gk lkaè gknes mut k akse

lmr amctegpt.‗

Yderelmre tde Dmc‐bhe amurt gky be pheksef tm f`sg`ss tde pet`t`mc mlpet`t`mcer ks cmt gk`ctk`ckbhe `c vèw ml heikh pm`cts ks ehà`tef kbmve.

Fkte

_hkae: Adànnkbkhhkpur Kfvmakte lmr Respmcfect



@C VDE AMURV ML FE_UVP AMGG@QQ@MCER KV

AD@ANNKBKHK_UR

_VAH (K) /2?;;-;2

K__EHHKCV \Q REQ_MCFECVQ

@NRKG _KQDK GUC@RKJU & FE\KRKJU

YR@VVEC KRIUGECVQ MC BEDKHL ML K__EHHKCV:-

Vd`s akse `s kc kppekh mver tde mrfers ml _VAH ;4/2??<-?9 fktef 1;-?;-2?;;

mc tde l`he ml Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcer Adànnkbkhkpur. Vde _VAH ;4/2??<-?9

akse wks l`hef by respmcfects mc 21-?<-2??< by k bkhf pet`t`mc stkt`ci

lmhhmw`ci pm`cts.

0. Vdey ahk`g tm be irkcfsmcs ml Adànnkikcikppk s/m Qktykppk &

Qmctkggk w/m Adànnkikcikppk.

;?. Vdey ahk`g tm behmci tm sadefuhe akste.

;;. Vdey ahk`g tm dkve imt tde hkcf irkctef v`fe HCF 2190/96-95 fktef

;9-?1-;04;.

;2. Vdey ahk`g tde hkcf 1-?? kares ekad `c survey cugber ;?/6< kcf

;?/69 `c Bkhkjìkpkfe irkgk.

;1. Vdey ahk`g tdkt mce Guc`ykppk, Ckcjkppk, Qd`vkppk smcs ml

Adànnkikcikppk dkve smhf tde kbmve hkcf w`tdmut tde`r ncmwhefie.

;6. Vdey ahk`g tdkt tdere `s 2? yekr cmc khèckt`mc per`mf kcf w`td`c tdkt

per`mf skhe dks beec gkfe v`mhkt`ci skhe amcf`t`mc.

;5. Vdey ahk`g tdkt tdrmuid Rei`ster cm. 49?/0<-09 fktef 2<-?<-;00<

klter v`mhkt`ci irkct amcf`t`mc dkve smhf irkctef hkcf.

;<. Vde fmaugects kccexef `c suppmrt ml tde pet`t`mc kre tde lmhhmw`ci

j. RVA ml survey cugber ;?/p1; ndktdk cugber 45 kcf GR Cm.

21/0<-09. Fktef 22-?<-2??<.

n. RVA ml survey cugber ;?/p1? ndktdk cugber 2? kcf GR Cm.

0/2??6-?5. Fktef 22-?<-2??<.

h. Akste aert`làkte fktef ;<-?<-2??< i`vec tm Fevkrkjk s/m Ckcjkppk

lmr tkn`ci hmkc.

g. Akste Aert`làkte fktef ;5-?<-2??< i`vec tm Guc`rkju s/m

Guc`ykppk.

c. Irkct Aert`làkte ampy `c tde ckge ml mce Ikcikppk s/m Qktykppk

fktef ;9-?1-;04; , Qurvey cugber: ;?, Bhman cugber 5?, v`fe



HCF Cm. 2190/96-95 fktef 20-;?-;099, FR cm. ;429/;04?-4;

extect 1 kares ?2 iuctks `cahuf`ci ?-?2 iuctks ml put ndkrkb. ;5

yekrs cmc khèckt`mc amcf`t`mc

m. RVA lmr tde yekr ;005-0< lmr Qurvey cugber ;?/6< fktef 22-?9-

;00<.

p. GR 1;/0;-02 fktef 21-?2-;005 lmr survey cugber ;?/6<.

q. Irkct Aert`làkte ampy `c tde ckge ml Qmctkggk w/m

Adànnkikcikppk fktef ;9-?1-;04; , Qurvey cugber: ;?, Bhman

cugber 69, v`fe HCF Cm. 2190/96-95 fktef 20-;?-;099, FR cm.

;42</;04?-4; extect 1 kares ?? iuctks, ;5 yekrs cmc khèckt`mc

amcf`t`mc.

r. Ampy ml I-Vree (\kgsdkvrunsdk) ml mce Adànnkikcikppk ks

stktef by Guc`ykppk fktef ?<-;?-2??5

Vde respmcfect `c tdkt akse kcf kppehhkct dere`c dks tknec tde lmhhmw`ci

stkcf `c d`s stktegect.

9. Vde pet`t`mcers ahk`gs kre tmtkhhy fecèf.

4. Vde pet`t`mcers kre fecèf tm be irkcf ad`hfrec ml mr̀ i`ckh irkctees.

0. Vde vkgsdkvrunsdk kcf tde akste aert`làkte kre ahk`gef ks lkhse

lkbràktef amcamatef kcf arektef lmr tde purpmse ml l`h`ci lkhse

pet`t`mc.

;?. Qkhe Vrkcskat`mc relerref tm `c ahk`gef tm ks —`t fmes cmt v`mhktef kcy

irkct amcf`t`mc‐.

;;. Hkcf mrì`ckhhy irkctef tm mce Qr` Ad`nnkikcikppk s/m Qktykppk

geksur`ci 1 kares ks per mrfer fktef 20-;?-;099 v`fe cm. 2190/96-

95.

;2. Vde skhe tmmn phkae klter per`mf ml ;5 yekrs lrmg tde irkct t`ge.

F@Q_UVEF LKAVQ:-

6. _et`t`mcers rehkt`mcsd`p w`td irkctee‐s kre f`sputef.

5. Irkctee‐s akste `s cmt kaaeptef ks lrmg fepressef ahkss. _VAH

prmv`s`mcs decae cmt kttrkatef.

<. Irkct amcf`t`mc v`mhkt`mc f`sputef.



_M@CVQ LMR FEVERG@CKV@MC:-

4. Fmes tde hkcf irkctef lmr sadefuhef akste mr sadefuhef tr`be persmc.

0. Fmes tde hkcf irkctef lmr upset pràe mr lree irkct.

;?. Fmes tde hkcf irkct amctk`c 2? yekrs cmc khèckt`mc per`mf ks ahk`gef.

;;. Fmes tde fmaugects rehèf by pet`t`mcer kre iecu`ce kcf reh`kbhe.

;2. Fmes tde pet`t`mc `s gk`ctk`ckbhe `c tde presect lmrg.

;1. Fmes tde pet`t`mcer kpprmkadef amurt `c t`ge lmr rehèl.

;6. Fmes tde pet`t`mcer dks kpprmkadef amurt w`td ahekc dkcfs.

@csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve lkats tm tde cmtàe ml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer,

de dks mverhmmnef tde kbmve amctect`mcs `c tde `gpucief mrfer.

VDE LMHHMY@CI HEIKH FELEAVQ KCF FRKYBKANQ YERE CMV VKNEC

@CVM AMCQ@FERKV@MC BP VDE KQQ@QVKCV AMGG@QQ@MCER YD@HE

_RMCMUCA@CI D@Q MRFER, @CQ_@VE ML BR@CI@CI GKVVERQ @CVM D@Q

AMCQ@FERKV@MC BP YKP ML YR@VVEC KRIUGECVQ:-

;5. Cm pèae ml fmaugect `s phkaef by respmcfects belmre tde hmwer

amurt tm sdmw tdkt mrì`ckh irkctee behmief tm QA mr QV. @c tde akse

ml Kbfuh Dkq Qdkgsduff`c Qkdeb v. Feputy Amgg`ss`mcer, Uttkrk

Nkcckfk F`stràt, Nkrwkr kcf Mrs., belmr Dmc‐bhe Dìd Amurt ml

Nkrcktknk Repmrtef `c 2??2(5) Nkr. H.J. ;?0 dehf tdkt ‘Vm `cvmne tde

prmv`s`mcs ml tde _VAH Kat `t gust be sdmwc tdkt tde hkcf wks irkctef

tm k persmc behmci`ci tm Qadefuhef Akste mr Qadefuhef Vr`be mchy mc

tdkt amuct kcf cmt mtderw`se. Vd`s `s gmre sm, s`cae h`ne tde prmv`s`mcs

ml tde Hkcf Relmrgs Kat kcy persmc behmci`ci tm e`tder Qadefuhef

Akste mr Qadefuhef Vr`be mr evec dìder ahkss akc ahk`g irkct ml

maaupkcay rìdt kcf, `l de sdmws amgph`kcae w`td tde ceaesskry

amcf`t`mcs, de `s ect`thef lmr suad amclergect ml maaupkcay rìdts mr

irkct ml tde hkcf. Kt tdkt stkie, `t `s cmt ceaesskry tdkt de sdmuhf

behmci tm k pkrtàuhkr akste mr amgguc`ty.‗

;<. Vde pet`t`mcers `c hmwer amurt dks prmfuaef k amcamatef fmaugect

ml mce Ikcikppk s/m Qktykppk ahk`g`ci `t ks Ad`nnkikcikppk s/m

Qktykppk. @t sdmws respmcfects kre ucsure kbmut tde`r ahk`gef

kcaestmrs rekh`ty. @t sdmws tdey kre ìcmrkct ml tde`r ahk`gef



kcaestmr. Ydetder Ikcikppk mr Adànnkikcikppk `s tde amctrkry

td`cis wdàd `s cmt exphk`cef by respmcfects `c hmwer amurt kcf

tde sk`f lkat khsm be`ci ceiheatef by tde hmwer amurt `c `ts mrfer.

Vdey spekn mce td`ci `c pet`t`mc, tdey prmfuae fmaugects wdàd

spekn mtder td`cis. _hekf`cis kcf prmml wmct tkhhy `c tde`r akse.

Vde bksà ruhe ml hkw ml phekf`cis `s, tdkt k pkrty akc mchy suaaeef

kaamrf`ci tm wdkt de dks khheief kcf prmvef, mtderw`se, mc tde

pr`ca`phe ml 'seaucfug khheiktk kt et prmbktk' k pkrty `s cmt khhmwef tm

suaaeef, wdere de dks cmt set up tde akse wdàd de wkcts tm

substkct`kte. Vd`s ruhe tdkt phekf`cis kcf prmml gust amrrespmcf,

rests upmc tde pr`ca`phe tdkt cm pkrty sdmuhf be prejufàef by be`ci

tknec by surpr`se by vkry`ci tde akse ks mrì`ckhhy set up. Cm kgmuct

ml ev`fecae akc be hmmnef `ctm upmc k phek wdàd wks cever put

lmrwkrf. Vde true sampe ml td`s ruhe `s tdkt ev`fecae het `c mc `ssues mc

wdàd tde pkrtès katukhhy wect tm tr`kh sdmuhf cmt be gkfe tde

lmucfkt`mc lmr fea`s`mc ml kcmtder kcf f`llerect `ssue, wdàd wks cmt

presect tm tde g`cfs ml tde pkrtès kcf mc wdàd tdey dkf cmmppmrtuc`ty ml kffua`ci ev`fecae. @c A.C. Ckiecfrk Q`cid vs Vde

Qpea`kh Feputy Amgg`ss`mcer Kcf Mrs. (@HR 2??2 NKR 295?) Vde

Dmcbhe Dìd amurt ml Nkrcktknk Dehf tdkt : ‘Vde fea`s`mc ml tde

Revecue Amurts dks tm be ceaesskr`hy bksef mc tde ucf`sputef lkats.‗

@csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde ncmwhefie ml

Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks cmt tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc

tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh f`sreikrf tm tde hkw hk`f fmwc by Dìd

Amurts kcf Quprege amurt. @c kff`t`mc `kg br`ci`ci tm ymur n`cf

kttect`mc tde pr`ca`phe ml hkw ks ehà`tef ̀ c I. Jkikf`sd Kcf Kcr. vs B.Q.

Ikcesdk Rkm @HR ;004 NKR ;?<9 ‘Vde vkr`kt`mc betweec tde

phekf`cis kcf prmml kssuges `gpmrtkcae `c kpprea`kt`ci tde

bmckl`fes ml tde pkrtès…….‗

;9. Qurvey cugber ;?/6< `s k irkctef hkcf kcf tde irkct `s gkfe mc

20-;?-;099 v`fe HCF 2190/96-95 kcf tde pmssess`mc `s i`vec mc

;9-?1-;04;, tde skhe `s gkfe by de`rs ml irkctee mc 24-?<-;00<

tdkt `s klter ;5 yekrs 1 gmctds ;; fkys. Vde skhe `s k rei`steref

skhe. Evec `l kcy mce dks beec elleatef by suad skhe `t sdmuhf dkve

beec quest`mcef w`td`c 1 yekrs ks per Krtàhe ;19 ml H`g`tkt`mc kat.

@c Nkghesd Bkbu & Mrs vs Hkjpkt Rk` Qdkrgk & Mrs 2??4 (<) QAR



<51 @t `s wehh setthef tdkt Qeat`mc 1(;) ml tde H`g`tkt`mc Kat aksts k

futy upmc tde amurt tm f`sg`ss k su`t mr kc kppekh mr kc kpphàkt`mc, `l

gkfe klter tde presar`bef per`mf, khtdmuid, h`g`tkt`mc `s cmt set up ks

k felecae. Kpex Amurt `c tde akse ml Nerkhk Qtkte Eheatrà`ty Bmkrf,

Vr`vkcfrug v. V._. Nucdkhùggk K@R ;009 QA 242. Vde Kpex Amurt

dks hk`f fmwc tde hkw tdkt tde t`ge h`g`t ml tdree yekrs presar`bef

ucfer Krtàhe ;19 ml tde H`g`tkt`mc Kat kpphès tm kcy kpphàkt`mc l`hef

ucfer kcy Kat. Jkckrfdkckg _rkskf vs Rkgfks 2??9 (2 ) QAR ;5;

_mssess`mc ml tde su`t hkcf by tde kppehhkct khsm stkcfs kfg`ttef.

Rei`strkt`mc ml k fmaugect ks wehh ks pmssess`mc wmuhf amcst`tute

cmtàe, ks `s ev`fect lrmg Qeat`mc 1 ml tde Vrkcsler ml _rmperty Kat,

;442, wdàd `s `c tde lmhhmw`ci tergs : "...."k persmc `s sk`f tm dkve

cmtàe" ml k lkat wdec de katukhhy ncmws tdkt lkat, mr wdec, but lmr

w`hluh kbstect`mc lrmg kc ecqu`ry mr sekrad wdàd de muidt tm dkve

gkfe, mr irmss ceihìecae, de wmuhf dkve ncmwc `t………… Exphkck`mc

@. Ydere kcy trkcskat`mc rehkt`ci tm `ggmvkbhe prmperty `s requ`ref

by hkw tm be kcf dks beec elleatef by k rei`steref `cstrugect, kcypersmc kaqu`r`ci suad prmperty mr kcy pkrt ml, mr sdkre mr `cterest `c,

suad prmperty sdkhh be feegef tm dkve cmtàe ml suad `cstrugect ks

lrmg tde fkte ml rei`strkt`mc………. @c tde fea`s`mc `c Qgt F`hbmm vs.

Qgt Fdkcrkj` K@R 2??? QA 1;6< , tde Kpex Amurt dks dehf tdkt

‘wdecever k fmaugect `s rei`steref, tde fkte ml rei`strkt`mc kats ks

tde fkte ml feegef ncmwhefie. @c mtder akses, wdec k lkat amuhf be

f`samveref by fue f`hìecae, tdec feegef ncmwhefie amuhf be

kttr`butef tm tde phk`ct`ll beakuse k pkrty akccmt be khhmwef tm extecf

per`mf ml h`g`tkt`mc by gerehy ahk`g`ci tdkt de dkf cm ncmwhefie.‗

@csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde ncmwhefie ml

Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks cmt tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc

tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh f`sreikrf tm tde hkw hk`f fmwc by

Quprege amurt.

;4. Dmwever tde respmcfects dkve cmt phkaef k pèae ml pkper

sdmw`ci tdey kre tde fesaecfkcts ml mrì`ckh irkctees. @C k akse ml

QVKVE ML B@DKR \s. RKFDK NR@QDCK Q@CID & MRQ. K@R ;041 QA

<46 `t wks mbservef mc I-VREE ks lmhhmws ‘Vde pr`ca`phes imverc`ci

suad akses kre: (`) Iecekhmiès kfg`ttef mr prmvef tm be mhf kcf rehèf

mc `c prev`mus akses kre fmubthess rehevkct kcf `c smge akses gky



evec be amcahus`ve ml tde lkats prmvef, but tdere kre severkh

amcs`ferkt`mcs wdàd gust be nept `c g`cf v`z.: (k) Qmurae ml tde

iecekhmiy kcf `ts fepecfkb`h`ty. (b) Kfg`ss`b`h`ty ml tde iecekhmiy

ucfer tde Ev`fecae Kat. (a) K prmper use `c fea`s`mcs mr jufigects mc

wdàd reh`kcae `s phkaef. (f) Kie ml iecekhmiès. (e) H`tìkt`mcs wdere

suad iecekhmiès dkve beec kaaeptef mr rejeatef. (2) Mc tde

quest`mc ml kfg`ss`b`h`ty tde lmhhmw`ci tests gust be kfmptef: (k)

Vde iecekhmiès ml tde lkg`hès amcaercef gust lkhh w`td`c tde lmur-

amrcers ml s. 12(5) mr s. ;1 ml tde Ev`fecae Kat. (b) Vdey gust cmt be

d`t by tde fmatr`ce ml pmst h`teg gmtkg. (a) Vde iecekhmiès mr tde

ahk`gs akccmt be prmvef by rea`tkhs, fepms`t`mcs mr lkats ckrrktef `c

tde jufigect wdàd dkve beec dehf by k hmci amurse ml fea`s`mcs tm be

`ckfg`ss`bhe. (f) Ydere iecekhmiy `s prmvef by mrkh ev`fecae, tde

sk`f ev`fecae gust ahekrhy sdmw spea`kh gekcs ml ncmwhefie

f`sahms`ci tde exkat smurae, t`ge kcf tde a`raugstkcaes ucfer wdàd

tde ncmwhefie `s kaqu`ref, kcf td`s gust be ahekrhy kcf amcahus`vehy

prmvef.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde ncmwhefieml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks cmt tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc


Quprege amurt.

;0. Hkter arektef fmaugects tm su`t tde`r lkhse ahk`gs fmes cmt f`sahmse

kcytd`ci kbmut tde mrì`ckh irkctee. Ce`tder tde akste aert`làkte

ml respmcfect f`sahmses tdkt tde akste ml irkctee `s skge ks tdkt ml

pet`t`mcer. @C k akse ml QVKVE ML B@DKR \s. RKFDK NR@QDCK Q@CID

& MRQ. K@R ;041 QA <46 `t wks mbservef ks lmhhmws: ‘Kfg`ss`b`h t̀y ml k

fmaugect `s mce td`ci kcf `ts prmbkt`ve vkhue, qu`te kcmtder: k

fmaugect gky be kfg`ss`bhe kcf yet gky cmt akrry kcy amcvàt`mc

kcf weìdt mr `ts prmbkt`ve vkhue gky be c`h. @t `s khsm wehh setthef tdkt

stktegects mr feahkrkt`mcs belmre persmcs ml amgpetect ncmwhefie

gkfe kcte h`teg gmtkg kre reae`vkbhe tm prmve kcaèct rìdts ml k

pubhà mr iecerkh ckture. Vde kfg`ss`b`h`ty ml suad feahkrkt`mcs `s,

dmwever, amcs`ferkbhy weknecef `l `t pertk`cs cmt tm pubhà rìdts but

tm purehy pr`vkte rìdts. @t `s equkhhy wehh setthef tdkt feahkrkt`mcs mr

stktegects gkfe pmst h`teg gmtkg wmuhf cmt be kfg`ss`bhe beakuse

`c akses mr prmaeef`cis tknec mr feahkrkt`mcs gkfe kcte h`teg gmtkg,

tde ehegect ml b`ks kcf amcamat`mc `s eh`g`cktef. Belmre, dmwever, tde



stktegects ml tde ckture gect`mcef kbmve akc be kfg`ss`bhe ks be`ci

kcte h`teg gmtkg tdey gust cmt mchy be belmre tde katukh ex`stecae ml

kcy amctrmversy, but sdmuhf be gkfe evec belmre tde amggecaegect

ml heikh prmaeef`cis. Vd`s pms`t`mc dmwever akccmt dmhf immf ml

stktegects gkfe pmst h`teg gmtkg wdàd wmuhf be ahekrhy

`ckfg`ss`bhe `c ev`fecae. Vde reksmc lmr td`s ruhe seegs tm be tdkt

klter k f`spute dks beiuc mr k heikh prmaeef`ci `s kbmut tm amggecae,

tde pmss`b`h`ty ml b`ks, amcamat`mc mr putt`ci up lkhse pheks akccmt be

ruhef mut.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde ncmwhefie

ml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks cmt tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc

tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh f`sreikrf tm tde hkw hk`f fmwc by kcf

Quprege amurt.

2?. Mchy tde mhfest uc-f`sputef fmaugects h`ne kcy feahkrkt`mc ml

irkctee kbmut d`s akste fur`ci d`s h`le t`ge akc be best pèae ml

ev`fecae wdàd f`sahmses tde akste ml mrì`ckh irkctee. @c tde

kbsecae ml suad pèae ml ev`fecae, `t akccmt be kssugef mr presugef `c kcy gkccer. @C k akse ml QVKVE ML B@DKR \s. RKFDK

NR@QDCK Q@CID & MRQ. K@R ;041 QA <46 `t `s mbservef ks lmhhmws: ‘@c

amcs`fer`ci tde mrkh ev`fecae reikrf`ci k pefìree k purehy

gktdegktàkh kpprmkad akccmt be gkfe beakuse wdere k hmci h`ce ml

fesaect dks tm be prmvef sprekf`ci mver k aectury, `t `s' mbv`mus tdkt

tde w`tcesses wdm kre exkg`cef tm fepmse tm tde iecekhmiy wmuhf

dkve tm fepecf mc tde`r spea`kh gekcs ml ncmwhefie wdàd gky dkve

amge tm tdeg tdrmuid tde`r kcaestmrs but, kt tde skge t`ge, tdere `s

irekt r`sn kcf k ser`mus fkcier `cvmhvef `c rehy`ci smhehy mc tde

ev`fecae ml w`tcess i`vec lrmg pure gegmry beakuse tde w`tcess

wdm kre `cterestef cmrgkhhy dkve k tecfecay tm frkw gmre lrmg tde`r

`gki`ckt`mc mr turc kcf tw`st tde lkats wdàd tdey gky dkve dekrf

lrmg tde`r kcaestmrs `c mrfer tm dehp tde pkrtès lmr wdmg tdey kre

fepms`ci. Vde amurt, gust tderelmre skleiukrf tdkt tde ev`fecae ml

suad w`tcess gky cmt be kaaeptef ks `t `s bksef purehy mc `gki`ckt`mc

mr kc `gki`ckry mr `hhusmry smurae ml `clmrgkt`mc rktder tdkc spea`kh

gekcs ml ncmwhefie ks requ`ref by hkw. Vde mrkh test`gmcy mr tde

w`tcess mc td`s gktter `s bmucf tm be dekrsky kcf tde`r ev`fecae `s

kfg`ss`bhe ks kc exaept`mc tm tde iecerkh ruhe wdere dekrsky ev`fecae

`s cmt kfg`ss`bhe. @c tde kpprea`kt`mc ml ev`fecae ml suad w`tcesses,



tde pr`ca`phes tm be bmrce `c g`cf kre: (;) Vde rehkt`mcsd`p mr tde

amcceat`mc dmwever ahmse `t gky be, wdàd tde w`tcess bekrs tm tde

persmcs wdmse pefìree `s smuidt tm be fepmsef by d`g. (2) Vde

ckture kcf adkrkater ml tde spea`kh gekcs ml ncmwhefie tdrmuid

wdàd tde w`tcess dks amge tm ncmw kbmut tde pefìree. (1) Vde

`cterestef ckture ml tde w`tcess amcaercef. (6) Vde preakut`mc wdàd

gust be tknec tm ruhe mut kcy lkhse stktegect gkfe by tde w`tcess

pmst h`teg gmtkg mr mce wdàd `s fer`vef cmt by gekcs ml spea`kh

ncmwhefie but purehy lrmg d`s `gki`ckt`mc, kcf (5) Vde ev`fecae ml

tde w`tcess gust be substkct`khhy amrrmbmrktef ks lkr ks t`ge kcf

gegmry kfg`t.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde

ncmwhefie ml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks cmt tknec `t `ctm

amcs`ferkt`mc tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh f`sreikrf tm tde hkw hk`f

fmwc by Quprege amurt.

2;. Gmremver pet`t`mcer ml hmwer amurt kcf presect respmcfects

lkhsehy ahk`gs tdkt tde cmc-khèckt`mc per`mf `s 2? yekrs. Vd`s `s lrkufuhect g`srepresectkt`mc kcf kbuse ml prmaess ml amurt. Vde

lrkuf upmc pkrty `s khsm lrkuf upmc amurt wdàd ceefs ser`mus

amcfegckt`mc. @c Kruc`gk Bkrukd vs Uc`mc ml @cf`k & Mrs 2??9 (<) saa

;2? ‘@t `s tr`te hkw tdkt sm ks tm eckbhe tde amurt tm reluse tm exera`se

`ts f`saret`mckry jur`sfàt`mc suppress`mc gust be ml gkter`kh lkat.

Ydkt wmuhf be k gkter`kh lkat, suppress`mc wdereml wmuhf f`sect`the

tde kppehhkct tm mbtk`c k f`saret`mckry rehèl, wmuhf fepecf upmc tde

lkats kcf a`raugstkcaes ml ekad akse. Gkter`kh lkat wmuhf gekc

gkter`kh lmr tde purpmse ml feterg`ckt`mc ml tde h`s, tde hmiàkh

amrmhhkry wdereml wmuhf be tdkt wdetder tde skge wks gkter`kh lmr

irkct mr fec`kh ml tde rehèl. @l tde lkat suppressef `s cmt gkter`kh lmr

feterg`ckt`mc ml tde h`s betweec tde pkrtès, tde amurt gky cmt reluse

tm exera`se `ts f`saret`mckry jur`sfàt`mc. @t `s khsm tr`te tdkt k persmc

`cvmn`ci tde f`saret`mckry jur`sfàt`mc ml tde amurt akccmt be khhmwef

tm kpprmkad `t w`td k pk`r ml f`rty dkcfs.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde

kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde ncmwhefie ml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks

cmt tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh

f`sreikrf tm tde hkw hk`f fmwc by Quprege amurt.



22. Khtdmuid bmtd survey cugbers (;?/6< & ;?/69) kre gect`mcef `c

tde kpphàkt`mc/_et`t`mc ml hmwer amurt. Mchy tde skhe feef w`td

Rei`strkt`mc cm. 49?/0<-09 `s be`ci adkhhecief by tde pet`t`mcer ml

hmwer amurt. Vde skhe feef amvers mchy Qurvey cugber ;?/6< , hkter

cugber ;?/p25 kcf presect survey cugber ;54. Vde revecue

reamrfs prmfuaef by pet`t`mcer `c hmwer amurt `s tdkt ml

;?/p1;(RVA), ;?/p1?(RVA), ;?/5?(IRKCV AERV@L@AKVE),

;?/69(IRKCV AERV@L@AKVE), wdàd kre `rrehevkct reamrfs, tde rest

ml tde reamrfs fmes cmt prmve kcy kspeats. Vde ahk`gs gkfe by

pet`t`mcer d`gsehl ucfer irekt suspà`mus gmfe kcf decae h`kbhe tm

be f`sg`ssef. @t `s n`cfhy brmuidt tm tde n`cf kttect`mc ml Dmc‐bhe

amurt tde mbservkt`mcs ml Quprege amurt `c VDE QVKVE ML KCFDRK

_RKFEQD & KCMVDER \. V.QURPKADKCFRK RKM, ^(2??5) < QAA ;60W,

wdere`c tde Dmcmurkbhe Quprege Amurt dks mbservef ks lmhhmws: "

"Lrkuf" ks `s wehh ncmwc v`t`ktes every smhegc kat. Lrkuf kcf justàe

cever fwehh tmietder. Lrkuf `s k amcfuat e`tder by hetter mr wmrfs,

wdàd `cahufes tde mtder persmc mr kutdmr`ty tm tkne k fel`c`tefeterg`ckt`ve stkcf ks k respmcse tm tde amcfuat ml tde lmrger e`tder

by wmrfs mr hetter. @t `s khsm wehh setthef tdkt g`srepresectkt`mc `tsehl

kgmucts tm lrkuf. @cfeef, `ccmaect g`srepresectkt`mc gky khsm i`ve

reksmc tm ahk`g rehèl kik`cst lrkuf. K lrkufuhect g`srepresectkt`mc `s

akhhef feae`t kcf amcs`sts `c hekf`ci k gkc `ctm fkgkie by w`hhluhhy mr

reanhesshy akus`ci d`g tm behève kcf kat mc lkhsedmmf. @t `s k lrkuf `c

hkw `l k pkrty gknes represectkt`mcs, wdàd de ncmws tm be lkhse, kcf

`cjury ecures tderelrmg khtdmuid tde gmt`ve lrmg wdàd tde

represectkt`mcs prmaeefef gky cmt dkve beec bkf. Kc kat ml lrkuf mc

amurt `s khwkys vèwef ser`mushy. K amhhus`mc mr amcsp`rkay w`td k

vèw tm fepr`ve tde rìdts ml tde mtders `c rehkt`mc tm k prmperty wmuhf

recfer tde trkcskat`mc vm`f kb `c`t`m.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve

fea`s`mcs tm tde ncmwhefie ml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks cmt

tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh f`sreikrf tm

tde hkw hk`f fmwc by Quprege amurt.

21. @t akc be seec tdkt lmr survey cugber ;?/6< kcf ;?/69 k persmcs

by ckge mce Ckrkykckswkgy & Gkcjucktdk , ahk`g`ci tm be

irkcfsmcs ml mce Rkgkppk s/m Qktykppk kcf nkfkrkggk w/m

Rkgkppk ahk`gs tm dkve beec irkctee‐s ml tde skge hkcf v`fe _VAH



;9/?<-?9 belmre hmwer Dmc‐bhe amurt. Vde vers`mcs ml bmtd tde

pet`t`mcs akc be amgpkref tdere `s cm f`llerecae `c kcy wmrfs

exaept tdkt ml pkrtès ckges kcf adkhhecief skhe feef cugber.

L`h`ci fkte `s skge. Vd`s sdmws smge amhhus`ve kttegpt by bmtd

tdese pkrtès. @c tdese fkys `t `s mc `carekse ml tde dkb`ts ml severkh

`gpersmckt`ci/làt`t`mus pemphe tm g`suse tde hkw kcf amurt

prmaess w`td lkhse kcf g`shekf`ci represectkt`mcs lmr tde`r

persmckh ik`cs tdrmuid bhkangk`h`ci tkatàs kcf setthegects.

Justàe QreefdkrRkm ml Nkrcktknk Dìd Amurt `c _ecck`kd Kcf Mrs. vs

Vd`ppkggk K@R 2??6 Nkct 666 dks dehf tdkt ‘Ydec tde fmaugects

ml t`the rehèf mc by tde phk`ct`ll fmes cmt amrrespmcf w`td tde su`t

sadefuhe prmperty kcf `c tde kbsecae ml ceaesskry phekf`ci kcf prmml,

tde kppehhkte Amurt wks wrmci `c feahkr`ci tde t`the ml tde phk`ct`ll.

Gky be tdkt tde felecfkct dks cmt prmvef t`the ml d`s vecfmr, but,

cmcetdehess tde felecfkct `s dehf tm be `c pmssess`mc ml tde su`t

prmperty, wdec tde phk`ct`ll dks lk`hef tm prmve t`the, de wmuhf cmt be

ect`thef tm rehèl ml pmssess`mc `rrespeat`ve ml tde vkh`f t`the ml tdefelecfkct. @c tdkt vèw ml tde gktter> tde kpprea`kt`mc ml lkats kcf

ev`fecae kcf tde `clerecae frkwc `s perverse kcf amctrkry tm hkw kcf

ev`fecae mc reamrf.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde



fmwc by Nkrcktknk Dìd Amurt.

26. Vde pet`t`mc `c hmwer amurt wks cmt l`hef ks per tde Ruhe

kpphàkbhe. Fesp`te td`s kppehhkcts mbjeat`mcs kcf fesp`te

represectkt`mc by hekrcef kfvmakte mc bedkhl ml pet`t`mcers s`fe `c

hmwer amurt, pet`t`mcers ml hmwer amurt lk`hef tm amgphy tde ruhe ml

hkw. Mc td`s amuct pet`t`mc `s h`kbhe tm be f`sg`ssef, but tdere `s cm

wd`sper ks tm td`s kspeat by hmwer amurt `c `ts mrfer. Nkrcktknk

Qadefuhef Akstes kcf Qadefuhef Vr`bes (_VAH) Ruhes ;090 were tm be

lmhhmwef belmre `ssu`ci cmtàe tm khècee. But `c td`s akse suad ruhe dks

cmt beec lmhhmwef. Vde cmc lmhhmw`ci ml suad ruhes `tsehl sdmws

pet`t`mcers dkve cmt kpprmkadef amurt w`td ahekc dkcfs kcf tdey dkve

exera`sef lrkuf mc tde kutdmr`ty by l`h`ci kc `camgphete pet`t`mc

wdàd `s v`mhkt`ve ml ruhes. HKY AHKR@L@AKV@MC:- Vde Nkrcktknk

Imvercgect a`rauhkr fktef 25-?<-;041 v`fe A`rauhkr Cugber RF 1;



HI_ 41 Y`td k Qubjeat ml @gphegectkt`mc ml Dìd Amurt Mrfer fktef

;?-;-;041. @c Y._.Cms. ;?<96, ;?9;?, ;6?2<, ;<610. ;4462, 22149,

21?26 ML ;04?, 125?, ;95<9 kcf ;95<4 ml ;04; ;<<<1 kcf ;9;?; tm

;9;?1 ml ;042 ‑ Quiiest`mcs gkfe by tde F`v`s`mc Becad, reikrf`ci

tde sgmmtd kcf prmper `gphegectkt`mc ml tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde

Nkrcktknk Qadefuhef Akstes kcf Qadefuhef Vr`bes (_VAH) Kat, ;094 ‑

@t dks beec brmuidt tm tde cmtàe ml Imvercgect tdkt k hkrie cugber

ml khècess tdkt dkf reae`vef sdmw akuse cmtàes lrmg tde Kss`stkct

amgg`ss`mcers ml tde kreks mr tde mrfers gkfe by tdeg, adkhhecief

tde vkh`f`ty ml tde Nkrcktknk Qadefuhef Akstes kcf Qadefuhef Vr`bes

Kat, ;094, tde sdmw akuse cmtàes mr tde mrfers tdere tm gkfe kik`cst

tdeg. Vde pet`t`mcers kik`cst wdmg l`ckh mrfers dkve beec gkfe by

tde respeat`ve Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcers dkve adkhhecief tde Kat kcf

tde mrfers gkfe kik`cst tdeg. @t `s khsm pm`ctef mut tdkt `c gmst ml tde

akses tde sdmw akuse cmtàes `ssuef tm tde khècees tde Kss`stkct

Amgg`ss`mcers fm cmt set mut kcy ml tde fetk`hs requ`ref by tde Ruhes.

Belmre `ssu`ci tde sdmw akuse cmtàes tm tde khècees, `t `s prmper lmrtde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcers tm amhheat khh suad `clmrgkt`mc ks tdey

akc kcf ahekrhy set mut khh tde irmucfs mc wdàd tde khèckt`mc `s

prmpmsef tm be kccuhef, sm tdkt tde khècee akc skt`slkatmr`hy stkte d`s

akse khsm belmre tde kutdmr`ty. Vde sdmw akuse cmtàe gust be k sehl-

amctk`cef mce, i`v`ci irmucfs lmr prmaeef`cis kik`cst tde khècee tde

ckture ml v`mhkt`mc ml tde prmv`s`mcs ml Hkw kcf tde purpmse lmr wdàd

tde cmtàe `s `ssuef kcf tm sdmw akuse wdy tde skhe trkcskat`mc sdmuhf

cmt be dehf vm`f. Vde cmtàe sdmuhf khsm amctk`c pkttkfkr, tde

amcf`t`mcs kttkadef tm `t kcf tde v`mhkt`mcs ml tde amcf`t`mcs `c td`s

skhe, sdmuhf be spea`làkhhy gect`mcef sm tdkt k reksmckbhe

mppmrtuc`ty wmuhf dkve beec i`vec tm tde khècee tm exphk`c d`s

pms`t`mc d`s pms`t`mc `c ahekr tergs………………..‗. @csp`te ml br`ci`ci

tde kbmve a`rauhkr tm tde ncmwhefie ml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de

dks cmt tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh

f`sreikrf tm tde hkw hk`f fmwc by imvercgect a`rauhkr.

25. Vde pet`t`mc `c hmwer amurt wks kaamgpkcèf by Termx ampès ml

severkh fmaugects. Vdmse fmaugects cmt mchy reh`kbhe kcf

pet`t`mcer ml hmwer amurt gkfe cm ellmrt tm suggmc mrì`ckh

fmaugects. Hkpse mc tde pkrt ml pet`t`mcer `c hmwer amurt tm lmhhmw



tde hkw ml hkcf fmes cmt ect`the d`g lmr kcy rehèl. Vd`s bksà hkw `s

mverhmmnef `c `gpucief mrfer. Vde Termx ampy ml fmaugects

subg`ttef by pet`t`mcers `c hmwer amurt sdmw tdkt mce Ikcikppk‐s

hkcf `c phmt cugber ;?/5? fmaugect `s prmfuaef tm ahk`g hkcf `c

phmt ;?/6<. Vde persmc Ikcikppk s/m Qktykppk `s f`llerect lrmg

Adànnkikcikppk s/m sktykppk. HKY AHKR@L@AKV@MC:-

Imvercgect ml Nkrcktknk v`fe `ts a`rauhkr fktef 1;-?5-;00? `c A`rauhkr

cugber: RF 09 HI_ 0? dkve spea`làkhhy f`reatef cmt tm kaaept

pdmtmstkt ampès ml fmaugects presectef by tde pr`vkte pkrtès tm

tkne `gpmrtkct fea`s`mcs, w`tdmut ver`ly`ci tde mrì`ckhs tm skt`sly ks

tm tde kutdectà`ty ml tde fmaugect. Vde a`rauhkr skys h`ne td`s ‘@t dks

amge tm tde cmtàe ml Imvercgect, tdkt tde lèhf heveh Mllàers amg`ci

ucfer tde amctrmh ml Revecue Fepkrtgect, h`ne Qtkgps kcf

Rei`strkt`mc Fepkrtgect, Qurvey Qetthegect kcf Hkcf Reamrfs

Fepkrtgect, Guzrk` kcf wknl Fepkrtgect kcf mtder fepkrtgects

kre kaaept`ci pdmtmstkt ampès ml fmaugects presectef by tde pr`vkte

pkrtès kcf kre tkn`ci `gpmrtkct fea`s`mcs, w`tdmut ver`ly`ci tdemrì`ckhs tm skt`sly ks tm tde kutdectà`ty ml tde fmaugect. Qubsequect

`cvestìkt`mc dks revekhef tdkt gmst ml tde fmaugects were bmius

kcf arektef by tde pkrtès. Vd`s prkatàe `s iecerkhhy cmtàef `c

rei`ster`ci tde Revecue Q`tes rmucf kbmut Bkcikhmre A`ty. Vd`s dks tm

be stmppef lmrtdw`td ks mtderw`se pkrtès wmuhf evkfe tde heikh

prmv`s`mcs w`td `gpuc`ty kcf khsm gky resuht `c dekvy hmss ml tde

revecue tm Imvercgect. @t `s, tderelmre, `cstruatef tdkt tde pdmtmstkt

ampès ml tde fmaugect `s cmt k heikh ev`fecae kcf sdmuhf cmt be

kaaeptef `c kcy prmaeef`cis uchess pkrtès prmfuae s`guhtkcemushy

tde mrì`ckh tdereml. Vde Mllàer kaaept`ci tdese fmaugects skt`sly

d`gsehl klter ver`ly`ci tde mrì`ckh ks tm tde kutdcectà`ty kcf put k

aert`làkte tm tdkt elleat mc tde pdmtmstkt ampy ml tde fmaugect. Vd`s

prmaefure sdmuhf be lmhhmwef saruphmushy. Kcy hkpse `c lmhhmw`ci td`s

prmaefure w`hh be vèwef ser`mushy kcf gkne mllàer respmcs`bhe lmr

tde g`sfeef.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve a`rauhkr tm tde



fmwc by imvercgect a`rauhkr.



2<. Vde Nkrcktknk Imvercgect a`rauhkr fktef ;<-?4-;005 `c A`rauhkr

Cm: RF 09 HI_ 46 skys tdkt ‘Vde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcers kcf

Feputy Amgg`ss`mcers kre f`reatef tm lmhhmw tde i`vec `cstruat`mcs

sarupuhmushy wd`he fea`f`ci suad akses by qumt`ci Quprege amurt

fea`s`mc. Vde Quprege Amurt wd`he updmhf`ci tde vkh`f`ty ml tde Kat

dks gkfe lmhhmw`ci mbservkt`mcs, ckgehy:- "Vdmuid we dkve amge tm

tde amcahus`mc tdkt tde Kat `s vkh`f, yet, `c mur mp`c`mc, we dkve tm

gkne aertk`c kspeats ahekr. Irkctef hkcfs wdàd dkf beec trkcslerref

klter tde exp`ry ml tde per`mf ml prmd`b`t`mc fm cmt amge w`td`c tde

purvèw ml tde Kat, kcf akccmt be prmaeefef kik`cst ucfer tde

prmv`s`mcs ml td`s Kat. Vde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat gkne td`s pms`t`mc

ahekr, ks Qs. 6 kcf 5 beamge kpphàkbhe mchy wdec irkctef hkcfs kre

trkcslerref `c brekad ml tde amcf`t`mc rehkt`ci tm prmd`b`t`mc mc

trkcsler ml suad irkctef hkcfs. Irkctef hkcfs trkcslerref belmre tde

amggecaegect ml tde Kat kcf cmt `c amctrkvect`mc ml prmd`b`t`mc mc

trkcsler kre ahekrhy beymcf tde sampe kcf purvèw ml tde presect Kat.

Khsm `c akse wdere irkctef hkcfs dkf beec trkcslerref belmre tdeamggecaegect ml tde Kat `c v`mhkt`mc tde amcf`t`mc reikrf`ci

prmd`b`t`mc mc suad trkcsler kcf tde trkcsleree wdm dkf `c`t`khhy

kaqu`ref mchy k vm`fkbhe t`the `c suad irkctef hkcfs dkf perleatef d`s

t`the `c tde irkctef hkcfs by presar`pt`mc by hmci kcf amct`cumus

ecjmygect tdereml `c kaamrfkcae w`td hkw belmre tde amggecaegect

ml tde Kat, suad irkctef hkcfs wmuhf khsm cmt amge w`td`c tde purvèw

ml tde presect Kat, ks tde t`the ml suad trkcslerees tm tde irkctef hkcfs

dks beec perleatef belmre tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat. Q`cae kt tde

fkte ml tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat tde t`the ml suad trkcslerees dkf

aeksef tm be vm`fkbhe by reksmc ml kaqu`s`t`mc ml presar`pt`ve rìdts

mc kaamuct ml hmci kcf amct`cuef user lmr tde requ`s`te per`mf, tde

t`the ml suad trkcslerees amuhf cmt be recferef vm`f by v`rtue ml tde

prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat w`tdmut v`mhkt`ci tde amcst`tut`mckh iukrkctee.

Ye gust, tderelmre, rekf fmwc tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat by dmhf`ci

tdkt tde Kat w`hh kpphy tm trkcslers ml irkctef hkcfs gkfe `c brekad ml

tde amcf`t`mc `gpms`ci prmd`b`t`mc mc trkcsler ml irkctef hkcfs mchy

`c tdmse akses wdere tde t`the kaqu`ref by tde trkcsleree wks st`hh

vm`fkbhe kt tde fkte ml tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat kcf dkf cmt hmst

`ts feleks`bhe adkrkater kt tde fkte wdec tde Kat akge `ctm lmrae.

Vrkcslerees ml irkctef hkcfs kcf cmt dkv`ci k perleatef kcf cmt k



vm`fkbhe t`the kt tde amggecaegect ml tde Kat gust be dehf tm be

muts`fe tde pkhe ml tde prmv`s`mcs ml tde Kat. Q.6 ml tde Kat gust be sm

amcstruef ks cmt tm dkve tde elleat ml recfer`ci vm`f tde t`the ml kcy

trkcsleree wdàd wks cmt vm`fkbhe kt tde fkte ml tde amggecaegect

ml tde Kat". @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve a`rauhkr tm tde ncmwhefie

ml Kss`stkct amgg`ss`mcer de dks cmt tknec `t `ctm amcs`ferkt`mc


imvercgect a`rauhkr.

29. _EV@V@MCER @C HMYER AMURV DKQ CMV LMHHMYEF VDE

LMHHMY@CI RUHE : Ucfer tde Nkrcktknk Qadefuhef Akstes kcf

Qadefuhef Vr`bes (_rmd`b`t`mc ml Vrkcsler ml Aertk`c Hkcfs) Ruhes,

;090. Ruhe 1(;) tm (1) skys

1. Resugpt`mc kcf rest`tut`mc ml irkctef hkcfs:-

(;) Every kpphàkt`mc by kcy `cterestef persmc ucfer seat`mc 5 sdkhh be `c

lmrg-@.

(2) Mc reae`pt ml kc kpphàkt`mc mr `clmrgkt`mc ucfer sub-seat`mc (;) ml

seat`mc 5, tde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcer gky f`reat tde kpphàkct mr `clmrgkct,

ks tde akse gky be, tm lurc`sd suad lurtder pkrtàuhkrs mr `clmrgkt`mc ks gky

be requ`ref kcf l`x k fkte lmr lurc`sd`ci tde skge.

(1) Klter reae`pt ml tde pkrtàuhkrs mr `clmrgkt`mc `l kcy, akhhef lmr ucfer

sub:- ruhe (2), tde Kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcer sdkhh, by k cmtàe `c lmrg @@,

requ`re tde persmc mr persmcs `c pmssess`mc ml tde irkctef hkcf tm l`he

mbjeat`mcs, tm tde ahk`g w`td fmaugectkry ev`fecae, `l kcy, w`td`c suad

reksmckbhe t`ge, ks tde kss`stkct Amgg`ss`mcer gky td`cn l`t `c tde

a`raugstkcaes ml tde akse.

LMRG @

^Qee ruhe 1 (2)W

K__H@AKV@MC

;. Ckge ml tde kpphàkct (irkctee) w`td luhh kffress.

2. Ckture ml tde hkcf. `.e., ikrfec mr wet mr fry w`td kssessgect. Extect

1. Fetk`hs ml tde hkcf. \`hhkie/ Qurvey Vkhun Cugbers Kares Iuctks

6. Ckge (s) ml tde puradkser mr exadkcier mr gmrtikier mr heksee eta. ks tde

akse gky be, (w`td luhh kffress).

5. Ckture ml kaqu`r`ci tde Hkcf by tde irkctee (`.e. E`tder irkctef ucfer

Fdkr- nkst ruhes mr mtder spea`kh Ruhes w`td Mrfer Cm. kcf Fkte ml skcat`mc)

<. Vmtkh kgmuct lmr wdàd tde Irkctef hkcf dks beec F`spmsef kcf

pkrtàuhkrs ml tde rei`steref fmaugect, ̀ l kcy.

9. Brèl reksmcs lmr tde f`spmskh.

4. Kcy mtder rehevect `clmrgkt`mc `c suppmrt ml tde ahk`g.



24. L`h`ci pet`t`mc w`td lkbràktef fmaugects `s amcfegcef by Dìd

amurt ml Nkrcktknk `c ser`mus wmrfs. @c Ayr`h F'Qmuzk vs _mcnrk

Guierk Kcf Mtders ;004 (;) NkrHJ <50, Justàe D C V`hdkr` ‘Vd`s wr`t

pet`t`mc dks imt cm ger`ts kcf `t, `c gy mp`c`mc sdmuhf be f`sg`ssef

w`td k cmte ml akut`mc tm tde gegbers ml tde Bkr kcf tde Amucseh ml

tde pet`t`mcer ks wehh, tdkt `c luture, tde Amucsehs sdmuhf be very

akut`mus `c frklt`ci, l`h`ci tde pet`t`mcs, kll`fkv`t eta. kcf see tdkt tde

pkrtès fm cmt l`he wr`t pet`t`mcs eta. w`td purief kcf lmrief

fmaugects, mtderw`se, tdey gky dkve tm lkae tde ser`mus

amcsequecaes. @cstekf, td`s pet`t`mc kppekrs tm be kc kttegpt ml tde

pet`t`mcer tm prmaure smge mrfer lrmg tde Amurt mc tde bks`s ml kc

kireegect wdàd pr`gk lkaè kppekrs tm be kc kcte-fktef fmaugect

prepkref klter tdkt fkte kcf `t pr`gk lkaè sdmws tdkt k lkhse

fmaugect dks beec l`hef w`td lkhse khheikt`mcs, beakuse `l pet`t`mcer

wmuhf dkve beec `c pmssess`mc, peckhty wmuhf dkve beec rekh`sef

lrmg d`g, tde khheikt`mcs `c tde pet`t`mc tdkt tde pet`t`mcer dkf beec

`c pmssess`mc kcf tde fkte ml irkct khsm kppekrs tm be lkhse. L`h`ci k

lkhse kll`fkv`t kcf l`h`ci lmrief fmaugect, ks per hkw hk`f fmwc by tde

Quprege Amurt `s cmtd`ci but kc kat `hheikh, `cterler`ci w`td tde

prmper kfg`c`strkt`mc ml justàe kcf `t pr`gk lkaè gknes mut k akse

lmr amctegpt.‗ @csp`te ml br`ci`ci tde kbmve fea`s`mcs tm tde


amcs`ferkt`mc tdereby amgg`ttef w`hhluh f`sreikrf tm tde hkw hk`ffmwc by Nkrcktknk Dìd Amurt.

20. Vde kbmve stktef mbjeat`mcs kre khrekfy tknec by wky ml wr`ttec

kriugects belmre tde hmwer amurt. But hmwer amurt dks sdmwc utter

f`srespeat tmwkrfs tde hkw hk`f fmwc by amurts. @t kgmucts tm

amctegpt ml amurt khsm. Ucfer Krtàhe ;6; ml tde Amcst`tut`mc ml @cf`k,

tde hkw feahkref by tde Dmc'bhe Quprege Amurt sdkhh be dkv`ci b`cf`ci

elleat mc khh Amurts w`td`c tde terr`tmry ml @cf`k. Lrmg k bkre rekf`ci ml

Krtàhe ;6; ml tde Amcst`tut`mc, wdkt `s tm be cmtef `s tdkt tde hkw feahkref

by tde Dmc'bhe Quprege Amurt `s b`cf`ci mc khh tde Amurts w`td`c tde

terr`tmry ml @cf`k. Vde egpdks`s dks tm be hk`f fmwc mc tde wmrfs 'tde hkw

feahkref'. @t `s wehh setthef tdkt `t `s mchy 'tde hkw feahkref' kcf cmt tde

resuht, wdàd `s dkv`ci b`cf`ci preaefect.



1?. Kcmtder `gpmrtkct lkat wdàd `s be`ci ceiheatef by hmwer amurt `s tde

wky td`s kppehhkct puradksef tde hkcf kcf tde t`ge ml `ts puradkse.

Vde kppehhkct wks k CR@ fur`ci tde per`mf belmre puradkse ml hkcfs.

Vde Imvercgects kt stkte kcf aectre `cv`tef CR@‐s tm `cvest tde`r

gmcey w`td`c @cf`k. Fue tm suad `cv t̀kt`mc td`s kppehhkct armss

adeanef tde reamrfs ml hkcfs kcf lmucf tdkt Imvercgect dks `ssuef

Lmrg-@ ks k hkcf irkct aert`làkte wdàd `s lmr iecerkh akteimry. Vde

represectkt`mc gkfe by imvercgect reikrf`ci `ts hkcf reamrfs `s

qu`te ahekr lmr hmci feakfe kcf tde amcf`t`mcs `gpmsef upmc suad

aert`làkte `s khsm cmt dkve beec v`mhktef by td`s kppehhkct. Vde presect

akse `s khsm bksef upmc suad fmaugect. Vde Imvercgect kcf `ts

kutdmr`tès kre estmppef tm rk`se amctrkry vers`mcs kt td`s stkie. Vm

substkct`kte tde pm`cts tde lmhhmw`ci fea`s`mc `s brmuidt tm tde n`cf

kttect`mc ml kppehhkte amurt. . Jmdc B. Jkges Kcf Mtders vs Bkcikhmre

Fevehmpgect Kutdmr`ty Kcf Kcmtder @HR 2??? NKR 6;16, 2??; (;)

NkrHJ 1<6 Becad: R Rkveecfrkc, \ Qkbdkd`t Ahk`gs bksef mc tde

fmatr`ce ml 'hei`t`gkte expeatkt`mc' khsm requ`re reh`kcae mc

represectkt`mcs kcf resuht`ci fetr`gect tm tde ahk`gkct, `c tde skge

wky ks ahk`gs bksef mc tde fmatr`ce ml prmg`ssmry estmppeh. Vde

fmatr`ce akc be `cvmnef `l tde fea`s`mc wdàd `s adkhhecief `c tde Amurt

dks smge persmc kiirèvef, e`tder by khter`ci rìdts mr mbhìkt`mcs ml

tdkt persmc, wdàd kre eclmraekbhe by mr kik`cst d`g `c pr`vkte hkw mr

by fepr`v`ci d`g ml smge becel`t mr kfvkctkie, wdàd e`tder (`) de dkf

`c tde pkst be`ci perg`ttef by tde fea`s`mc gkner tm ecjmy kcf wdàd de

akc hei`t`gktehy expeat tm be perg`ttef tm amct`cue tm fm uct`h tdere dks

beec amggucàktef tm d`g smge rkt`mckh irmucfs lmr w`tdfrkw`ci `t mc

wdàd de dks beec i`vec kc mppmrtuc`ty tm amggect> mr (``) de dks

reae`vef kssurkcae lrmg tde fea`s`mc gkner tdkt `t w`hh cmt be

w`tdfrkwc w`tdmut i`v`ci d`g l`rst kc mppmrtuc`ty ml kfvkca`ci

reksmcs lmr amctecf`ci tdkt `t sdmuhf cmt be w`tdfrkwc. Vde

Imvercgect kcf `ts fepkrtgects, `c kfg`c`ster`ci tde kllk`rs ml tde

amuctry kre expeatef tm dmcmur tde`r stktegects ml pmhày mr `ctect`mc

kcf trekt tde a`t`zecs w`td luhh persmckh amcs`ferkt`mc w`tdmut kcy `mtk

ml kbuse mr f`saret`mc. Vde pmhày stktegects akccmt be f`sreikrfef

uclk`rhy mr kpphèf seheat`vehy. Uclk`rcess `c tde lmrg ml

ucreksmckbhecess `s kn`c tm v`mhkt`mc ml ckturkh justàe. …………….. Hksthy,

`t `s khsm ceaesskry tm cmtàe tde pms`t`mc ml k trespksser wdm `s `c



pekaeluh, mpec, amct`cumus kcf uc`cterruptef pmssess`mc ml kcmtder's

prmperty, `c fec`kh ml tde t`the ml tde true mwcer, lmr k hmci per`mf.

Qeat`mc 29 ml tde H`g`tkt`mc Kat, ;0<1 prmv`fes tdkt kt tde

feterg`ckt`mc ml tde per`mf h`g`tef ucfer tdkt Kat, tm kcy persmc lmr

`cst`tut`ci k su`t lmr pmssess`mc ml kcy prmperty, d`s rìdt tm suad

prmperty sdkhh be ext`ciu`sdef. Krtàhe <5 prmv`fes tde per`mf ml

h`g`tkt`mc lmr k su`t lmr pmssess`mc ml `ggmvkbhe prmperty bksef mc t`the

ks twehve yekrs lrmg tde fkte wdec tde pmssess`mc ml tde felecfkct

beamges kfverse tm tde phk`ct`ll. Krtàhe ;;2 prmv`fes tde per`mf ml

h`g`tkt`mc lmr suad k su`t, `l l`hef by mr mc bedkhl ml tde Aectrkh

Imvercgect, mr Qtkte Imvercgect `s td`rty yekrs `cstekf ml twehve yekrs.

Krtàhe ;;2 w`hh cmt dmwever kpphy tm BFK ks `t `s ce`tder tde Qtkte cmr

Aectrkh Imvercgect. ……………………. @c Ck`r Qervàe Qmaèty's akse, suprk,

tde Quprege Amurt qumtef w`td kpprmvef tde lmhhmw`ci pksskie lrmg

_erry v Ah`ssmhf: "@t akccmt be f`sputef tdkt k persmc `c pmssess`mc ml

hkcf `c tde kssugef adkrkater ml mwcer kcf exera`s`ci pekaekbhy tde

mrf`ckry rìdts ml mwcersd`p dks k perleathy immf t`the kik`cst khh tdewmrhf but tde rìdtluh mwcer. Kcf `l tde rìdtluh mwcer fmes cmt amge

lmrwkrf kcf kssert d`s t`the by tde prmaess ml hkw w`td`c tde per`mf

presar`bef by tde prmv`s`mc ml tde stktute ml h`g`tkt`mc kpphàkbhe tm tde

akse, d`s rìdt `s lmrever ext`ciu`sdef kcf tde pmssessmry mwcer kaqu`res

kc kbsmhute t`the".

1;. Vde lmhhmw`ci pm`ct ml hkw dks khsm cmt beec amcs`feref by hmwer amurt.

Nkrewwk Kcf Mrs. vs Dussecskb Ndkcskdeb Ykjkctr` Kcf Mrs K@R 2??2

QA 5?6, ‘ …presugpt`mc ml amrreatcess ml kc ectry `c revecue reamrf

akccmt be rebuttef by k stktegect `c tde wr`ttec stktegect. Gere

stktegect ml lkat `c tde wr`ttec stktegect `s cmt k rebuttkh ml

presugpt`mc ml amrreatcess ml kc ectry `c tde revecue reamrf. Vde

respmcfect wks reamrfef ks k teckct `c tde revecue reamrf `c tde yekr

;091 kcf ucfer hkw tde presugpt`mc `s tdkt tde ectry `s amrreat. @t wks

lmr tde kppehhkct tm rebut tde presugpt`mc by hekf`ci ev`fecae. Vde

kppehhkct dks cmt hef kcy ev`fecae tm sdmw tdkt ectry `c tde revecue

reamrf `s @camrreat.‗

12. . Vde lmhhmw`ci pm`ct ml hkw dks khsm cmt beec amcs`feref by hmwer

amurt. Qtkte ml D`gkadkh _rkfesd v Ikcesd Ymmf _rmfuats, K@R



;00< QA ;60 ks lmhhmws: ". . . . Khh tdkt we w`sd tm egpdks`se `s tdkt

kcytd`ci kcf everytd`ci fmce by tde prmg`see mc tde lk`td ml tde

represectkt`mc fmes cmt ceaesskr`hy kgmuct tm khter`ci d`s pms`t`mc sm ks

tm preahufe tde prmg`smr lrmg res`h`ci lrmg d`s represectkt`mc. @l equ`ty

fegkcfs tdkt tde prmg`smr `s khhmwef tm res`he kcf tde prmg`see `s

amgpecsktef kpprmpr`ktehy, tdkt muidt tm be fmce. @l, dmwever, equ`ty

fegkcfs, `c tde hìdt ml tde td`cis fmce by tde prmg`see mc tde lk`td ml

tde represectkt`mc, tdkt tde prmg`smr sdmuhf be preahufef lrmg res`h`ci

kcf tdkt de sdmuhf be dehf lkst tm d`s represectkt`mc, tdkt sdmuhf be

fmce. Vm repekt, `t `s k gktter ml dmhf`ci tde sakhes evec betweec tde

pkrtès tm fm justàe betweec tdeg. Vd`s `s tde equ`ty `gphà`t `c tde

fmatr`ce. ... Vm w`t, tde ruhe ml prmg`ssmry estmppeh be`ci kc equ`tkbhe

fmatr`ce, dks tm be gmuhfef tm su`t tde pkrtàuhkr s`tukt`mc. @t `s cmt k

dkrf kcf lkst ruhe but kc ehkstà mce, tde mbjeat`ve ml wdàd `s tm fm

justàe betweec tde pkrtès kcf tm extecf kc equ`tkbhe trektgect tm

tdeg. @l `t `s gmre just lrmg tde pm`ct ml vèw ml bmtd prmg`smr kcf

prmg`see tdkt tde hktter `s amgpecsktef kpprmpr`ktehy kcf khhmw tde prmg`smr tm im bkan mc d`s prmg`se, tdkt sdmuhf be fmce> but `l tde Amurt

`s ml tde mp`c`mc tdkt tde `cterests ml justàe kcf equ`ty fegkcf tdkt tde

prmg`smr sdmuhf cmt be khhmwef tm res`he lrmg d`s represectkt`mc `c tde

lkats kcf a`raugstkcaes ml tdkt akse, `t w`hh fm sm. Vd`s, `c mur respeatluh

mp`c`mc, `s tde prmper wky ml ucferstkcf`ci tde wmrfs "prmg`see

khter`ci d`s pms`t`mc". Khter`ci d`s pms`t`mc sdmuhf gekc suad khterkt`mc

`c tde pms`t`mc ml tde prmg`see ks `t gknes `t kppekr tm tde Amurt tdkt

dmhf`ci tde prmg`smr tm d`s represectkt`mc `s ceaesskry tm fm justàe

betweec tde pkrtès...."

11. Vde lmhhmw`ci pm`ct ml hkw dks khsm cmt beec amcs`feref by hmwer amurt.

Bkcdktt` Am-Mperkt`ve Qp`cc`ci ... vs Nkrcktknk Eheatrà`ty Bmkrf @HR ;00?

NKR 15;4 ‘@t `s rehevkct tm cmtàe tdkt k ahk`g gky be bkrref by t`ge but

cevertdehess `t fmes cmt f`skppekr cmr `t `s ext`ciu`sdef. @c tde evect tde

ahk`g `s bkrref by t`ge, khh tdkt dkppecs `s tdkt suad k ahk`g akccmt be

eclmraef `c k Amurt ml Hkw by wky ml k su`t mr mtder prmaeef`ci tm wdàd

tde H`g`tkt`mc Kat kpphès. Vde exp`ry ml tde per`mf ml h`g`tkt`mc

presar`bef lmr k su`t tm reamver tde kgmuct fue, fmes cmt festrmy tde rìdt

tm tde kgmuct. @t mchy bkrs tde regefy. Qeat`mc 29 ml tde H`g`tkt`mc Kat,

;0<1 mchy prmv`fes tdkt kt tde feterg`ckt`mc ml tde presar`bef per`mf ml



h`g`tkt`mc h`g`tef tm kcy persmc lmr `cst`tut`ci k su`t lmr pmssess`mc ml kcy

prmperty, d`s rìdt tm suad prmperty sdkhh be ext`ciu`sdef.‗

Yderelmre tde Dmc‐bhe amurt gky be pheksef tm khhmw tde kppekh kcf

setks`fe hmwer amurt mrfer kcf f`sg`ss tde pet`t`mc ml pet`t`mcer ks cmt

gk`ctk`ckbhe `c vèw ml heikh pm`cts ks ehà`tef kbmve.

Fkte

_hkae: Adànnkbkhhkpur Kfvmakte lmr Kppehhkct

ptcl case arguments before ac cb pur and his neglect of case law and arguments before dc court

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