puberty.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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PUBERTYPUBERTY Onset of reproduction life Endocrine/gametogenic function of gonads
mature adolescence – (9-15 years in male & 9-13 years in female)
Changes in testis, scrotum, penis in growth Pubic hair growth / axillary / facial hair
growth / spermatogenesis / acne. Larynx – crackling becomes masculine
bass voice.
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Female – Breast buds, menarche, uterine/vaginal/genitalia growth - later – psychological changes.
Factors – HRH / LH / FSH. Estrogen / progesterone Primary / second oocyte (ovulation) From follicle into abdominal cavity is
ovulation – 14th day.
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MENSTRUAL CYCLEMENSTRUAL CYCLE Endometrial change Hypothalamus
pituitary and FSH / LH Female hormones and ovaries ovarian
cycle 28 days Single ovum is released from the ovary
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PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCYDURING PREGNANCY
CVS, respiratory system, kidney, endocrine, blood (30% > in blood volume) because of salt & water retention because of > aldosterone / estrogen
Weight = 11-12 kg increase BMR becomes more because of thyroxine,
cortisol, aldosterone, androgen Fetus drains Iron from the mother Uterus gains in size Ovaries stop ovulation Breasts enlarge.
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Check-upCheck-up Weight Blood pressure Edema Hemoglobin Blood sugar Urine
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Fetoplacental unit
Placenta
Hormones (Functions)
HCG
Estrogen
Progesterone
Oxygen diffusion Glucose Fatty acid Potassium Calcium Sodium
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PREGNANCY TESTSPREGNANCY TESTS
Immunological RadiologicalBiological
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ANATOMY OF FEMALE ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANSREPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
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FUNDAMENTALS OF REPRODUCTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF REPRODUCTION
Spermatozoa (X & Y)
Ovum (X)Zygote
XX
XY
46 chromosomes
+
FEMALEMALE
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IMPLANTATIONIMPLANTATION 21-22nd day fetal heart, fetoplacental
circulation Fetal placenta, 2 umbilical arteries carry
impure blood from fetus Fetal blood flow through P = 400 mL/min –
pumping action of fetal heart
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PLACENTAL FUNCTIONPLACENTAL FUNCTION
Respiratory Excretory Nutrition
Hormones / enzymes
Immunological function
FETAL MEMBRANES FETAL MEMBRANES Chorion Amnion – protects fetal
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FETAL MEMBRANES FETAL MEMBRANES Chorion Amnion – protects fetal
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