public opinion survey of residents of ukraine...may 2012. september 2012. may 2013. september 2013....

Public Opinion Surveyof Residents of Ukraine

April 21 – May 5, 2017

Methodology

2

• The survey was conducted by Rating Group Ukraine on behalf of the Center for Insights in Survey Research.

• The survey was conducted throughout Ukraine (except for the occupied territories of Crimea and the Donbas) fromApril 21 to May 5, 2017 through face-to-face interviews at respondents’ homes.

• The sample consisted of 2,400 permanent residents of Ukraine aged 18 and older and eligible to vote. It isrepresentative of the general population by gender, age, region and the size of settlement. An additional 1,378respondents were also surveyed in the Ukrainian-controlled territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. A multi-stageprobability sampling method was used with the random route and next birthday methods for respondent selection.

• Stage One: The territory of Ukraine was split into 25 administrative regions (24 regions of Ukraine andKyiv). The survey was conducted throughout all regions of Ukraine, with the exception of the occupiedterritories of Crimea and the Donbas.

• Stage Two: The selection of settlements was based on towns and villages. Towns were grouped into subtypes according to their size:

• Cities with a population of more than 1 million

• Cities with a population of between 500,000 and 999,000



• Cities with a population of up to 50,000

• Villages

• Cities and villages were selected at random. The number of selected cities/villages in each region wasproportional to the share of the population living in cities/villages of a certain type in each region.

• Stage Three: primary sampling points (PSP) were described.

• The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 2 percent.

• The average response rate was 64.2 percent.

• Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding.

• The survey was funded by the Government of Canada.

http://ratinggroup.ua/en

http://www.iri.org/program/center-insights-survey-research

https://www.canada.ca/en.html

Methodology

3

Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts Oversample

• An oversample was conducted in the Ukrainian-controlled territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts from from April 21 toMay 5, 2017 through face-to-face interviews at respondents’ homes.

• The sample consisted of 1,378 citizens of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts aged 18 and older and eligible to vote. The sample isrepresentative in terms of gender, age, and size of settlement. A multi-stage probability sampling method was used withthe random route and next birthday methods for respondent selection.

• Stage One: The sample was proportionally split between Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, in the areas controlledby the Government of Ukraine.

• Stage Two: The selection of settlements was based on towns and villages. Towns were grouped into subtypes according to their size:

• Cities with population of more than 1 million

• Cities with population of between 500,000 and 999,000



• Cities with population of up to 50,000

• Villages

• Settlements were selected at random. The number of selected settlements in each region was proportional to the share of the population living in a particular type of settlement in each region.

• Stage Three: primary sampling points (PSP) were described.

• The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 2.6 percent.

• The average response rate was 67.3 percent.

• Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding.

4

Geographical Key

*Due to the Russian occupation of Crimea and the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, residents of Crimea and the separatist-controlled territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts were not included in this poll.

Donbas Region

Mood of the Country

Generally speaking, do you think that things in Ukraine are going in the right direction or wrong direction?

6

13% 14% 15%

18%

34%

29%

15%17%

15%

11% 13% 11% 13%

71%

66%69%

64%

48%51%

72%68%

70%76%

71% 72% 72%

16%20%

16%

17% 18% 20%

13% 15% 15%

13% 15% 17% 15%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Nov.2011

May2012

May 2013

Feb.2014

Apr. 2014

Sept.2014

July 2015

Sept.2015

Nov.2015

Feb.2016

June 2016

Sept.2016

Apr. 2017

Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer

1%

1%

2%

2%

2%

1%

2%

2%

3%

11%

8%

14%

14%

10%

15%

20%

20%

29%

28%

31%

37%

34%

33%

34%

36%

57%

60%

51%

44%

54%

45%

40%

37%

2%

2%

1%

3%

2%

4%

3%

4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017

Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened a lot Difficult to answer

<1%

Over the last 12 months, how has the economic situation in Ukraine changed?

7

As far as you know, how has the GDP of Ukraine changed over the last 12 months?

7%

19%

38%

36% It has grown

It hasn’t changed

It has decreased

Difficult to answer

8

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

6%

6%

9%

14%

8%

9%

8%

3%

4%

2%

1%

2%

2%

1%

2%

2%

3%

37%

39%

45%

37%

46%

41%

44%

46%

37%

19%

14%

18%

20%

15%

18%

23%

23%

36%

34%

30%

27%

30%

30%

31%

29%

34%

37%

29%

34%

36%

36%

38%

37%

34%

18%

18%

13%

15%

14%

17%

14%

18%

22%

40%

55%

45%

40%

47%

40%

36%

37%

2%

3%

3%

5%

1%

2%

2%

3%

3%

2%

1%

1%

2%

1%

2%

2%

2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2011

March 2012

May 2012

September 2012

May 2013

September 2013

February 2014

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017

Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened a lot Difficult to answer

<1%

Over the last 12 months, how has the economic situation of your household changed?

9

Over the last 6 months, how has the economic situation of your household changed?

4%

28%

34%

32%

2%

Improved a lot

Improved somewhat

Stayed the same

Worsened somewhat

Worsened a lot

Difficult to answer

<1%

10

1%

1%

1%

2%

1%

2%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

2%

1%

1%

1%

7%

8%

13%

17%

8%

12%

9%

12%

10%

10%

9%

11%

7%

6%

8%

8%

9%

30%

32%

35%

31%

38%

27%

20%

16%

13%

14%

19%

25%

21%

21%

21%

24%

28%

32%

32%

26%

24%

29%

29%

31%

26%

26%

23%

24%

23%

32%

23%

25%

27%

25%

17%

15%

11%

11%

12%

17%

28%

35%

43%

35%

27%

27%

23%

31%

27%

27%

21%

13%

12%

14%

16%

12%

13%

12%

11%

8%

17%

20%

12%

16%

18%

19%

14%

16%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2011

March 2012

May 2012

September 2012

May 2013

September 2013

February 2014

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017

Improve a lot Improve somewhat Stay the same Worsen a lot Difficult to answer

In the next 12 months, how do you expect the economic situation in Ukraine to change?

11

12

Do you think it is acceptable for groups of people to use each of the following methods of protests?

4%

4%

5%

6%

10%

13%

27%

28%

35%

52%

7%

9%

8%

13%

20%

23%

34%

36%

39%

34%

22%

24%

23%

23%

31%

32%

16%

13%

10%

5%

58%

55%

55%

50%

29%

23%

13%

15%

9%

6%

9%

8%

8%

8%

10%

9%

9%

8%

6%

5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Blocking airports

Occupation of buildings orenterprises

Blocking railway lines

Blocking major roads

Strikes without permission

Demonstrations withoutpermission

Boycott

Legal strikes

Legal demonstrations

Collecting signatures forpetitions, letters

Fully acceptable More acceptable than not More unacceptable than acceptableNot at all acceptable Difficult to answer

Assessment of UkrainianAuthorities’ Performance

Who bears primary responsibility for today’s situation in Ukraine?

14

5%

1%

1%

1%

2%

4%

9%

14%

22%

39%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Difficult to answer

Other

The local authorities of Ukraine

The West

The people of Ukraine

The Russian Federation

Ukrainian oligarchs

The Parliament of Ukraine

The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine

The President of Ukraine

9%

11%

15%

3%

4%

3%

2%

3%

3%

1%

33%

36%

40%

21%

20%

22%

15%

16%

17%

16%

20%

19%

22%

34%

29%

28%

32%

36%

30%

33%

27%

24%

13%

33%

40%

42%

43%

37%

44%

43%

11%

11%

10%

8%

6%

6%

8%

9%

7%

6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017

Strongly approve Somewhat approve Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer

Do you approve or disapprove of the activities of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko?

15

12%

16%

13%

1%

2%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

34%

36%

35%

10%

11%

11%

6%

19%

12%

14%

17%

16%

27%

32%

29%

25%

25%

30%

28%

30%

27%

24%

15%

52%

54%

57%

64%

29%

51%

49%

9%

8%

10%

6%

5%

5%

4%

21%

8%

6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017


Do you approve or disapprove of the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers under the leadership of Volodymyr Hroisman?

16* Volodymyr Hroisman was appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine in April 2016.

2%

6%

6%

3%

1%

11%

32%

33%

14%

9%

10%

10%

5%

9%

7%

7%

30%

24%

24%

36%

35%

35%

31%

29%

35%

29%

28%

50%

26%

26%

37%

49%

48%

52%

59%

46%

58%

60%

8%

11%

11%

9%

6%

6%

7%

6%

9%

5%

4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

February 2014

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017


1%

Do you approve or disapprove of the activities of the Parliament of Ukraine?

17

What is your opinion of each of the following Ukrainian politicians or members of the Ukrainian government?

1%

2%

2%

2%

3%

4%

3%

2%

2%

3%

5%

2%

7%

6%

3%

6%

6%

7%

8%

10%

11%

13%

14%

13%

12%

15%

16%

16%

15%

15%

20%

15%

18%

21%

25%

19%

17%

18%

28%

23%

25%

26%

23%

19%

21%

28%

25%

27%

21%

26%

26%

26%

24%

21%

45%

69%

48%

50%

53%

50%

49%

51%

53%

32%

47%

44%

49%

40%

39%

46%

45%

35%

26%

16%

9%

2%

<1%

3%

2%

2%

5%

12%

1%

2%

8%

<1%

5%

8%

13%

4%

14%

9%

10%

8%

8%

7%

7%

17%

7%

11%

6%

11%

12%

6%

6%

12%

14%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

One of the leaders of the “UKROP” party, Hennadiy Korban

Former Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk

Mayor of Kharkiv Hennadiy Kernes

Minister of Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov

MP Nadia Savchenko

Head of the Parliament Andriy Parubiy

Prosecutor General Yuriy Lutsenko

Leader of the political party “Svoboda,” Oleh Tyahnybok

MP, leader of Opposition Bloc, Yuriy Boyko

Former head of SBU Valentyn Nalyvaychenko

Prime Minister Volodymyr Hroisman

Former Governor of Odesa Oblast, Mikheil Saakashvili

President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko

MP, leader of the political party “Za Zhyttia,” Vadym Rabinovych

Mayor of Kyiv Vitaliy Klitschko

MP, leader of the political party “Fatherland,” Yulia Tymoshenko

MP, leader of Radical Party, Oleh Lyashko

Mayor of Lviv Andriy Sadovyi

Head of the political party “Civic Position,” Anatoliy Hrytsenko

Very favorable Somewhat favorableVery unfavorable Have not heard the name Difficult to answer

1%

1%

1%

18

What is your opinion of each of the following Ukrainian politicians or members of the Ukrainian government? (continued)

19

29%43%

63%57%

27% 27% 27%19% 20% 20% 18%

55%

41%30%

34%

63% 68% 66%73% 71% 73% 76%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Sep.13 Feb.14 Apr.14 Sep.14 Jul.15 Sep.15 Nov.15 Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17

Favorable Unfavorable

32% 34%

53% 54%

10% 13% 12% 7% 6% 5% 9%

60% 59%

40% 39%

83%

82% 83%89% 87% 89% 86%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Sep.13 Feb.14 Apr.14 Sep.14 Jul.15 Sep.15 Nov.15 Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17

19%25%

20% 23%15% 15%

23%15% 18%

21%

33%

62% 62%68% 70%

63%

77% 75%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Apr.14 Sep.14 Jul.15 Sep.15 Nov.15 Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17

Petro Poroshenko Arseniy Yatsenyuk

Volodymyr Hroisman Andriy Parubiy

14% 20% 16% 15%

64% 63%71% 75%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17


20

32% 31% 33% 34%

22% 25% 25%20% 23% 23% 22%

58% 61% 58% 59%68% 68% 68% 72% 68% 69% 71%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

May 13 Sep.13 Feb.14 Apr.14 Jul.15 Sep.15 Nov.15 Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17


Yulia Tymoshenko

43%

34% 34%26% 22% 18%

42%

51% 50%61% 64%

69%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Sep.15 Nov.15 Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17

28% 24% 28% 29%19% 16% 18% 15% 15% 14% 16%

63% 66% 62% 65% 69%74% 73% 76% 75% 77% 75%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%


Mikheil Saakashvili

Oleh Tyahnybok

18% 17% 16% 17%

52%58% 56% 53%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Nov.15 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17

Valentyn Nalyvaychenko


21

46%

24%13%

34%

62%

76%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17


13% 13% 12% 13% 17% 15% 16%

70% 72% 72% 70% 67% 71% 71%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Jul.15 Sep.15 Nov.15 Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17

Nadia Savchenko Yuriy Boyko

36% 38%

41%

36%33%

25% 24%

41% 43%

40%

42%48%

55%59%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


25% 21% 23% 23% 22% 23% 23%

65%74% 71% 69% 70% 69% 71%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%


Andriy Sadovyi Oleh Lyashko


22

11%9% 7% 7% 7%

66% 66% 70% 67% 64%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Nov.15 Mar. 16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr.17

Hennadiy Korban

54%48% 46%

50%

24% 25% 27%19% 23% 21% 22%

37% 42% 47% 45%

63% 63% 60%66% 65% 68% 65%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%



Vitaliy Klitschko

25% 26%31%

53% 50% 48%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Jun. 16 Sep. 16 Apr.17

Anatoliy Hrytsenko

Energy and Utility Consumption

Did you consume less energy or invest in energy efficiency measures for your household during this winter?

24

49%

6%

9%

28%

8%

I consumed less energy

I invested in energy efficiency measures

I did not use less energy and did not investin energy efficiencyDifficult to answer

*Historically, the Ukrainian government has subsidized the price of utilities for households. In 2016, the International Monetary Fund required that Ukraine decrease its subsidies, increasing the prices of utilities for families during a period of ongoing economic hardship.

25

Did your household participate in the state program for “heating loans” aimed at improving the energy efficiency of your

household?

5%

92%

3%

Yes

No

Difficult to answer

42%

51%

7%

Yes

No

Difficult to answer

26

Have you heard of the state program for “heating loans” aimed at improving the energy efficiency of your household?

(Respondents who did not participate in the “heating loans” program and those who had difficulty answering; n=2,289)

Electoral Mood

Do you support the idea of holding early parliamentary elections in Ukraine?

28

15%

18%

20%

17%

18%

23%

27%

23%

25%

21%

24%

26%

22%

20%

19%

22%

19%

17%

23%

23%

22%

25%

21%

20%

14%

17%

14%

16%

18%

14%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017

Definitely yes Somewhat yes Definitely no Difficult to answer

34%

40%

39%

46%

34%

34%

41%

42%

49%

42%

29%

34%

28%

28%

26%

31%

34%

33%

33%

32%

33%

36%

34%

35%

33%

32%

32%

35%

40%

33%

34%

30%

33%

33%

7%

9%

8%

5%

8%

7%

8%

5%

4%

7%

9%

4%

10%

9%

10%

9%

8%

13%

11%

14%

11%

19%

20%

10%

12%

11%

15%

20%

16%

20%

21%

22%

19%

19%

12%

8%

8%

5%

4%

5%

6%

8%

3%

5%

8%

6%

9%

7%

11%

8%

7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2011

March 2012

May 2012

September 2012

May 2013

September 2013

February 2014

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017


If early parliamentary elections were held next Sunday, would you vote?

29

If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday and the following political parties participated, for which party would you

vote?

30

19%22%

5%1%

1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%2%

3%4%5%5%5%

6%6%

9%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Difficult to answerI would not vote

OtherRevival Party (Vidrodzhennia)

Left OppositionStrong UkrainePeople's Front

Agrarian Party of UkrainePeople’s Control

Social Democratic PartyNash Krai Party

National Movement of D.YaroshUKROP

Movement of New ForcesSvoboda

Civic PositionSelf-Reliance Party (Samopomich)

For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)Radical Party

Bloc Petro Poroshenko "Solidarnist"Opposition Bloc

Fatherland Party (Batkivshchyna)

(All respondents)


vote? (continued)

31

(Likely voters, n=1,585)

20%6%

1%1%

1%1%1%1%1%1%2%2%2%

3%6%6%

7%8%8%

9%12%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Difficult to answerOther

Revival Party (Vidrodzhennia)Left OppositionPeople's FrontStrong Ukraine

Agrarian Party of UkrainePeople’s Control

Social Democratic PartyNash Krai Party

National Movement of D.YaroshUKROP

Movement of New ForcesSvoboda

Civic PositionSelf-Reliance Party (Samopomich)

For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)Radical Party

Bloc Petro Poroshenko "Solidarnist"Opposition Bloc

Fatherland Party (Batkivshchyna)

32

(All respondents)

Jul.15 Sep. 15 Nov.15 Feb.16 Jun.16 Sep.16 Apr. 17

Fatherland (Batkivshchyna) 6% 9% 8% 9% 9% 9% 9%

Bloc Petro Poroshenko “Solidarnist” 8% 10% 11% 7% 7% 8% 6%

Opposition Bloc 6% 8% 8% 8% 10% 6% 6%

Radical Party 5% 5% 3% 5% 5% 6% 5%

Self-Reliance (Samopomich) 7% 9% 7% 8% 5% 5% 5%

Civic Position 4% 4% 2% 3% 2% 4% 4%

For Life Party (Za Zhyttia) - - - - - 3% 5%

Svoboda 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3%

Strong Ukraine 1% 1% - 1% - 2% 1%

Revival Party (Vidrodzhennia) - 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1%

Movement of New Forces - - - - 2% 1% 2%

UKROP 1% 1% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1%

Other party 13% 12% 10% 9% 9% 10% 11%

I would not vote 24% 16% 25% 27% 26% 21% 22%

Difficult to answer 20% 19% 17% 16% 19% 18% 19%


vote? (continued)

If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday, for which other political party would you vote if the party that you previously

selected did not participate in the elections?

33

34%24%

3%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%2%2%2%

3%3%3%3%4%4%4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Difficult to answerI would not vote

OtherPeople’s ControlLeft OppositionStrong Ukraine

Agrarian Party of UkraineRevival Party (Vidrodzhennia)

Democratic AllianceJusticeUKROP

Right SectorNational Movement of D.Yarosh

Nash Krai PartyPeople's Front

Social Democratic PartyBloc Petro Poroshenko "Solidarnist"

Movement of New ForcesOpposition Bloc

SvobodaFatherland Party (Batkivshchyna)

Civic PositionRadical Party

For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)Self-Reliance Party (Samopomich)

(All respondents)

If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday, for which other political party would you vote if the party that you previously

selected did not participate in the elections?

34

(Likely voters, n=1,551)

40%5%

1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%2%2%2%2%2%2%

4%4%4%5%5%6%6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%


People’s ControlLeft Opposition

Agrarian Party of UkraineRevival Party (Vidrodzhennia)

Strong UkraineJusticeUKROP

Democratic AllianceNational Movement of D.Yarosh

Nash Krai PartyRight Sector

People's FrontSocial Democratic Party

Bloc Petro Poroshenko "Solidarnist"Movement of New Forces

Opposition BlocSvoboda

Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)Civic PositionRadical Party

For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)Self-Reliance Party (Samopomich)

Why would you vote for this party?

35

4%

3%

9%

10%

10%

10%

13%

15%

17%

20%

22%

22%

25%

33%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Difficult to answer

Other

This party understands the problems of my region

Other parties are even worse

This party will secure stability in the country

This party fulfills its promises

This party can restore peace in the country

This party has demonstrated consistent policies

I like their decisiveness

This party defends the interests of people like me

They tell the truth

This party can realize reforms and positive changes in Ukraine

The ideology of this party is very close to mine

The leadership of this party includes people whom I respect

(Respondents who selected a party; n=1,415)

36

When electing a political party, which priority is closest to yours?

51%

17%

32%The party's priority is Ukraine's membership inthe EU

The party's priority is Ukraine's membership inthe Customs Union with Russia, Belarus, andKazakhstan

Difficult to answer

37

38%

40%

10%

21%

59%

64%

69%

74%

80%

82%

84%

89%

18%

18%

58%

44%

7%

7%

7%

7%

3%

1%

3%

2%

44%

42%

32%

36%

34%

28%

24%

19%

17%

17%

13%

10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Would not vote

Undecided

Opposition Bloc

For Life (Za Zhyttia)

UKROP

Radical Party

Civic Position

Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)

Self-Reliance (Samopomich)

Movement of New Forces

Bloc Petro Poroshenko "Solidarnist"

Svoboda

The party's priority is Ukraine's membership in the EUThe party's priority is Ukraine's membership in the Customs UnionDifficult to answer

When electing a political party, which priority is closest to yours? (continued)

38

When selecting a political party, which priority is closest to yours? (continued)

53%

19%

28% The priority of this political party is to deepeneconomic cooperation between Ukraine and thecountries of the EU

The priority of this political party is to deepeneconomic cooperation between Ukraine and post-Soviet countries

Difficult to answer

39

40%

42%

11%

23%

64%

66%

72%

75%

80%

80%

84%

90%

19%

19%

62%

46%

9%

9%

9%

9%

4%

4%

3%

2%

42%

39%

27%

31%

27%

25%

19%

17%

17%

16%

13%

8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Would not vote

Undecided

Opposition Bloc

For Life (Za Zhyttia)

UKROP

Radical Party

Civic Position

Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)

Self-Reliance (Samopomich)

Movement of New Forces

Bloc Petro Poroshenko "Solidarnist"

Svoboda

The party's priority is to deepen economic cooperation between Ukraine and the countries of the EUThe party's priority is to deepen economic cooperation between Ukraine and post-Soviet countriesDifficult to answer

When selecting a political party, which priority is closest to yours?(continued)

When selecting a political party during elections, which is most important to you?

40

6%

3%

<1%

1%

2%

3%

4%

6%

6%

34%

35%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Difficult to answer

I don’t pay attention to any of the aforementioned positions when electing political party

What it suggests in environmental policy

How it supports language and culture

What it proposes for education and science

How it strengthens the position of Ukraine in the world

What it proposes for healthcare

How it defends our rights and freedoms

What it proposes for national security and defense

What it proposes for the economy

What it proposes for social policy (salaries, pensions,employment, etc.)

What is another area you consider when selecting a political party?

41

18%

3%

2%

2%

2%

5%

7%

9%

12%

18%

22%

0% 10% 20% 30%

Difficult to answer

I don’t pay attention to any of the aforementioned positions when selecting political party

How it supports language and culture

What it proposes for environmental policy

What it proposes for education and science

How it strengthens the position of Ukraine in the world

What it proposes for national security and defense

What it proposes for healthcare

How it defends your rights and freedoms

What it proposes for the economy

What it proposes for social policy (salaries, pensions,employment, etc.)

Views on Issues

43

If you could have only one or the other, which is more important to you: a democratic system of government or a prosperous

economy?

13%

17%

16%

14%

14%

20%

19%

20%

20%

20%

34%

30%

29%

28%

27%

18%

20%

22%

21%

27%

15%

14%

12%

16%

12%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

July 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

April 2017

Democracy is definitely more important to me Democracy is somewhat more important to meProsperity is definitely more important to me

Difficult to answer

Which of the following are the three most important issues for Ukraine?

44

1%

1%

1%

3%

4%

4%

7%

9%

10%

13%

17%

17%

23%

24%

26%

30%

52%

54%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other

Russian language status

Lack/Possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water

Rights to land ownership

Delays in salary/pension payments

Russian presence in the Crimea

Crime

Relations with Russia

Hryvnia devaluation

Political instability

Social protection for the poor

Government incompetence

Inflation

Unemployment

Low industry production

Corruption within state bodies

Military conflict in Donbas

Which three of the following issues are the most important for you personally?

45

1%

4%

1%

2%

6%

6%

6%

9%

10%

11%

14%

18%

26%

26%

32%

32%

33%

53%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other



Lack/Possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water



Crime





Hryvnia devaluation



Military conflict in Donbas

Unemployment

Inflation

46

3%

1%

1%

2%

2%

3%

5%

10%

12%

13%

22%

26%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other

Secure the country’s defense capability

Secure the unity of Ukraine

Make our cities and villages more comfortable for life

Achieve developed democracy so that citizens have more powerin decision-making processes

Make our country fairer and just

Restore the territorial integrity of Ukraine

Join the EU and NATO

Get rid of corruption

Secure a high level of economic development

Improve the quality of life of citizens

In your opinion, what should be the most important priority for Ukraine’s development in the next 10 years?

47

How would you characterize the detention of Roman Nasirov, the former Head of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine?

30%

32%

38%It represents political persecution andselective justice

It demonstrates a real fight againstcorruption

Difficult to answer

*Roman Nasirov headed the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine until his suspension in March 2017. He is being investigated by the National Anti-Corruption Bureau (NABU) for alleged corruption worth up to two billion Ukrainian hryvnias ($74 million) in one of the highest-profile corruption cases ever in Ukraine.

Do you feel secure walking home alone in your neighborhood at night?

48

19%

39%

23%

14%

6%

Yes, I feel completely safe

Yes, I feel safe most of the time

No, I never feel safe

Difficult to answer

Foreign Policy

50

If Ukraine could only enter one international economic union, which of the following should it be?

42%

36%

37%

32%

40%

42%

41%

52%

53%

59%

55%

57%

57%

55%

54%

51%

53%

40%

43%

41%

42%

37%

37%

36%

27%

24%

17%

14%

17%

15%

15%

15%

19%

18%

3%

4%

5%

6%

5%

5%

9%

6%

10%

9%

12%

12%

12%

14%

12%

14%

14%

15%

17%

17%

20%

18%

17%

14%

14%

13%

15%

20%

14%

16%

15%

19%

17%

15%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2011

March 2012

May 2012

September 2012

May 2013

September 2013

February 2014

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017

European Union Customs Union Other Difficult to answer

51

If Ukraine could only enter one international economic union, which of the following should it be? (continued)

27%

38%

59%

83%

29%

31%

12%

2%

19%

20%

11%

8%

25%

11%

18%

7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

East

South

Center

West

European Union Customs Union Other Difficult to answer

52

1%

4%

9%

13%

34%

38%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Difficult to answer

Security guarantees

Guarantees that rules and standards will be observed

Greater ability to determine one's destiny

A better economic situation in Ukraine

Better living conditions for ordinary people

What do you expect from this international union first and foremost?(Respondents who chose either the EU or Customs Union, n=1,687)

If a referendum were held today on Ukraine joining NATO, how would you vote?

34%

38%

43%

41%

48%

48%

45%

39%

43%

46%

43%

40%

31%

30%

28%

30%

30%

32%

29%

27%

9%

7%

17%

14%

8%

10%

10%

12%

11%

12%

13%

15%

8%

15%

17%

13%

16%

17%

17%

14%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

March 2014

April 2014

September 2014

July 2015

September 2015

November 2015

February 2016

June 2016

September 2016

April 2017

Would vote to join NATO Would vote against joining NATOWould not vote Difficult to answer

53

21%

33%

54%

71%

41%

42%

20%

10%

20%

14%

11%

7%

18%

10%

16%

12%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

East

South

Center

West

Would vote to join NATO Would vote against joining NATO Would not vote Difficult to answer

If a referendum were held today on Ukraine joining NATO, how would you vote? (continued)

54

55

2%

6%

41%

51%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Difficult to answer

NATO does not provide any benefits, but we need it forinternational prestige

NATO will defend Ukraine

NATO will help Ukraine to increase its defense systemstandards

In your opinion, what benefits does NATO provide to Ukraine?(Respondents who believe Ukraine should join NATO, n=1,108)

3%

3%

3%

6%

5%

7%

7%

9%

7%

9%

11%

14%

25%

32%

36%

38%

39%

39%

38%

42%

47%

47%

23%

60%

57%

43%

49%

45%

48%

47%

41%

38%

36%

30%

6%

4%

11%

6%

5%

3%

3%

7%

3%

4%

27%

1%

2%

1%

1%

1%

3%

6%

3%

2%

2%

3%

2%

2%

2%

2%

1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Russia

Turkey

Moldova

United States

Germany

Lithuania

Georgia

Canada

European Union

Belarus

Poland

Very warm Warm Neutral Very cold Difficult to answer

1%

How do you evaluate your attitude toward each of the following countries?

56

Issues Affecting the Donbas

Do you support the economic blockade of the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics?

58

17%

20%

19%

27%

3%

14%Fully support

Somewhat support

Definitely do not support

Haven’t heard anything about this

Difficult to answer

In your opinion, are the national authorities of Ukraine doing enough to keep the liberated areas of the Donbas under Ukrainian

authority?

59

1%

12%

31%

41%

15%Definitely yes

Somewhat yes

Definitely no

Difficult to answer

60

11%

3%

3%

3%

10%

15%

55%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other

Become part of Russia

Become an independent country

Part of Ukraine but with special status

Part of Ukraine but with extended authorities as a result ofdecentralization reform

Part of Ukraine as before

In your opinion, what status should the Donbas territories under the control of the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s

Republics have?

Support Ukrainian Unity

61


Republics have? (continued)

November 2015 April 2017

Part of Ukraine as before 53% 55%

Part of Ukraine but with extended authorities as a result of decentralization reform

18% 15%

Part of Ukraine but with special status 9% 10%

Become part of Russia 4% 3%

Become an independent country 3% 3%

Other 1% 3%

Difficult to answer 12% 11%

62

In your opinion, what status should the entire Donbas region have (i.e., the entirety of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts)?

9%

2%

2%

2%

6%

8%

16%

56%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other



The territories controlled today by the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics should be separated from Ukraine

and the rest of the territory should stay within Ukraine

Part of Ukraine but with a special status




63



Part of Ukraine but with extended competences resulting from the decentralization reform

20% 16%

Part of Ukraine but with a special status 6% 8%



The territories controlled today by the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics should be separated from Ukraine and the rest of the territory should stay within Ukraine

7% 6%

Other 1% 2%


In you opinion, what status should the entire Donbas region have (i.e., the entirety of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts)? (continued)

Oversample:Ukrainian-Controlled Territories of the Donbas Region (n=1,378)

April 21 – May 5, 2017

65

21%

2%

2%

2%

11%

17%

45%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other







Republics have?


66


Republics have? (continued)



Part of Ukraine but with extended competences resulting from the decentralization reform

28% 17%

Part of Ukraine but with special status 13% 11%



Other 1% 2%


67

In your opinion, what status should the entire Donbas region have (i.e. the entirety of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts)?

17%

1%

1%

1%

2%

9%

22%

47%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other

The territories controlled today by the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics should be separated from Ukraine

and the rest of the territory should stay within Ukraine







68



Part of Ukraine but with extended authorities as a result of decentralization reform 35% 22%

Part of Ukraine but with a special status 8% 9%



The territories controlled today by the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics should be separated from Ukraine and the rest of the territory should stay within Ukraine

3% 1%

Other 1% 1%


In your opinion, which status should the entire Donbas region have (i.e. the entirety of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts)? (continued)

In your opinion, are the national authorities of Ukraine doing enough to keep the liberated areas of the Donbas within Ukrainian

territory?

69

6%

2%

18%

8%

23%

24%

29%

36%

25%

30%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2015

April 2017

Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Difficult to answer

70

In your opinion, which areas should the Ukrainian authorities prioritize in order to keep the Donbas part of Ukraine?

(Three answers possible)

9%

3%

4%

24%

36%

42%

72%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Difficult to answer

Other

Focus on closer relations with the West (EU and NATO)

Focus on the status of the Donbas region and improverelations with Russia

Improve basic services (health, education andinfrastructure)

Fight crime, corruption and reform the judiciary

Improve the economy and create jobs

71

In your opinion, which areas should the Ukrainian authorities prioritize in order to keep the Donbas part of Ukraine? (continued)


Improve the economy and create jobs 62% 72%

Fight crime, corruption and reform the judiciary 46% 42%

Improve basic services (health, education and infrastructure) 46% 36%

Focus on the status of the Donbas region and improve relations with Russia 19% 24%

Focus on closer relations with the West (EU and NATO) 9% 4%

Other 2% 3%


72

In your opinion, which issues should be the top priority for your local authorities? (Three answers possible)

3%2%2%3%3%3%4%4%

5%6%7%7%7%

8%8%9%

11%14%

15%26%

44%48%49%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%


Land issuesGarbage collection

Cultural institutionsSporting establishments

PavementsSewage

KindergartensWater supply

Public parks and squaresHeating

Yards and territories around housesStreet lightning

SchoolsEnvironment

TransportationSecurity

Industrial areasSocial assistance

Housing and communal areasMedical institutions

Roads

In your opinion, which issues should be the top priority for your local authorities? (continued)

(Three answers possible)

73


Roads 50% 49%Medical institutions 37% 48%Housing and communal areas 43% 44%Social assistance 38% 26%Industrial areas 14% 15%Security 26% 14%Transportation 25% 11%Environment 21% 9%Street lightning 34% 8%Schools 22% 8%Public parks and squares 15% 7%Heating 25% 7%Yards and territories around houses 25% 7%Water supply 23% 6%Kindergartens 19% 5%Pavements 18% 4%Sewage 16% 4%Garbage collection 16% 3%Cultural institutions 13% 3%Sport establishments 11% 3%Land issues 17% 2%Other 10% 2%Difficult to answer 10% 3%

Which of the following are the three most important issues for Ukraine?

74

2%

3%

1%

2%

2%

4%

5%

7%

7%

8%

15%

16%

19%

23%

33%

35%

46%

63%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Difficult to answer

Other


Possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water




Hryvnia devaluation

Crime





Inflation


Unemployment


Military conflict in the Donbas

Which three of the following are the most important issues for Ukraine? (continued)

75


Military conflict in the Donbas 50% 63%

Corruption within state bodies 40% 46%

Unemployment 34% 35%

Low industry production 24% 33%

Inflation 23% 23%

Government incompetence 26% 19%

Social protection for the poor 22% 16%

Political instability 18% 15%

Relations with Russia 12% 8%

Crime 5% 7%

Hryvnia devaluation 14% 7%

Russian presence in the Crimea 3% 5%

Delays in salary/pension payments 6% 4%

Rights to land ownership 3% 2%Possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water 7% 2%

Russian language status 1% 1%

Other 1% 3%


Which of the following issues are the three most important for you personally?

76

6%

10%

2%

3%

3%

5%

6%

7%

9%

9%

11%

14%

14%

18%

21%

31%

50%

60%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Difficult to answer

Other



Russian presence in Crimea

Possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water

Crime





Hryvnia devaluation




Unemployment

Inflation

Military conflict in the Donbas

Which of the following issues are the three most important for you personally? (continued)

77


Military conflict in the Donbas 50% 60%

Inflation 43% 50%

Unemployment 29% 31%

Social protection for the poor 26% 21%

Corruption within state bodies 26% 18%

Low industry production 17% 14%

Hryvnia devaluation 21% 14%

Government incompetence 21% 11%

Delays in salary/pension payments 7% 9%

Political instability 11% 9%

Relations with Russia 8% 7%

Crime 3% 6%

Possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water 10% 5%

Russian presence in the Crimea 3% 3%

Rights to land ownership 4% 3%

Russian language status 2% 2%

Other 6% 10%


What is your opinion of each of the following Ukrainian politicians or members of the Ukrainian government?

1%

1%

1%1%

1%

1%

1%

2%

1%

2%

2%

2%

1%

3%

5%

5%

10%

10%

20%

2%

3%3%

3%

5%5%

6%

5%

6%

7%

7%

7%

7%7%

8%

8%

11%

12%

11%

12%

15%

16%

29%

14%

11%

16%

15%

18%

19%

22%

16%

15%

21%

15%

16%

18%

20%

19%

23%

20%

13%

11%

11%

19%

20%

14%

45%

75%

66%

66%

61%

48%

50%

51%

42%

51%

37%

57%

37%

56%

59%

53%

52%

16%

36%

30%

36%

28%

17%

14%

4%

8%

5%

9%

15%

6%

6%

2%

2%

24%

10%

12%

15%

14%

26%

20%

23%

28%

19%

35%

18%

26%

15%

12%

15%

15%

41%

31%

36%

17%

24%

21%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

One of the leaders of UKROP Party, Hennadiy Korban

Former Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk

Head of Parliament Andriy Parubiy

Leader of the political party “Svoboda,” Oleh Tyahnybok

Prosecutor General Yuriy Lutsenko

Mayor of Kyiv Vitaliy Klitschko

Minister of Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov

Mayor of Lviv Andriy Sadovyi

Former head of SBU Valentyn Nalyvaychenko

MP Nadia Savchenko

Mayor of Kharkiv Hennadiy Kernes

Former Governor of Odesa Oblast, Mikheil Saakashvili

Head of the political party “Civic Position” Anatoliy Hrytsenko

MP, leader of the political party “Fatherland,” Yulia Tymoshenko

President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko

MP, leader of Radical Party, Oleh Lyashko

Prime Minister Volodymyr Hroisman

Head of the Donetsk military-civic administration, Pavlo Zhebrivskyi

Former head of the parliamentary Party of Regions faction, Oleksandr Yefremov

Co-leader of Opposition Bloc, head of the opposition government, Borys Kolesnikov

MP, leader of the Opposition Bloc, Yuriy Boyko

MP, leader of the political party “Za Zhyttia,” Vadym Rabinovych

Businessman Rinat Akhmetov

Very favorable Somewhat favorableVery unfavorable Have not heard the name Difficult to answer

1%

78

1%

1%

1%

1%2%

2%1%2%

79

2%

2%

7%

4%

22%

13%

49%

56%

20%

25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2015

April 2017


Do you support the decision of the Russian Federation to send its army to protect Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine?

80

How do you evaluate Russia’s actions toward Crimea?

41%

43%

11%

12%

18%

11%

30%

34%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2015

April 2017

It is an illegal invasion and occupation of independent UkraineIt is a lawful protection of Russian-speaking citizens of UkraineOtherDifficult to answer

81

In your opinion, which of the following should Ukraine do?

50%

54%

13%

4%

14%

15%

7%

2%

2%

2%

15%

23%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2015

April 2017

Remain a united country Remain a united country, but without CrimeaDivide into several countries

Other Difficult to answer

2%

5%

9%

12%

28%

25%

54%

47%

8%

11%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

November 2015

April 2017


Do you feel that the Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine are under pressure or threat because of their language?

82

Do you support the economic blockade of the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics?

83

5%6%

17%

50%

1%

21% Fully support

Somewhat support

Definitely do not support

Haven’t heard anything about this

Difficult to answer

Demographics

Demographics

45%

55%

32%

26%

42%

46%

32%

22%

3%

24%

38%

34%

23%

1%

18%

1%

30%

4%

8%

7%

5%

3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Male

Female

18-35

36-50

51+

Ukrainian

Russian

Ukrainian and Russian equally

Primary/Incomplete secondary

General secondary

Vocational secondary

Higher/Incomplete higher

Worker

Farmer/Peasant

White collar

Higher or medium level executive

Pensioner (not working)

Student

Housewife

Unemployed

Self-employed/Entrepreneur

Other

GEN

DER

AGE

LAN

GU

AGE

SPO

KEN

AT

HO

ME

EDU

CATI

ON

OCC

UPA

TIO

N

85

Nationwide

Demographics

86

36%

21%

10%

1%

1%

5%

22%

2%

4%

70%

30%

24%

31%

22%

22%

0% 50% 100%

Orthodox (Kyiv Patriarchate)

Orthodox (Moscow Patriarchate)

Greek Catholic

Catholic

Protestant

Atheist

I believe in God, but do not belong to any religion

Other

Difficult to answer

City

Village

West

Center

South

East

RELI

GIO

NTY

PE O

FSE

TTLE

MEN

TRE

GIO

NS

Nationwide

Demographics

87

21%

33%

33%

11%

2%

1%

0% 50%

We need to save money for food

We have enough money for food, but we need to save or borrowmoney to buy clothes and shoes

We have enough money for food and necessary clothing and shoes,but we need to save or borrow money for other purchases like a good

suit, a mobile phone or a vacuum cleaner

We have enough money for food, clothing, shoes and otherpurchases, but we need to save or borrow money to purchase more

expensive items (e.g. appliances)

We have enough money for food, clothes, shoes and expensivepurchases, but we need to save or borrow money for purchases like a

car or an apartment

Difficult to answer

FAM

ILY

FIN

ANCE

S

Nationwide

Demographics

44%

56%

29%

25%

46%

3%

75%

21%

4%

19%

43%

33%

20%

16%

1%

36%

5%

8%

7%

5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Male

Female

18-35

36-50

51+

Ukrainian

Russian

Ukrainian and Russian equally

Primary/Incomplete secondary

General secondary

Vocational secondary

Higher/Incomplete higher

Worker

White collar

Higher or medium level executive

Pensioner (not working)

Student

Housewife

Unemployed

Other

GEN

DER

AGE

LAN

GU

AGE

SPO

KEN

AT

HO

ME

EDU

CATI

ON

OCC

UPA

TIO

N

88

Donbas Region

Demographics

89

20%

40%

1%

6%

21%

2%

9%

89%

11%

66%

34%

0% 50% 100%

Orthodox (Kyiv Patriarchate)

Orthodox (Moscow Patriarchate)

Greek Catholic

Atheist

I believe in God, but do not belong to any religion

Other

Difficult to answer

City

Village

Donetsk

Luhansk

RELI

GIO

NTY

PE O

FSE

TTLE

MEN

TRE

GIO

NS

Donbas Region

Demographics

90

26%

41%

26%

3%

1%

3%

0% 50%

We need to save money for food

We have enough money for food, but we need to save or borrowmoney to buy clothes and shoes

We have enough money for food and necessary clothing and shoes,but we need to save or borrow money for other purchases like a good

suit, a mobile phone or a vacuum cleaner

We have enough money for food, clothing, shoes and otherpurchases, but we need to save or borrow money to purchase more

expensive things (e.g. appliances)

We have enough money for food, clothes, shoes and expensivepurchases, but we need to save or borrow money for purchases like a

car or an apartment

Difficult to answer

FAM

ILY

FIN

ANCE

S

Donbas Region

www.IRI.org | @IRI_Polls

Center for Insights in Survey Research202.408.9450 | [email protected]

This presentation was undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (DFATD)

Programme réalisée avec l’appui financier du gouvernement du Canada accordé par l’entremise du ministère des Affaires étrangères, du Commerce et du Développement (MAECD)

.

.



http://www.international.gc.ca/international/index.aspx?lang=eng

http://www.international.gc.ca/international/index.aspx?lang=eng

public opinion survey of residents of ukraine...may 2012. september 2012. may 2013. september 2013....

Documents