public perceptions of hydrogen – how important is risk...
TRANSCRIPT
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Pub
lic P
erce
ptio
ns o
f Hyd
roge
n –
how
im
port
ant i
s ris
k?
Tan
ya O
’Gar
ra,
Pet
er P
ears
on &
Sus
ana
Mou
rato
Impe
rial C
olle
ge L
ondo
n C
entr
e fo
r E
nerg
y P
olic
y &
Tec
hnol
ogy
(IC
EP
T)
p.j.p
ears
on@
impe
rial.a
c.uk
ES
RC
H2
Sem
inar
4S
alfo
rd, 1
4 O
ctob
er 2
005
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Obj
ectiv
es o
f pre
sent
atio
n
•T
o e
xam
ine:
–H
ow h
ydro
gen
risks
are
cur
rent
ly p
erce
ived
(H
inde
nbur
g/H
bom
b, e
tc.)
–D
o pe
ople
see
m tr
oubl
ed a
bout
hyd
roge
n?
•T
o d
iscu
ss r
esul
ts fr
om 3
stu
dies
in u
rban
are
as,
abo
ut:
–P
ublic
atti
tude
s to
war
ds H
2 ve
hicl
es (
esp.
bus
es)
–P
ublic
atti
tude
s to
war
ds H
2 re
fuel
ling
faci
litie
s–
Att
itude
cha
nge
ove
r tim
e
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Thr
ee p
ublic
acc
epta
bilit
y st
udie
s
1.E
C-f
unde
d A
CC
EP
TH
2cr
oss-
cont
inen
tal s
tudy
of p
ublic
at
titud
es &
pre
fere
nces
for
H2
buse
s (h
ttp://
ww
w.a
ccep
th2.
com
/)
2.“P
ublic
Acc
epta
bilit
y of
H2
Infr
astr
uctu
re in
Lon
don”
(EP
SR
C-f
unde
d: T
he D
evel
opm
ent o
f a H
2 E
nerg
y In
fras
truc
ture
in L
ondo
n)
3.B
P/Im
peria
l Col
lege
Lon
don
stud
y: “
Pub
lic A
ccep
tanc
e of
an
d D
eman
d fo
r In
form
atio
n ab
out H
2 R
efue
lling
Sta
tions
in
3 Lo
ndon
Bor
ough
s”
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Dat
a co
llect
ion
AC
CE
PT
H2:
•m
ostly
‘pho
ne in
terv
iew
s w
ith b
us u
sers
in B
erlin
, Lu
xem
bour
g, P
erth
(W
A),
Lon
don
& O
akla
nd (
CA
.);
•be
fore
& a
fter
H2
bus
expe
rimen
ts (
sam
ple
size
s ap
prox
. 30
0-41
5 pe
r ci
ty).
EP
SR
C H
2 In
fras
truc
ture
stu
dy:
•qu
estio
nnai
res
dist
ribut
ed in
200
3 to
hou
seho
lds
near
ex
istin
g re
fuel
ling
stat
ions
in G
reat
er L
ondo
n (s
ampl
e=34
6)
BP
/IC lo
ngitu
dina
linf
rast
ruct
ure
stud
y:•
in 3
Lon
don
boro
ughs
(B
rom
ley,
Hav
erin
gan
d R
edbr
idge
)•
‘pho
ne s
urve
ys (
n=60
0) e
very
6 m
onth
s ov
er 3
yea
rs, f
rom
20
04 (
sam
ple:
360
0)
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Per
cept
ions
of h
ydro
gen
in L
ondo
n*
posi
tive
22%
che
mic
al38
%exp
osiv
e/fla
mm
able
13%
othe
r ne
utra
l1%
phys
ical
pr
ope
rtie
s6% fu
el/e
nerg
y13
%
dang
er
4%po
llutio
n/fu
me
s3%
“Wha
t are
the
first
wor
ds th
at c
ome
to m
ind
whe
n yo
u he
ar th
e w
ord
‘hyd
roge
n’?”
(Ask
ed in
all
stud
ies)
* A
ccep
tH2
Lond
on
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon P
ublic
atti
tude
s to
Hyd
roge
n T
rans
port
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Atti
tude
s to
H2
vehi
cles
*
“H
ow w
ould
you
feel
abo
ut th
e in
trod
uctio
n of
H2-
pow
ered
ve
hicl
es in
you
r ci
ty?”
(bef
ore
buse
s in
trod
uced
)
69
%2
%1
9%
10
%
36
%0
%6
0%
4%
62
%1
%2
9%
8%
46
%1
%5
2%
1%
52
%1
%4
1%
6%
Be
rlin
Lo
nd
on
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Pe
rth
To
tal
Su
pp
ort
Op
po
se
Ne
ed
mo
re in
form
atio
nIn
diff
ere
nt
* A
ccep
tH2
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Atti
tude
s to
H2
vehi
cles
in L
ondo
n
36%
0.2%
60%
4%
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
su
pp
ort
op
po
se
ne
ed
mo
rein
foin
dif
fere
nt
Frequency
“How
wou
ld y
ou fe
el a
bout
hyd
roge
n po
wer
ed v
ehic
les
bein
g in
trod
uced
in L
ondo
n?”
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Atti
tude
s to
H2
buse
s*“D
o yo
u th
ink
it w
ould
be
a go
od id
ea to
intr
oduc
e H
2 F
C
buse
s in
you
r ci
ty o
n a
larg
e sc
ale?
”(o
pen-
ende
d qs
. sug
gest
opp
ositi
on la
rgel
y du
e to
cos
ts, &
po
ssib
ilitie
s of
pot
entia
lly m
ore
suita
ble
alte
rnat
ives
)
55
%3
%3
4%
8%
44
%3
%4
9%
4%
55
%1
%3
2%
13
%
30
%3
%6
1%
6%
46
%3
%4
4%
7%
Be
rlin
Lo
nd
on
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Pe
rth
To
tal
Ye
sN
o
De
pe
nd
sD
on
't K
no
w/C
are
* A
ccep
tH2
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
WT
P fo
r H
2 bu
ses*
•O
vera
ll p
osi
tive
WT
P f
or
H2
bu
ses
in a
ll ci
ties:
–A
bou
t €0
.35
per
sin
gle
bus
fare
–A
bou
t €
25 p
er a
nnu
al ta
x(V
alue
s ad
just
ed to
cos
t of l
ivin
g)
•R
esp
on
den
ts’i
nte
ntio
ns
to u
se H
2 b
us:
–
Mos
t (ap
pro
x. 7
5%
in e
ach
city
) w
ou
ld ‘
take
the
fir
st b
us
that
com
es a
long’.
–<
1%
‘wo
uld
try
to ta
ke th
e n
orm
al b
us
’
* A
ccep
tH2
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
6 m
onth
s in
to H
2 bu
s tr
ials
….
•S
up
po
rt fo
r la
rge-
scal
e in
tro
. o
f H
2 b
use
s
incr
ease
d in
eve
ry c
ity
•U
sers
of
H2
bu
ses
+ve
abo
ut e
xper
ien
ce
(alth
ou
gh
no
mo
re li
kely
to s
up
po
rt H
2 b
use
s)
•P
erce
ived
ris
ks a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith H
2 t
ran
spo
rt
do
n’t
curr
ently
ap
pea
r to
be
su
bst
antia
l
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon P
ublic
atti
tude
s to
Hyd
roge
n In
fras
truc
ture
in L
ondo
n
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Atti
tude
s to
H2
Infr
astr
uctu
re in
Lon
don*
(1)
* H
2 In
fras
truc
ture
Pro
ject
Atti
tude
s to
H2
Sto
rage
Sup
port
16%
Opp
ose
4%
Indi
ffere
nt5%
Ne
ed
info
75%
“Wha
t are
you
r in
itial
feel
ings
abo
ut th
e st
orag
e of
hy
drog
en a
t exi
stin
g re
fuel
ling
stat
ions
in L
ondo
n?”
(det
ails
& lo
catio
n no
t spe
cifie
d)
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon Com
parin
g at
titud
es to
H2
vehi
cles
and
to H
2 fa
cilit
ies*
(M
ore
+ve
tow
ards
veh
icle
s; m
ore
info
. nee
ded
on
infr
astr
uctu
re)
Attit
udes
to H
2 V
ehic
les
Sup
port
33%
Opp
ose
1%Ne
ed in
fo63
%
Indi
ffere
nt3%
Atti
tude
s to
H2
Sto
rage
Sup
port
16%
Opp
ose
4%
Indi
ffere
nt5%
Ne
ed
info
75%
* H
2 In
fras
truc
ture
Pro
ject
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Atti
tude
s to
H2
Infr
astr
uctu
re in
Lon
don*
(2)
8.36
%
26.8
%
32.9
%
22.2
%
9.8%
05101520253035404550
Str
ongl
ydi
sagr
eeD
isag
ree
Nei
ther
agr
eeno
r di
asgr
eeA
gree
Str
ongl
yag
ree
% respondents“I
wou
ld b
e co
ncer
ned
if hy
drog
en w
ere
stor
ed a
t my
loca
l ref
uelin
g st
atio
n”(a
fter
info
. pro
vide
d)
* H
2 In
fras
truc
ture
Pro
ject
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Atti
tude
s to
H2
Infr
astr
uctu
re in
Lon
don*
(3)
Atti
tude
s to
war
ds d
evel
opm
ent o
f H2
refu
ellin
gfa
cilit
y at
lo
cal r
efue
lling
stat
ion
in 3
mon
ths’
time
24.5
7%
9.25
%
59.5
4%
6.65
%
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
supp
ort
oppo
sene
ed in
foin
diff
eren
t
% respondents
* H
2 In
fras
truc
ture
Pro
ject
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Atti
tude
s to
H2
faci
litie
s in
Lon
don
•S
upp
ortm
ost
like
ly a
mo
ng
st y
ou
nger
mal
es w
ith p
rior
kno
wle
dge
abou
t H2
(B
P/IC
stu
dy)
•O
ppo
sitio
nmo
re li
kely
am
on
gst:
–
Old
er r
espo
nden
ts w
ho d
istr
ust r
egul
atio
ns &
ten
ded
to
“pre
fer
it if
hyd
rog
en
were
sto
red
at
a r
efu
elli
ng
sta
tion
els
ew
here
in L
on
do
n”(B
P/I
C &
H2
Inf
rast
. st
udie
s)
–T
hose
who
had
und
ert
aken
indi
vidu
al a
ctio
ns to
influ
ence
pl
anni
ng in
the
past
(H
2 In
fras
t. st
udy)
–T
hose
who
did
not
agr
ee t
hat e
nviro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s ar
e im
port
ant (H
2 In
fras
t. st
udy)
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon O
ppos
ition
in L
ondo
n: a
clo
ser
look
(1)
1. A
war
enes
s of
H2-
fuel
led
vehi
cles
low
am
ongs
t opp
osed
res
pond
ents
:–
Less
than
1/3rd
(31
%)
of o
ppo
sers
in B
P/I
C s
tud
y h
ad h
eard
of H
2 v
ehic
les
–6
0%
of o
ppo
sers
in H
2 In
fras
tr. s
tud
y h
ad h
eard
o
f H2
•bu
t m
ost (
71%
) st
ill th
ink
them
selv
es ‘
no
t a
t a
ll’or
‘n
ot
very
kn
ow
led
gea
ble’
–A
pp
rox.
80
% o
f opp
oser
sin
bot
h s
tudi
es s
aid
they
w
oul
d ‘n
eed
more
info’
to g
ive
an o
pin
ion
abo
ut
the
intr
odu
ctio
n o
f H2
veh
icle
s
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Opp
ositi
on: a
clo
ser
look
(2)
2. O
pp
osin
g in
div
idu
als
are
no
mo
re li
kely
to
asso
ciat
e H
2 w
ith ‘b
om
b’,
‘Hin
den
bu
rg’o
r ‘e
xplo
sion
’th
an o
ther
res
po
nden
ts
(BP
/IC &
H2
Infr
ast.
Stu
dies
)
3. N
ever
thel
ess,
mo
st o
ppos
ers
(80
%)
are
‘o
ver
75
% c
ert
ain
’that
they
op
po
se lo
cal H
2 s
tora
ge
dev
elo
pm
ents
(BP
/IC s
tud
y)
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Opp
ositi
on: a
clo
ser
look
(3)
4. M
ost
op
pose
rsin
H2
Infr
astr
. stu
dy
are
will
ing
to
sp
end
tim
eop
posi
ng
loca
l H2
sto
rag
e (e
.g.
wri
te le
tter
s to
MP
, org
anis
e m
eet
ing
s).
–H
owev
er, o
nly
half
are
will
ing
to do
na
te m
on
ey
tow
ards
an
opp
ositi
on g
roup
’s e
ffor
ts.
5. O
pp
ose
rsar
e lik
ely
to h
ave un
der
take
n
ind
ivid
ual
act
ion
s to
influ
ence
pla
nn
ing
is
sues
in th
e p
ast (un
rela
ted
to H
2)
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
How
impo
rtan
t is
risk?
•R
isk
does
not
at p
rese
nta
ppea
r to
be
a se
rous
issu
e in
rel
atio
n to
H
2 tr
ansp
ort a
ccep
tabi
lity
•R
isk
poss
ibly
an
issu
e at p
rese
ntin
rel
atio
n to
H2
faci
lity
deve
lopm
ents
, but
..
–O
ppos
ed in
divi
dual
s po
orly
info
rmed
–le
t alo
ne m
isin
form
ed-
abou
t H2
–In
all
stud
ies
mos
t wou
ld ‘ne
ed
mo
re in
fo’to
be
able
to e
xpre
ss
view
s ab
out l
ocal
faci
litie
s -
so a
ttitu
des
mig
ht b
e vo
latil
e
–O
ppos
ition
driv
en b
y m
an
y di
ffer
ent f
act
ors
–In
som
e ca
ses
H2
‘risk
’pos
sibl
y a
(str
ate
gic)
‘v
ehic
le’t
o va
lidat
e op
posi
tion
on o
ther
gro
unds
?
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Fur
ther
Res
earc
h?
Mig
ht u
sefu
lly e
xplo
re:
•In
itial
driv
ers
of o
ppos
ition
to/s
upp
ort
for
H2
.
•W
het
her
/ho
w th
e ac
t of o
ppo
sing
loca
l fac
ility
d
evel
op
men
ts p
rovi
des
ben
efits
/cos
ts to
peo
ple.
•H
ow
atti
tude
s to
H2
veh
icle
s/in
fras
truc
ture
var
y w
ith
info
rmat
ion
, kno
wle
dge
& e
xper
ienc
e.
•W
ider
issu
es r
elat
ing
to ‘u
nfa
mili
ar’/’
new
’te
chno
log
ies
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
Ref
eren
ces
O’G
arra
, T.,
Mou
rato
, S. a
nd P
ears
on, P
. (20
05)
‘Ana
lysi
ng a
war
enes
s an
d ac
cept
abili
ty o
f hyd
roge
n ve
hicl
es: a
Lon
don
case
stu
dy’,
Inte
rnat
iona
l Jou
rnal
of H
ydro
gen
Ene
rgy,
30,
649
-659
O’G
arra
, T. (
2005
) P
ublic
Acc
epta
bilit
y of
and
Pre
fere
nces
for
Hyd
roge
n F
uel C
ell B
uses
and
Ref
uelli
ngIn
fras
truc
ture
, The
sis
subm
itted
for
the
Deg
ree
of D
octo
r of
Phi
loso
phy,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Lo
ndon
, Im
peria
l Col
lege
Lon
don,
Aug
. 200
5. [N
ote:
Dr
O’G
arra
’sP
hD r
esea
rch
was
sup
port
ed b
y th
e Jo
hn S
tanl
ey
Stu
dent
ship
]
O’G
arra
, T. (
2005
) ‘C
ompa
rativ
e A
naly
sis
of th
e Im
pact
of t
he
Hyd
roge
n B
us T
rials
on
Pub
lic A
war
enes
s, A
ttitu
des
and
Pre
fere
nces
: a C
ompa
rativ
e S
tudy
of F
our
Citi
es’,
Fin
al A
naly
sis
Rep
ort,
Acc
eptH
2 pr
ojec
t, (w
ww
.acc
epth
2.co
m),
Res
earc
h fu
nded
by
the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on u
nder
Fift
h F
ram
ewor
k P
rogr
amm
e,
Con
trac
t EN
K5-
CT
-200
2 80
653
Impe
rial C
olle
geLo
ndon
End
–T
hank
You
!