Public Policy Opportunities to

Improve Food and Nutrition

Security in India

Lawrence Haddad

Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition

(GAIN)

Public Policy Opportunities to

Improve Food and Nutrition

Security in India

Lawrence Haddad

Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition

(GAIN)

∧|

Private

Deficient in vitamins or minerals

500

million

???

Overweight

or Obese

~180

million SOFI 2018 & GNR 2017

Chronic Hunger

196 million

26m wasted

3m U5

overweigh

t

47m stunted

The Nutrition Problem in India

Inadequate food consumption is the common denominator in all forms of malnutrition

Type 2

D

iabetes

Poor Diets

India

Poor diet contributes to 6 of the top 10 burden

of disease factors in India

5 Source: IHME, http://www.healthdata.org/results/country-profiles

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Fruit, g/day Vegetables,g/day

Beans,legumes,

g/day

Seafood,g/day

Milk, g/day Sugarsweetenedbeverages,

g/day

Bangladesh India Indonesia Pakistan

On average, compared to Bangladesh, India has a

relatively low quality diet (2010)

Data provided by: Global Dietary Database, Tufts

Food consumption does not automatically improve with income growth

8 5 6 1

-8

12

-7

2

2013 19

8

-8

37

4

-16

165

-3

18

40

-14

39

96

Vegetables & Pulses Seafood Sugar sweetened beverages

g/day

% change in

consumption,1990-2010

Source: Global Dietary Database estimates for GAIN

East Asia

Africa

South Asia

From FAO data in Fig 6.3 Global Panel 2016 report

quality

quantity

Food Availability Has Diversified Weakly in

South Asia (vertical axis)

Healthy foods like fresh fruits & vegetables

are unaffordable for large parts of South Asia

52%Share of per capita

household income

to buy

5 fruits and

vegetables

/day/person

Banglades

h India

Pakistan

Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Miller, Victoria et al. The Lancet Global Health , Volume 4 , Issue 10 , e695 - e703

X

X

Need to Engage Business.

Government and Civil Society Cannot Do it Alone

Transporters, aggregators,

warehouses, distributors

Basic processing, industrial

processing, packaging

Wholesalers and markets, retailers

(formal & informal), restaurants

Farms, ranches, fisheries,

Agricultural input companies (seeds etc.)

Source: HLPE 2017

Businesses are everywhere in the food

systemRefrigeration, preservatives,

Testing equipment

Media (traditional & social);

Marketing companies

Private employers;

Traders and speculators

Business finance institutions;

Infrastructure companies

7080

8795 98 96

Pakistan 2013 India 2011 Bangladesh 2016

% of Food & Beverages purchased, RURAL households

% of Food & Beverages purchased, URBAN households

Most households in South Asia get food from

markets, even in rural areas, so they are already

engaging with businesses

Source: World Bank LSMS Data prepared for GAIN

% of 23,000 product lines that are "healthy” (health

star>3.5)32%

Number of companies that cover all media in their

responsible marketing commitments to children6

Number of companies that extend responsible

marketing to children in the 13-18 year group1

Top score on Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes

(Danone)46%

Results from Access to Nutrition Index 2018(22 largest food and beverage companies)

https://www.accesstonutrition.org/sites/gl18.atnindex.org/files/resources/atni_report_global_index_2018.pdf

But, businesses are a big part of the problem

Different Public Private Solution Approaches

Leverage

Blend

Transform

Dialogue

Dialogue

BUT…the “private sector” is diverse and full of opportunity and risk. Dialogue is needed to identify

the former and minimize the latter

Types of

companies to

consider

engaging with

Multinational firms

Small, Medium and Large

National enterprises

Food Companies

Companies that

can affect food

system – Need to

be Engaged

Types of

companies to

consider

engaging with

Multinational firms

Small, Medium and Large

National enterprises

Food Companies

1. The ATNI – measured companies

Need to be incentivized to do more

for nutrition

(15% of global food sales

50% of global soft drink sales)

Companies that

can affect food

system – Need to

be Engaged

Incentivize and pressure big food companies to do more good things for nutrition & fewer bad things

Incentives from

government

Accountability

from civil society

Demand from

consumers

Search for purpose

from employees

ESG Pressure

from shareholders

Change from within

companies

Types of

companies to

consider

engaging with

Multinational firms

Small, Medium and Large

National enterprises

Food Companies

2. In nutritious food

sectors, SME’s need

support to expand sales,

improve safety of food

Companies that

can affect food

system – Need to

be Engaged

Many companies want to expand their sales of

nutritious foods -because it is good

business

Types of

companies to

consider

engaging with

Multinational firms

Small, Medium and

Large National

enterprises

Food Companies

Companies that

can affect food

system – Need to

be Engaged

3. Creative Agencies

Mobile Phone Operators

Refrigeration

Renewal energy

Banks

22

Lack of cold transportation

from farm to retail

Lack of cooling facility in the market

Lack of proper crating/Packaging

Co

ld C

hai

nP

acka

gin

g &

C

rati

ng

Tomato Supply Chain Opportunities in Nigeria

GAIN and partners’ work in Nigeria: Interventions for Reducing Food Loss

Leverage

The fortification gap for Edible Oil in Rajasthan (2014)

100

89.4

24.3

India, Rajasthan

Household uses vehicle*

Vehicle is fortifiable**

Vehicle is fortified***

% of households

Blend

Finance – get slide on access to finance for SMEs

Blended Finance can help overcome financial

barriers of Small and Medium Enterprises working to

make Nutritious Foods more affordable

World Bank Enterprise Surveyshttp://www.enterprisesurveys.org/data/exploretopics/firm-characteristics

Access to finance as a barrier: Dark red=most important barrier

Transform

Fiscal Policy

Legislation

En

forc

em

en

tIn

frastr

uc

ture

Lea

de

rsh

ipAccountability

Innovation

Prices that capture

externalities

Standards

Incentives

“Healthy Gossip”: Use Humor & Emotion to

Build Demand for Nutritious Food

Healthy Gossip Campaign in Indonesia

Can we incentivize companies

who commit themselves to

nutritious foods by offering them

discounts when they locate in

Ethiopia’s new Industrial Parks?

Accountability tools that GAIN is developing to

strengthen the Enabling Environment for NSF

• Food Systems Dashboard: where is a nation’s

food system weakest when it comes to improving

consumption of NSF?

• Access to Nutrition Index for smaller National

Companies: how can companies do better to

deliver NSF to their customers?

• Nutrition Connect: resources for those who want

to know how public private engagements can

advance nutrition

Poor diet contributes to five of the top 10 risk factors

in the burden of disease in Switzerland

Switzerland

Thank you