public policy2
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Public Policy
Ms. April J. Rivera
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Definitions:
Whatever governments choose to do or not to do.(Dye, 1972, p. 18)
A proposed course of action of a person, group or
government within a given environment
providing obstacles and opportunities which the policy
was proposed to utilize and overcome in
an effort to reach a goal or realize an objective or
purpose. (Frederich, 1963, p. 79)
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Definitions
A broad guide to present and future decisions, selectedin light of given conditions from a
number of alternatives; the actual decision or set of
decisions designed to carry out the chosen
course of actions; a projected program consisting of
desired objectives (goals) and the means of
achieving them. (Daneke and Steiss, 1978)
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Definitions
Commitment to a course or plan of action agreedto by a group of people with the power to carry
it out.(Dodd et al., nd, p. 2)
A plan of action agreed to by a group of people
with the power to carry it out and enforce it.
(Capacity Building, p. 1)
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Definitions
Public policy is the broadframework of ideas and values
within which decisions are takenand action, or inaction, is pursued
by governments in relation to
some issue or problem. (Brooks,1989, p. 16)
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public policy is a choice ordecision made by government
that guides subsequentactions in similar
circumstances
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Some pointers
IndividualsFamilies
Organization
Governments
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Considerations in policy
making
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Public interest
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Fairness and equity Reflective
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Characteristics of a good policy
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Socially acceptable
Politically viable
Technically correct
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Sources of Public Policy
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Two categories of Policy issues:
those already on thepublic policy agenda
those not on the publicpolicy agenda
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Policies can be:
Reactive
Preactive
Proactive
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Preactive
when it responds to triggers that arerecognized because we are
scanning the operating environment,
identifying potential issues and
factors that could affect us,
and predicting and preparing formitigation and/or contingency
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Proactive
developing and pursuing avision; leading from values
and principles. Are the changes in policy
being driven by governmentor community?
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Basic Types of Public Policy
Vertical Policy
Horizontal Policy
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Vertical Policy
Normal and traditional way of policy making Developed within a single organizational structure
Starts with broad overarching policy called corporate
or framework policy
Decisions are made at the head office which guide
subsequent decisions throughout the organization
Broad policy from specific policy
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Horizontal Policy
Sectoral Multi-sectoral Integrated
Less Complex More Complex
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Sectoral Policy
Policy developedwithin a sector
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Integrated Policy
When thegroups developing the policy are able
to determine a shared, super ordinate
goal and to work
collaboratively to achieve policy that
addresses root causes as well assymptoms
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PROBLEM!!!
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Horizontal issues do not fit in a box -- theydont respect turf, they dont fit within the
jurisdiction of departments, they dont
respect boundaries. They do not fit withinthe constitutional definition of what level of
government does what -- or even which
country does what. (Bourgon, 1996)
S ifi bl h i t l
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Specific problems on horizontal
policies
Fragmentation
Superficiality
Dissociation
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