PULMONARY EDEMA

PULMONARY EDEMA

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. The fluid accumulate in the interstitial spaces or in the alveoli.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONSAnxiety and restlessFeeling of suffocationPale skinDistended neck veinsNoisy breathing

ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGSAuscultation the lung fieldsChest x-ray

MEDICAL MANAGEMENTOxygen therapyMorphineDiureticsDobutamineMilrinoneNesiritide

NURSING MANAGEMENTPositioning the patient to promote circulation

Providing psychological supportMonitoring medications

CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to supply the amount of oxygen needed by the tissues

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONSHypoxiaLow BPRapid and weak pulseCold and clammy skinIncreased respiratory cracklesDecreased urinary output

ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGSPulmonary Artery Catheter

MEDICAL MANAGEMENTVasodilatorsDiureticsInotropic medications

Intra- aortic balloon pump (IABP)

NURSING MANAGEMENT

Observe the cardiac rhythmMonitor hemodynamic parameters

Record fluid intake and urinary output