pumps
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented By:
Ameer Hamza DDP-SP13-BEC-10M. Atif Rauf DDP-SP13-BEC-48Hafiz Tariq javid DDP-SP13-BEC-22Fakhar Hayat DDP-SP13-BEC-18
Thermodynamics 2
Comsats institute of information and technology Lahore
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Pumps
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Pump:
Pump is a mechanical device, pumps increases the mechanical energy of fluid, Increasing its velocity, pressure or elevation.
Positive Displacement pump Centrifugal Pump
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Positive Displacement Pump:
PD pumps apply pressure directly to the fluid by reciprocating motion.
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Types of PD Pump:
Positive displacement pump
Reciprocating
Apply direct pressure to fluid by reciprocating piston
Contain moveable piston or plunger to displace fluid
Rotary
The chamber moves from inlet to discharge and back to the inlet
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Reciprocating pump:
Piston pump Plunger pump Diaphragm Pump
Rotary Pump:
Gear Pump Lobe pump Van Pump Peristalic Pump
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Piston Pump:
Discharge pressure up to 50 atm
Application:High pressure purpose
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Plunger pumps :Use to produce 1500 atm or more
Mostly motor drivenSingle acting
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Diaphragm pumps :Use to produce 100 atm
Application:Corrosive or toxic liquid handling
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Mechanical Efficiency of Reciprocating:
For small pumps: 40 to 50 % For large pumps: 70 to 90% Efficiency independent of speed under normal conditions. Decrease slightly with a increase suction pressure
Volume efficiencyThe ratio of the volume of fluid discharge to the volume swept by the piston or plunger is called volumetric efficiency
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Gear Pump:
Minimize leakage due to close tolerance between moving and stationary parts
Liquid must be clean, moderately viscous fluids i.e. light lubricating oil
Spur-gear pump Internal-gear pump
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Lobe pump:
Vane Pump :
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Peristalic Pump:
Use for small flow rates and constant flow rates No air leakage or possibility to air (leakproof)
ApplicationProduction of biomedical, pharmaceuticals etc.
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Centrifugal Pump:
Centrifugal force generates high rotational velocities, then convert the resulting K.E of the fluid to pressure energy.
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Parts of Centrifugal Pump:
Stationary components
Casing Volute Circular
Seal chamber and stuffing box
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Moving Components
Impeller
Shaft
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Types of Centrifugal pump:
Multistage centrifugal pump Leak proof centrifugal pump
Canned-rotor pump
Magnetic-derive pump
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Multistage Centrifugal Pump:
When a head greater than 200 ft (60 m) is needed, two or more impeller sCan be mounted in series on a single shaft multistage pump is obtained, the Discharge from the first impeller provides suction for the 2nd and second for The 3rd, and so forth.
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Leakproof centrifugal pump:
Used for handling dangerous liquids.
Canned-rotor pumpsA canned like stainless steel structure cover the rotor which keep the pumped fluid away from the rotor.
Magnetic-derive pumpImpeller carries magnetic is driven by the magnetic disk on the other side of casing walls.
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If the suction pressure is slightly greater than vapor pressure of the liquidSome liquid may flash to vapors inside the pump
It greatly reduces the pump capacity
Causes serve erosion
Cavitation:
Disadvantages:
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Selection parameters:
Amount of the fluid
The fluid properties
Head required
Type of the flow
Power supply
Cost compared to efficiency
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Pressure developed by the pump :
Depends on, Impeller dia No. of impeller Size of the impeller eye Shaft speed
Size of Pump:depends on,
Head capacity
Key parameters for determining efficiency:Depends on, Flow Head Power
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Head:
Head is the height at which a pump can raise water up.
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Power requirement:
Power supplied to the pump derive from external source
PB= mWp
Power delivered to the fluid is calculated by mass flow rate and head developed
Pf=mΔH
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Pump Priming:
To remove the entrapped air inside the pump is called pump priming
When we do it? First start up after a long time First start up after maintenance First start up for a new pump
How we do it ?
If there is any air entrapped in the suction line, we need to replace this air with liquid.
Air can be displaced by liquid from any tank into the suction line and submerge the pump impeller
Note: Positive displacement pump can compress the gas to a required discharge pressure, that’s why they are known to self priming
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