pune, india, 13 – 15 december 2010 itu-t kaleidoscope 2010 beyond the internet? - innovations for...
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Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for
future networks and services
Dr. Bamba Gueye Joint work with Ibrahima Niang and Bassirou Kasse
University Cheikh Anta Diop of [email protected]
http://edmi.ucad.sn/~gueye
GEOHYBRID: A HIERARCHICAL APPROACH FOR ACCURATE AND
SCALABLE GEOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION
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Motivations
New class of location-aware applicationsWeb services: targeted advertising, locating cyber-criminality, restricted content delivery Location-based security check
Geographic information of the Internet routes
Analyze the geographic behavior of network routing, internet topology mapping
Optimization of the decision taking process of a Grid Resource Broker
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Problem statement
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AS1 AS2AS3
IP-location mapping: Given the IP address of an Internet host, can we estimate its geographic location?
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How to locate Internet host ?
Passive measurements approachUse databases and exhaustive tabulation
Ex: GeoBytes, GeoURL, GeoIP
Active measurements approachRound-trip time-based or/and Traceroute-based
Ex: GeoPing, CBG, GeoBuD, GeoTrack, SarangWorld project
Hybrid approachEx: GeoHybrid
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Passive measurements approach
DNS-basedIncorporating location information in DNS records
RFC 1876
Whois-based approachUse location information recorded in the Whois database
141.152.24.9: where am I? Response = the location of the ISP Verizon (141.149.0.0/13), Reston, VA
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Drawbacks
Information recorded in Whois database may be inaccurate or stale
Large ISPs advertise only aggregate prefix for reasons of scalability
Single prefix with multiple locations [Feamster et al. IMC05, Gueye et al. PAM08]
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Active measurement approach
DNS-based approach
Observation:Recognizable host: geographically meaningful names
Ex: bcr1-so-2-0-0.Paris.cw.net
Use the reports of “traceroute”
Location of a target host = location of the last recognizable router on the path
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DNS-based approach drawbacks
No rules for naming the routers [Rexford et al. USENIX06]
charlotte.ucsd.edu – San Diego, CA (not Charlotte, NC)
dnverng-kscyng.abilene.ucaid.edu – Denver, CO (not Kansas, KS)
The last recognizable router can be located far
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Active measurements approach
GeoPing-like [Padmanabhan et al. SIGCOMM01]
The number of possible locations of a given host is equal to the number of landmarks (discrete space of answers)
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CBG: A continuous response space via multilateration
Multilateration [Gueye et al. ToN06]
Estimates position using distance estimates from some fixed pointsSimilar to GPS
Active measurementsFrom a set of landmarks to a target hostSelect minimum RTT Transformation of RTT measurements into distance
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Constraint-Based Geolocation (CBG) : locating Internet host
Multilateration using distance constraints
Distance constraints are overestimatedAssigns confidence region to each location estimate
IntersectionEstimated location of target hostConfidence region
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P1
P2
P3
d2
d3
d1
d2 + d’2
d3 + d’3 d1 + d’1
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Contributions
GeoHybridCombination of active and passive measurementsReduce the number of measurements injected in the network
Geolocation service for grid computing middleware
Useful for the optimization of the decision taking process of a Grid Resource Broker
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GeoHybrid: A comprehensive technique for geolocalization
GeoHybrid is based on: active measurements
CBG approachpassive measurements
Database with exhaustive tabulation
Heuristic implementedFind the nearest set of landmarks for a given target host
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Geolocationqueries
Database(IP to location
mappings)
Server
Scripts for handlings active measurements
Geolocationanswers
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Experimental setup
74 PlanetLab nodes as landmarks
127 hosts (AMP and RIPE nodes) as targets
GeoIP’s database [MaxMind LLC]
1,876,596 blocks of IP addresses
Each block has its own geographic location such as country, region, city or latitude/longitude
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Results
Random approach: 30 samples for each landmarks
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Heuristic approach
Median error: 175 km
Random approach
Median error: 400 km
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Summary of GeoHybrid
GeoHybrid reduces:
Number of measurements
Response time
A set of 20 nearest landmarks are sufficient to locate Internet hosts
Exhaustive tabulation is difficult to manage and keep updated
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Geolocation-based Grid Optimizer
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Conclusions
GeoHybrid allows to reduce the number of measurementsThe proposed measurement middleware service brings benefits for the area of grid computing
Mitigates the amount of traffic exchanged across the grid
We plan to implement this middleware in the Research Education Network of Senegal
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