puppet getting started by dirk götz
DESCRIPTION
Puppet getting started will show the different components used in puppet environments, starting with facter and puppet to different webinterfaces like puppet enterprise console and foreman. It will also cover an exemplary design for scaling the puppet master and for development livecycle of modules. Furthermore an example for design of modules will be given.TRANSCRIPT
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www.netways.de // blog.netways.de // @netways
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27 NOVEMBER 2013 | PUPPET CAMP
PUPPET GETTING STARTED
DIRK GÖTZ | NETWAYS GMBH
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AGENDA
■ Brief introduction
■ Configuration management
■ Components
■ Design your environment
■ Design your workflow
■ Design your module
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO NETWAYS
• Founded in 1995
• Open source since 1997
• 40 employees
• Specialised in open source systems
management and open source data
center infrastructure
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Puppet Camp 2014
• 11 April 2014
• 110 attendees (April 2013)
• 170 attendees (November 2014)
Open Source Data Center Conference
• 8 – 10 April 2014
• 120 attendees (2013)
• 2 tracks of presentations & workshops
NETWAYS CONFERENCES
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CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
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Golden images
Software solutions
CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
Manual configuration
Self-made scripts
for i in $(cat host.cfg)dossh user@$i uname -a
done
Types of „Automation“
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THE PUPPET WAY
1. Define
2. Simulate
3. Enforce
4. Report
Desired StateCurrent State
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THE PUPPET WAY - DEFINE
■ Using Puppet Domain Specific Language (DSL)
■ Describe relationship between resources
■ Create modular reuseable code
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THE PUPPET WAY - SIMULATE
■ Simulate deployment
■ Without changes to your system
■ Test and fix it before enforcing
$ sudo puppet apply ntp.pp --verbose --noopInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/root_home.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/pe_version.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/vmware.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/last_run.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/facter_dot_d.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/puppet_vardir.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/puppi_projects.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/concat_basedir.rbError: Could not find template 'ntp/ntp.conf.erb' at /tmp/ntp.pp:9 on node puppet.localdomainError: Could not find template 'ntp/ntp.conf.erb' at /tmp/ntp.pp:9 on node puppet.localdomain
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THE PUPPET WAY - ENFORCE
■ Compares current state and desired state
■ Changes to desired state
■ Idempotency
$ sudo puppet agent -tInfo: Retrieving pluginInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/root_home.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/pe_version.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/vmware.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/last_run.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/facter_dot_d.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/puppet_vardir.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/puppi_projects.rbInfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/concat_basedir.rbInfo: Caching catalog for puppet.localdomainInfo: Applying configuration version '1384768191‚Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.54 seconds
Desired StateCurrent State
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THE PUPPET WAY - REPORT
■ Report changes and metrics
■ Many different presentation formats
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COMPONENTS – BASIC TOOLS
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PUPPET WORKFLOW
SSL-Encryption
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FACTER
■ Open source Ruby library by Puppet Labs
■ Provides information on your host
■ CLI returns key-value pairs
$ facterarchitecture => x86_64augeasversion => 0.9.0blockdevice_sr0_model => QEMU DVD-ROMblockdevice_sr0_size => 1073741312blockdevice_sr0_vendor => QEMUblockdevices => sr0,vdadomain => localdomainfacterversion => 1.7.3filesystems => ext4,iso9660fqdn => puppet.localdomain
$ facter osfamilyRedHat
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PUPPET
■ Open source Ruby library by Puppet Labs
■ Client server based
• REST-API• X509 certificates
■ Platform independent
• Puppet Domain Specific Language• Providers for different platforms
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PUPPET DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE
■ Abstracts resources
■ Resource types
• user, group, • file, package, service, • exec, • …and many more• possible to create your own
■ Type and title/name pairs must be unique
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PUPPET PROVIDERS
■ Resource Abstraction Layer
• Resource types• Providers
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PUPPET – MORE ABSTRACTION
■ Class groups resources in one manifest
■ Syntax constructs possible
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PUPPET – SYNTAX CONSTRUCTS
■ Variables (but are more like constants)
■ Logical structures
• selectors• case statements• if/elseif/else statements
■ Dependencies
• require/before• subscribe/notify
■ Inheritance
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PUPPET – MORE ABSTRACTION
■ Module groups classes and corresponding files
modulename|-- files – static files|-- lib – custom facts, functions, resources|-- manifests – manifests containing classes|-- spec – tests for rspec-puppet|-- templates – dynamic files|-- tests – examples declaring classes
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PUPPET FILESERVER
■ File transfer from master
• puppet:///modules/modulename/filename
■ “Magic“ mount point for modules
■ Additional mount points possible
■ Recursion for directories possible
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PUPPET PLUGIN SYNC
■ Option on the agent
■ Syncs from all modules
• custom facts• custom resources (types and providers)
■ Before the actual Puppet run occurs
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PUPPET TEMPLATES
■ Function executed on server
■ ERB (Plain text with embedded Ruby)
• variables (including facts)• conditionals• iterations• access to tags and classes• usage of Puppet functions
■ Combination of multiple templates possible
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PUPPET NODE DECLARATION
■ Connects system (node) with functionality (classes)
• Single hosts
• Mulitiple hosts (by regular expression)
• Default
• Inheritance possible
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COMPONENTS – BASIC GUI
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BASIC GUI – ADDED FUNCTIONALITY
■ Reporting target
• Collects reports• Graphical presentation
■ External Node Classifier (ENC)
• Graphical node declaration• Adds groups
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PUPPET - REPORTING
■ Enable on agent
■ Choose target on server
• http/https• log• tagmail• store• rrdgraph• puppetdb
■ Multiple targets possible
■ Create your own
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PUPPET - ENC
■ External source for node declaration
• Script returning yaml• LDAP
■ Merged with internal node declaration
$/etc/puppet/node.rb puppet.localdomain---environment: productionparameters: foreman_env: productionowner_name: Admin Userdomainname: ""owner_email: root@localdomainroot_pw: $1$default$hCkak1kaJPQILNmYbUXhD0puppetmaster: ""
classes: profiles::default:
dn: cn=testserver,ou=Hosts,dc=madstop,dc=comobjectClass: deviceobjectClass: ipHostobjectClass: puppetClientobjectClass: topcn: testserverenvironment: testingipHostNumber: 192.168.0.50description: My test serverl: dc1puppetClass: testingpuppetVar: owner_name=„Admin user“
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PUPPET DASHBOARD
■ Open source ruby web interface
• Version <= 1.2 by Puppet Labs• Version >= 2 by community
http://puppetlabs.com/presentations/story-dashboard-20
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COMPONENTS – ORCHESTRATION
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ORCHESTRATION
■ Centralized execution on multiple systems
■ Different solutions
• ssh loops• func• fabric• capistrano• mcollective• … and many more
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MCOLLECTIVE
■ Open source Ruby framework by Puppet Labs
■ Facter for grouping
■ Middleware for communication
$ mco package status httpd -F kernel=Linux
* [ ============================================================> ] 3 / 3
centos63a version = httpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1ubuntu1204a version = httpd-purgedmaster version = httpd-purged
---- package agent summary ----Nodes: 3 / 3
Versions: 1 * 2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1, 2 * purgedElapsed Time: 0.12 s
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PUPPET ENTERPRISE CONSOLE
■ Ruby web interface based on dashboard
• Auditing• Live management
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COMPONENTS – DEPLOYMENT
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DEPLOYMENT
■ Config management needs running agent
■ (Agent needs running operating system)
■ Different solutions:
• Kickstart / Autoyast / Preseed / Jumpstart• Cobbler / kickstand• Razor• Puppet Cloud Provisioner• Foreman• … and many more
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RAZOR
■ Open source Ruby library by Puppet Labs/EMC
■ Client
• micro-kernel for PXE boot
■ Server
• REST-API• CLI
■ Policy connects
• host profiles• operating system• config management
{"name": "centos-for-small","repo": { "name": "centos-6.4" },"installer": { "name": "centos" },"broker": { "name": "noop" },"enabled": true,"hostname": "host${id}.example.com","root_password": "secret","max_count": "20","rule_number": "100","tags": [{ "name": "small", "rule": ["<=", ["num", ["fact",
"processorcount"]], 2]}]}
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CLOUD PROVISIONER
■ Open source Ruby library by Puppet Labs
■ Instantiates cloud instances
• EC2• VMware• OpenStack• Google Compute Engine
■ Installs Puppet using SSH
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FOREMAN
■ Open source Ruby web interface by Ohad Levy
(Red Hat)
• Reporting target• ENC• Provisioning
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FOREMAN – SMART PROXIES
■ Connects GUI and Backends
• puppet• puppetca• tftp• dhcp• dns
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FOREMAN – COMPUTE RESOURCES
■ Integrates virtualization and cloud platforms
• Libvirt• oVirt / RHEV• VMware• EC2• Google Compute Engine• OpenStack• Rackspace
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COMPONENTS – MORE FEATURES
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EXPORTED RESOURCES
■ One node creates resource
■ Another node realizes that resource
■ Resource needs to be stored:
• Stored configs (deprecated)• PuppetDB
■ Use cases:
• host entries• sshkey management• monitoring / backup• other centralized services
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PUPPETDB
■ PostgreSQL and Java based data warehouse solution
by Puppet Labs
■ Collects
• Facts• Catalogs• Reports (optional)
■ Used for
• Inventory service• Exported resources
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HIERA
■ Open source Ruby library by Puppet Labs
■ Hierarchical data look-up separates code and data
■ Integrated in Puppet >3 / addon for Puppet <3
$cat hiera.yaml---:backends:- yaml
:yaml::datadir: /etc/puppet/hieradata
:hierarchy:- `hosts/${::fqdn}´- `location/${::location}´- common
$cat hosts/specialhost.localdomainntp::server = 192.168.23.23
$ cat location/rz2ntp::server = 192.168.2.23yum:mirror = 192.168.2.42
$ cat commonntp::server = 192.168.0.23yum::mirror = 192.168.0.42proxy::server = [`192.168.0.237´,`192.168.0.238´]
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COMPONENTS – SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT
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SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT
■ Provider needs defined sources for software
■ Local mirror reduces traffic
■ Many different tools
• rsync / createrepo• updian• Spacewalk / Red Hat Satellite / Suse Manager• pulp / katello• … and many more
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PULP
■ Open source Python repository management
by Red Hat
■ Server:
• Import and upload of content• rpm and puppet modules• Publish web-based or ISO images
■ Client:
• Server-side management and reporting
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KATELLO
■ Java web interface by Red Hat
■ Combines:
• candlepin (subscription management)• pulp (software management)• Foreman + Puppet (configuration management)
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DESIGN YOUR ENVIRONMENT
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CHOICES
■ Support / packages needed?
■ Best method to report?
■ Resources to export?
■ Deployment needed?
■ Software management needed?
■ Node declaration or ENC?
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SCALE UP
■ Puppet easily scales up
■ Start simple, grow with your environment
■ Rule of thumb:
number of nodes * catalog compile time (in seconds)number of masters = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cores per master * run interval (in seconds)
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SCALE UP
■ Only one certficate authority
• Only needed for registration
■ Load balance Puppet traffic
■ GUI only required for users
• But ENC / Reporting always required
■ Orchestration
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SCALE UP – EXAMPLE: PUPPET ENTERPRISE
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DESIGN YOUR WORKFLOW
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EDITOR
■ vim – text editor
• vim-puppet – synthax highlight• tabular – style guide conformity• puppet-lint – style guide conformity• syntastic – validation
■ Geppetto – eclipse based IDE
synthax hightlight, style guide conformity, module creation
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STYLEGUIDE
■ Official guidehttp://docs.puppetlabs.com/guides/style_guide.html
• readability• work with and without features• simple and robust• shareable / useable by others
■ Create your own
• based on official guide• make your own rules
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TESTING
■ puppet parser validate – syntax
■ puppet-lint – style guide conformity
■ puppet apply --noop – simulate
■ vagrant – simulate
■ rspec-puppet – expected results
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VERSION CONTROL SYSTEM
■ Pre-Commit / Pre-Receive
• use for validation and review
■ Post-Commit
• checkout in environment
■ Versioning for change management
■ Solutions:
• Version control: svn, git, bazaar• Validation & Review: gerrit, jenkins/hudson
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STAGING
■ Puppet environments
• Different versions of modules
■ Use your own versioning
• config_version: script returns version string
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DOCUMENTATION
■ Inline
• RDoc markup• Console output• HTML generation
■ README
• Markdown
■ Modulefile
• used by Puppet module tool
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DESIGN YOUR MODULE
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CONSIDERATIONS
■ Where to start?
■ Use cases?
• different platforms• different roles• small adjustments• one-time or multiple objects
■ ‚Part of it‘ or separate?
• Dependencies
■ Templates or files?
■ Write your own?
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PUPPET FORGE
■ Community platform for modules
• Web platform• Command line tool
■ Module information:
• Author• Project homepage and issue tracker• Tags• Releases and download count• Test results
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PUPPET FORGE – EXAMPLE
example42
■ 96 modules on forge / more on github
■ always same layout
■ supports: Red Hat, CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian,
Mint, SLES, OpenSuSE, FreeBSD
■ adds monitoring, firewall and puppi (own script library)
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MODULE DESIGN – MORE ABSTRACTION
■ Classes abstract resources
■ Modules abstract classes
■ Nodes contain the logic
Not maintainable!
node 'basil.puppetlabs.vm' {class { 'apache’:version => 'latest’,
}class { 'motd': }class { 'ssh’: }if $::operatingsystem == 'solaris' {class { 'users’:default_shell => '/bin/false’,
}}else {class { 'users': }
}Class['ssh’] -> Class['users’]
}
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MODULE DESIGN – MORE ABSTRACTION
■ Classes abstract resources
■ Modules abstract classes
■ Profiles contain the logic
• abstract the modules• separate implementation
from technology
class profiles::application {include tomcatinclude mysqlinclude componenta
}class profiles::application::x inheritsprofiles::application {include componentbcomponentb::resource { 'name':ensure => present,
}}class profiles::application::y inheritsprofiles::application {include componentcinclude componentd
}class profiles::application::z inheritsprofiles::application {include componentbinclude componentdinclude dependencyClass['dependency'] -> Class['componentd']
}
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MODULE DESIGN – MORE ABSTRACTION
■ Classes abstract resources
■ Modules abstract classes
■ Profiles contain the logic
■ Roles contain business logic
• no logic, just profiles• separate business role from implementation
■ Node has exactly one role
• No Puppet know-how neededfor node declaration
class role::webapp {include profiles::baseinclude profiles::customappinclude profiles::test_tools
}
node ‘web1.example.com’ {include role:webapp
}
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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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NETWAYS GmbH
Deutschherrnstrasse 15-19
90429 Nürmberg
Phone: +49 911 92885-0
Fax: +49 911 92885-77
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.netways.de
Twitter: twitter.com/netways
Facebook: facebook.com/netways
Blog: blog.netways.de
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS