pupuk p dan k

8/13/2019 PUPUK P dan K

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PUPUK P dan K


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Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured from mined apatite minerals

Apatite is treated with H2SO4or H3PO4to form variousinorganic P fertilizers:

superphosphate (0-20-0)solid

triple superphosphate (0-45-0) solid mono ammonium phosphate (11-52-0) solid

di ammonium phosphate (18-46-0) solid

ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) liquid

Phosphoric Acid (0-52-0) liquid

Organic: manures contain 0.5 to 2.0% P

P analysis in commercial fertilizers is expressed as%P2O5


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Common phosphate fertilizers with

ammonium

Monoammonium phosphate (MAP)

NH4H2PO4 pH of 0.1M solution is 4.0

H2PO4- HPO4

2-+ H+

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (NH4)2HPO4 pH of 0.1M solution is 7.8

HPO42- H2PO4

-+ OH-

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) pH 6.06.5

Hydrolysis reaction

Sauchelli, 1965Photos courtesy of Agrium


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BFA Pupuk P

BFA

H2SO4 H2SO4H2SO4H2SO4H2SO4H2SO4

H3PO4H3PO4

NH3

NH3 NH3Normal

SuperFosfat

0-20-0

TSP

0-46-0

Superfosfat

beramonia

8-16-0

SP 36

0-36-0

Amonium

Fosfat

11-55-0

18-46-0

Asam

SuperFosfat

Amonium

Polifosfat

Fosfat

nitrat

Amonium

Fosfat

11-55-0

18-46-0

NH3

NH3

HCl


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Methods of P fertilization

Most common application of P fertilizers: Broadcastfertilizerover the soil surface and then incorporate it with a tillageoperation.

Alternative: Band with the seed, or two inches below and to

the side of the seed at planting.

Broadcast-incorporationis less time consuming and is popularwhen large acreages must be fertilized and planted in a short

period of time, or labor is scarce.


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Methods of nutrient placement


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Broadcasting

Broadcast TSP followed

by listing (making beds)

Maricopa, AZ


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Preplant Applications

Broadcast

Uniform distributionof dry or liquidmaterials over the

soil surface Can be mechanically

incorporated

Can be incorporated

by rain or irrigation

Liquid manure from hog feeding being pumped onto farmland inIowa, USDA-NRCS


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Band Application

Surface band near transplanted

broccoli, sprinkler-irrigated

Oregon

Side-dressing lettuce with

liquid N fertilizer, Yuma


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Fertigation


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Nutrient Considerations

Phosphorus

Banding minimizes soil:fertilizer contact

Minimizes reversion

Banding is generally more efficient in soils with

lower amounts of available P

At higher levels of available P banding and

broadcasting result in similar efficiencies Apply just before or at planting

Less time for reversion to occur


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Model Response Curve

Amount of Input

CropResponse

Maximum

Profit

Maximum

Yield


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Fertilizer K Sources

Source Analysis

Potassium chloride, KCl 0-0-60 (62)

Potassium sulfate, K2SO4 0-0-50 - 17

Potassium nitrate, KNO3 13-0-44

Potassium-magnesium sulfate,

K2SO4.2MgSO4 0-0-22-22-11

Potassium thiosulfate, K2S2O3 0-0-25-17


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Potassium chloride (KCl)

95% dari seluruh pupuk K

Harga paling ,murah

60-63% potassium oxide (K2O)

Yang berwarna merah mengandung Besi

Yang berwarna putih, besinya dihilangkan

Nilai pupuk darike 2 nya sama

KCl berbentuk pril/butiran

Often referred to as Muriate of Potash.

Sumber K yang mudah larut dlm air


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Fertilizer K Management


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Potassium sulfate (K2SO4):

Contains 50-53% K2O, 18% S, and no more than

2.5% Cl.

Major use is for chloride sensitive crops.

More expensive than KCl


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Potassium-magnesium Sulfate (K2SO4.2MgSO4)

Sul-Po-Mag or K-Mag

22%potassium chloride, 11% Mg, and 22% S Used when Magnesium or Sulfur is required

Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)saltpeter

44% Potassium chloride and 13% N

Excellent but expenxive


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Pemakaian pupuk K

Sebaiknya dibenamkan agar mencapai daerah

perakaran.

Disebarkan dipermukaan (Broadcasting)

Diberikan secara jalur 2 X, sejalur dg baris

tanaman.

Langsung bersamaan dengan biji jika bijinya

kecil (Directly with seed), tetapi harus hati2

jika memerlukan K banyak


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TERIMA

KASIH

pupuk p dan k

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