purpose, operation, and hydrodynamics/salinity transport effect · 2016-10-19 · 0 5 10 15 20 25...
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Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate:Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate:Purpose, Operation, and Purpose, Operation, and
Hydrodynamics/Salinity Transport EffectHydrodynamics/Salinity Transport Effect
CWEMFFebruary 28, 2008
Chris EnrightDWR
Summary
• SMSCG purpose, components, operation• Suisun Marsh/Bay hydrodynamics• SMSCG effect on Marsh/Bay salinity & X2• Frequency of SMSCG operation
Wetlands and Water ResourcesWetlands and Water Resources-- S. SiegelS. Siegel
Suisun Marsh and BaySuisun Marsh and Bay
Suisun MarshSuisun MarshSalinity Control GateSalinity Control Gate
(SMSCG)(SMSCG)
Wetlands and Water ResourcesWetlands and Water Resources-- S. SiegelS. Siegel
SMSCG PurposeSMSCG Purpose
Guiding ConceptualGuiding Conceptual Model:Model:•• Reduced outflow increases salinity. Reduced outflow increases salinity. •• Increased salinity reduces waterfowl Increased salinity reduces waterfowl
food plant abundance and diversity.food plant abundance and diversity.
SMSCG Purpose:SMSCG Purpose:•• Reduce salinity in Suisun Marsh to help Reduce salinity in Suisun Marsh to help mitigate the impacts of the water projectsmitigate the impacts of the water projects
Wetlands and Water ResourcesWetlands and Water Resources-- S. SiegelS. Siegel
SMCSG:SMCSG:•• Tidal Tidal ““pumppump”” induces a net induces a net
downstream flow (~2,800 downstream flow (~2,800 cfscfs).).•• Opens on ebb tideOpens on ebb tide•• Closes on flood tideCloses on flood tide
36’3 Radial Gates (1083 Radial Gates (108’’))
Stop logs (120Stop logs (120’’))
Boat lock (20Boat lock (20’’))
Roaring River fish screenRoaring River fish screenRoaring River
Downstream
SMSCG ComponentsSMSCG Components
Salinity Standard Compliance LocationsSalinity Standard Compliance LocationsBoth regulatory and contractualBoth regulatory and contractual
Gates Open Stop Logs Out
Looking Upstream (southeast)Looking Upstream (southeast)
Gates Open
Stop Logs Installed
Looking ~Upstream (east)Looking ~Upstream (east)
AVM PilesAVM Piles
Acoustic Velocity MeterAcoustic Velocity MeterUsed to trigger gate closure Used to trigger gate closure
at at --0.1 fps velocity0.1 fps velocity
SMSCG Boat Lock SMSCG Boat Lock (looking downstream (looking downstream -- flood tide)flood tide)
SMSCG Boat Lock SMSCG Boat Lock (looking upstream (looking upstream -- flood tide)flood tide)
Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate ConfigurationsSuisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate Configurations
June September
Lock Open
October May(when needed tomeet standards)
SMSCG Operating
SMSCG Not Operating
Gates Open
SMSCG Side View
In operation:• Closes on flood tide when current > -0.1 fps• Open on ebb tide when upstream
water level is 0.3 ft > downstream water level
Downstream
Gates ClosingEbb
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates Closing
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates Closing
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates ClosingSlack Tide
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates ClosingSlack Tide
SMSCG Side View
0.1 fps
Downstream
Gates ClosedFlood
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates ClosedFlood
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates ClosedFlood
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates OpeningEnd of Flood
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates Opening
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates Opening
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Gates Open
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
SMSCG Side ViewDownstream
Tidal Time Scale Flows
200,000 200,000 cfscfs400,000 400,000 cfscfs
Montezuma Slough+/-63,000 cfs
Suisun Slough+/-10,500 cfs
Montezuma Slough+-5,500 cfs
Tidal Time Scale Flows
200,000 cfs200,000 cfs400,000 cfs400,000 cfs
Hill Slough+-1700 cfs
First Mallard Branch+-400 cfs
Sheldrake Sl.+-400 cfs
Nurse Slough+-12,000 cfs
Montezuma Slough+/-63,000 cfs
Suisun Slough+/-10,500 cfs
200,000 cfs200,000 cfs400,000 cfs400,000 cfs
Tidal Time Scale Flows
Montezuma Slough+-5,500 cfs
200,000 200,000 cfscfs400,000 400,000 cfscfs
Tidal Time Scale Excursion
Ebb Tide Drifter Tracks(one ~6 hour ebb tide)
1 mile
Release Drifter (slack after flood)End (slack after ebb)
Tidal Time Scale Flows
1998.72 1998.74 1998.76 1998.78 1998.80
-200
-100
0
100
200
TCFS
6
3
0
-3
-6
SMSCGoperating
Ebb
Flood
Tidal Flow
Net Flow
Measured here(Oltmann 1998)
~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs
SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows
“Delta Outflow Index”
Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)
Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs
Suisun Slough~ 0 cfs
~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs
SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows
Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs (SMSCG open)
“Delta Outflow Index”
Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)• Suisun Marsh sloughs have small net flow
Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs
Suisun Slough~ 0 cfs
~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs
SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows
Montezuma Slough+2,800 cfs (SMSCG operating)
“Delta Outflow Index”
Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)• Suisun Marsh sloughs have small net flow• SMSCG induces net downstream flow of ~ 2,800 cfs
Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs
Suisun Slough~ 0 cfs
~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs
SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows
Montezuma Slough+2,800 cfs (SMSCG operating)
“Delta Outflow Index”
Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)• Suisun Marsh sloughs have small net flow• SMSCG induces net downstream flow of ~ 2,800 cfs• SMSCG affects Marsh and Bay salinity field
5
10
15
20
5
10
15
20
5
10
15
20
5
10
15
20
2002.72 2002.74 2002.76 2002.78 2002.80
5
10
15
20
SC
(mm
hos/
cm)
SMSCG
S64
S49Beldons Landing
S42
S21
S35
Gates Operating Gates OpenGates Open
SC
(mm
hos/
cm)
Salinity Response to SMSCG OperationSalinity Response to SMSCG Operation
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
SC
mm
hos/
cm
Kilometers upstream from A96 (western Suisun Bay)
N
Suisun Marsh
S71
A96
S54
S49
S64
Average salinity gradient oneday before SMSCG operation
Average salinity gradient 10 days after SMSCG Operation
S49BeldonsLanding
Salinity transect depicted in plot
S54
S64
A96
C2
C2SMSCG
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1993 1994 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 7-yr
Outflow IndexBefore OpAfter Op
S71
SMSCG effect on Montezuma SloughSMSCG effect on Montezuma Slough
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Suisun MarshSuisun MarshSuisun MarshSuisun Marsh
SC
mm
hos/
cm
Kilometers upstream from Martinez
N
Suisun Marsh
Average salinity gradient one10 days after SMSCG operation
Average salinity gradient1 day before SMSCG
Operation
Salinity transect depicted in plot
SMSCG
Martinez
PortChicago
Collinsville
Antioch
Martinez
Pt Chicago Chipps Is
Collinsville
Antioch
Chipps Is
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1993 1994 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 7-yr
Outflow IndexBefore OpAfter Op
SMSCG effect on Suisun BaySMSCG effect on Suisun Bay
Shift in “X2”
SMSCG Operating (Fall-Winter)SMSCG Operating (Spring)SMSCG Open
Courtesy Wim Kimmerer
Num
ber o
f Gat
e O
pera
tion
Day
s
1997
1999
2006
19962007
2008
199820051995
20011989 2004
19922000
20031990
19931991
1994
2002
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Average OCT-NOV-DEC Outflow
Drought YearsSalmon Passage Study YearsPost NOAA Fisheries Agreement
SMSCG Operation Frequency Versus OutflowSMSCG Operation Frequency Versus Outflow
1990
2000
1992
1991 20011994
1989
2007
19932002 2005
2003 2004 1999 1996 1997 1998 20061995
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000
Average Jan through May Outflow
Drought YearsPost NOAA Fisheries Agreement
SMSCG Operation Frequency Versus OutflowSMSCG Operation Frequency Versus OutflowN
umbe
r of G
ate
Ope
ratio
n D
ays
Thank YouThank You
• Paul Massera• Jim Sung• Kate Le• Brad Tom