pursuing equality for african-americans during radical reconstruction

13
African-Americans During Radical Reconstruction Freedmen in the South Carolina Sea Islands http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/toer/looking.html

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Pursuing Equality for African-Americans During Radical Reconstruction. Freedmen in the South Carolina Sea Islands http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/toer/looking.html. The End of the Civil War. When the Union won the Civil War the big questions were: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

Pursuing Equality for African-Americans During

Radical Reconstruction

Freedmen in the South Carolina Sea Islandshttp://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/toer/looking.html

Page 2: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

The End of the Civil War When the Union won

the Civil War the big questions were: What should Southern

states have to do to be readmitted to the Union?

What should happen to southerners who participated in the war effort?

What should happen to the newly emancipated slaves?

Jefferson Davis, President of the

Confederacyhttp://www.redstone.army.mil/history/integrate/chron2.htm

Page 3: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

Views of Reconstruction Republican leaders

agreed that slavery had to be permanently destroyed and all forms of Confederate nationalism had to be suppressed

Moderates thought this could be accomplished as soon as Confederate armies surrendered and the southern states repealed secession and ratified the 13th Amendment

All of this happened by the end of September 1865

General Lee surrendering to General Grant at Appomattox

Courthousehttp://www.ct.gov/mil/lib/mil/pictures/civilwar/

thesurrender.jpg

Page 4: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

Johnson Alienates Radical Republicans

President Johnson supported votes for Black army veterans in 1864 and 1865

By 1866, however, Johnson broke with the moderate Republicans and aligned himself with the Democrats who opposed equality and opposed the Fourteenth Amendment

Radicals attacked Johnson’s policies, especially his 10% Plan and his veto of the Civil Rights Bill for the Freedmen

President Andrew Johnson

http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/cg&csa/_notes/20a.jpg

Page 5: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

Plans for Reconstruction Led by Charles Sumner

and Thaddeus Stevens, the Radical Republicans wanted the Southern states to be punished for their treasonous behavior

They called for harsh punishment of Confederate officers and soldiers and equal rights for Freedmen

http://www.msp.umb.edu/afam/AfAmResearchQuestions.html

Page 6: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

Radical Republicans Gain Control of Congress

The election of 1866 dramatically changed the balance of power in congress, giving the Radical Republicans enough votes to overcome Johnson's vetoes

Though he avoided (by one vote) the Radical Republican attempt to impeach him Johnson remained almost powerless regarding Reconstruction policy “Time Works Wonders” by Thomas

Nasthttp://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=April&Date=9

Page 7: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans

implemented a federal reconstruction plan

They used the Army to combat the effect of black codes and enforce new laws that guaranteed rights to African Americans in Southern states

Federal reconstruction took the vote away from 10,000 to 15,000 white men who had been Confederate officials or soldiers

Radical Republican Leadershttp://lfa.atu.edu/ssphil/people/ssjw/us2/

presrecon.htm

Page 8: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

Black Codes White Southerners

sought ways to control newly freed African Americans

They wrote Black Codes to regulate civil and legal rights, from marriage to the right to hold and sell property

In many ways the codes guaranteed African Americans would continue working as farm laborers

African American men who were arrested for vagrancy due

to unemploymenthttp://history.sandiego.edu/gen/civilwar/16/

reconstruction1.html

Page 9: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Civil Rights Act of

1866 gave rights to freed slaves including the rights to make contracts, sue, witness in court, and own private property

President Johnson vetoed the bill saying it would "operate in favor of the colored and against the white race“

Congress overrode the presidential veto in April of 1866

The act declared that all persons born in the U.S. were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of servitude, excluding Indians

Former Slaves and Wounded Union Veterans Celebrating the

Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866

http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/fimage/gildedage/image.php?id=3490

Page 10: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

The 14th Amendment In order to ensure

permanent change the 14th amendment granted citizenship to African Americans

The amendment also guaranteed the right to due process under the law to African Americans

http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2005/june2005/

june05leb_img_29.jpg

Page 11: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

The 15th Amendment Granted African

American men suffrage in 1870

This did not guarantee African American men would be allowed access to their local polls

Violence against African Americans at polling places was common

Literacy tests, poll taxes and other voter qualification laws became common

The First Black Votershttp://www.harpweek.com/

09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=November&Date=14

Page 12: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

African Americans Vote

Slowly Southern states held elections in which Freedmen voted

These elections usually produced Republican state governments

For the first time African Americans were elected to local, state and federal offices

Hiram Revels, the first African American elected

to the U.S. Senatehttp://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000166

Page 13: Pursuing Equality for  African-Americans During  Radical Reconstruction

The End of Radical Reconstruction Federal Reconstruction

ended in 1876 with the election of Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency

A few weeks after taking office Hayes issued an order for the removal of all federal soldiers stationed in the South

The end of Reconstruction led to a drastic reduction of rights for African Americans

President Rutherford Hayes

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/057_pra3.html