July 8, 20032003 ESRI User Conference

San Diego, California

PushingPushing GIS GIS into the Fabric of the into the Fabric of theOrganizationOrganization

Bernie South, Mike Sullivan, Joe Paul, Jesse MooreBernie South, Mike Sullivan, Joe Paul, Jesse Moore

ExxonMobilExxonMobil Exploration Company Exploration Company

Business DevelopmentBusiness Development

Regional Studies GroupRegional Studies Group

AbstractAbstract

PushingPushing GIS GIS Technology Into the Fabric of the Organization Technology Into the Fabric of the Organization

Bernard C. South, Michael A. Sullivan, Joseph B. Paul & Jesse D. MooreBernard C. South, Michael A. Sullivan, Joseph B. Paul & Jesse D. Moore

ExxonMobilExxonMobil Exploration Company, New Business Development Exploration Company, New Business Development233233 Benmar Benmar Drive DriveHouston, Texas 77060Houston, Texas 77060

Many business organizations utilizeMany business organizations utilize GIS GIS as a means of capturing, managing as a means of capturing, managingand delivering spatial data. Usingand delivering spatial data. Using GIS GIS as an as an ‘‘information kioskinformation kiosk’’ has in some has in someinstances caused it to be perceived as a peripheral service function, separateinstances caused it to be perceived as a peripheral service function, separatefrom the core technical work process of the company.from the core technical work process of the company.

This paper discusses techniques developed as a result of regular use ofThis paper discusses techniques developed as a result of regular use of GIS GIS by bymulti-disciplinary explorationmulti-disciplinary exploration geoscience geoscience professionals in a project team professionals in a project teamenvironment. Based on many years of experience we have implemented aenvironment. Based on many years of experience we have implemented aseries of compilation, collaboration, synthesis and analysis tools that integrateseries of compilation, collaboration, synthesis and analysis tools that integrateseamlessly into the business ofseamlessly into the business of geotechnical geotechnical evaluation of regional geology evaluation of regional geologyplay mapping.play mapping.

TopicsTopics

Nature of modern petroleumNature of modern petroleum geoscience geoscience

Use of Arc technology as a multi-disciplinary collaborationUse of Arc technology as a multi-disciplinary collaborationand synthesis tooland synthesis tool

Examples of useful techniquesExamples of useful techniques

Observations and tips for more effective useObservations and tips for more effective useofof GIS GIS technology technology

Data Source:

http://emcorp.na.xom.com/corpcit/resources/Classroom%20Presentations/exploration3.ppt

Some Basic ConceptsSome Basic Concepts

Exploration for oil and gas is a 4 dimensional problemExploration for oil and gas is a 4 dimensional problem X,Y,Z, and timeX,Y,Z, and time

At its core explorationAt its core exploration geoscience geoscience is trying to understand the basic equation of: is trying to understand the basic equation of:

Known hydrocarbon occurrence = f(geologic variables)Known hydrocarbon occurrence = f(geologic variables)

Petroleum geologists try to drawPetroleum geologists try to draw correlations correlations between mapped geology and between mapped geology andknown hydrocarbon occurrences in order to extrapolate that understanding intoknown hydrocarbon occurrences in order to extrapolate that understanding intofinding new fieldsfinding new fields

In industry terms, a temporal grouping of these variables is often referred to asIn industry terms, a temporal grouping of these variables is often referred to asa a ““PLAYPLAY”” (e.g. Cretaceous Reef Talus Play) (e.g. Cretaceous Reef Talus Play)

Individual mapped layers in a Individual mapped layers in a ““PLAYPLAY”” are referred to as are referred to as ““PLAY ELEMENTSPLAY ELEMENTS”” reservoirreservoir

structure structure

hydrocarbon charge (source, maturation, migration) hydrocarbon charge (source, maturation, migration)

Successful exploration inSuccessful exploration in geoscience geoscience requires and understanding of these play requires and understanding of these playelements in both their spatial and temporal dimensionselements in both their spatial and temporal dimensions

Data Source:

http://emcorp.na.xom.com/corpcit/resources/Classroom%20Presentations/questall.ppt

Simple Timing Diagram of Play ElementsSimple Timing Diagram of Play Elements

Data Source:

http://emcorp.na.xom.com/corpcit/resources/Classroom%20Presentations/questall.ppt

400 300 200 100 Geologic TimeScale

PetroleumSystem Events

Rock Units

Source Rock

Reservoir Rock

Seal Rock

Trap Formation

Overburden Rock

Gen/Migration/Accum

Preservation

Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic

D M P P TR

J K P N

Ele

men

tsE

lem

ents

Pro

cess

esP

roce

sses

Simple Basic ConceptsSimple Basic Concepts

Critical MomentCritical Moment

Simple Basic ConceptsSimple Basic Concepts

Single layer mapping of theSingle layer mapping of thesubsurface play elements:subsurface play elements:

�� Source rocks Source rocks

�� Reservoir rocks Reservoir rocks

�� Multiple structural horizons Multiple structural horizons

Timing relationships between playTiming relationships between playelements:elements:

�� Reservoir deposition Reservoir deposition

�� Structuring of subsurface Structuring of subsurface

�� Source rock maturation Source rock maturation

�� Hydrocarbon migration Hydrocarbon migration

Data Source:Data Source:

http://http://emcorpemcorp..nana..xomxom.com/.com/corpcitcorpcit/resources/Classroom%20Presentations/exploration3./resources/Classroom%20Presentations/exploration3.pptppt

Regional Geology:Regional Geology:The Broadest of Geoscience Areas of StudyThe Broadest of Geoscience Areas of Study

Listing of some of the major topics:Listing of some of the major topics:�� Structural Geology Structural Geology

�� Stratigraphy Stratigraphy - - Sedimentology Sedimentology

�� Geomorphology Geomorphology

�� Reservoir Quality Reservoir Quality

�� Geochemistry Geochemistry

�� Basin History Modeling Basin History Modeling

�� Hydrocarbon Migration Hydrocarbon Migration

�� Gravity - Gravity - Magnetics Magnetics - Remote Sensing - Remote Sensing

�� Geophysics Geophysics

ReflectionReflection

RefractionRefraction

TomographyTomography

�� Paleogeography Paleogeography

�� Plate Tectonics and Plate Plate Tectonics and Plate Reconstructions Reconstructions

�� Assessment Assessment

�� Operations Geology Operations Geology

�� Petrophysics Petrophysics and Well Log Analysis and Well Log Analysis

Regional Geology:Regional Geology:The Broadest ofThe Broadest of Geoscience Geoscience Areas of Study Areas of Study

�� Structural GeologyStructural Geology�� StratigraphyStratigraphy - - Sedimentology Sedimentology�� GeomorphologyGeomorphology�� Reservoir QualityReservoir Quality�� GeochemistryGeochemistry�� Basin History ModelingBasin History Modeling�� Hydrocarbon MigrationHydrocarbon Migration�� Gravity -Gravity - Magnetics Magnetics - Remote - Remote

SensingSensing�� GeophysicsGeophysics

ReflectionReflectionRefractionRefractionTomographyTomography

�� PaleogeographyPaleogeography�� Plate Tectonics and PlatePlate Tectonics and Plate

ReconstructionsReconstructions�� AssessmentAssessment�� Operations GeologyOperations Geology�� PetrophysicsPetrophysics and Well Log Analysis and Well Log Analysis

Greatest Challenge of all:Greatest Challenge of all:

Integration and SynthesisIntegration and Synthesis

GISGIS Provides the Vehicle Provides the Vehicle

Generalized Work ProcessGeneralized Work Process

Visualize Visualize

ProcessProcess

Retrieve

Locate Interpret Analyze Document Organize Store

Capture

PeoplePeople

Geoscience

Support Support

Common Collaboration & Synthesis Environment

GIS technology adopted into work

process by geoscience

professionals

with a variety of backgrounds

Bernie SouthExploration/Production

“Regional Geology-Assessment”19 years

Michael DolanExploration

“Geochemistry-Basin modeler”3 years

Doug LeydenExploration/Production

“ Stratigraphy”20 years

Robert FerdererExploration/Production

“Gravity-Magnetics-Seismic ”12 years

Joe PaulExploration/Production

“Stratigraphy”18 years

Jesse MooreExploration

“Regional Geology ”2 years

Integration- “live” on screen mapping- focused discussions

Pontification Session

Final Product - Fully integratedgeological story

Sheet 10 Exxon Tectonic Map of the World 1985

Houston

London

Melbourne

Stavanger

Anchorage

Lagos

Jakarta

Rio De Janeiro

Geoscientists in variouscountries can expect dataorganized in a consistentand predicable manner

Exploration is a Global Business

Coverages

Grids

Images

Text

Areaspecific

Company-wide -standard table structure

13 standard INFO table structures used for ALL company ARC-based geoscience data sets

Standardization

after Mazzo & Burroughs,2000

Georegistration Georegistration and Image Managementand Image ManagementGeological Map Compilation

- Company reports- Primary data- Published literature*

All data integratedwithin GIS

environment

Geo-registered images from reports & literature

Facies

Plate Reconstruction

map iterationusing pre-rift

reconstruction model

Granata, G. E. 1981. Regional sedimentation of the Late Triassic Dockum Group, West Texas and eastern New Mexico,. M.Sc. U T Austin.Klitgord, K. D., P. Popenoe, & H. Schouten, 1984, Florida; a Jurassic transform plate boundary: JGR v. 89, p. 7753-7772.Randazzo, A., F., & Jones, D., S., 1997, The geology of Florida, Ed. Randazzo, A.F., and Jones, D.S., University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 327 p.Salvador, A., 1991, Triassic-Jurassic, in A. Salvador, Ed., The Gulf of Mexico Basin, DNAG Geol. Soc. Am., p. 131-180.

* References

Continually upgrade quality of databases with new imaging technologies

Circa 90’s paper map ofstructural features(folds & thrusts)

Map of structural featuresoverlain on 30m landsat

- clear positional & interpretationerror

Features re-interpreted according to landsat

- enhance structural models - improve trap count & size

Data Source: http://emcorp.na.xom.com/corpcit/resources/Classroom%20Presentations/questall.ppt

GroundGround Truthing Truthing Heritage Heritage Datasets Datasets

•All non-digital seismic data

(.TIFF) collected from published

literature, geo-referenced and

input into “virtual database”

•Query using ArcView “hot-link

or Geodesk (EMEC proprietary

•software)

•Used to constrain structural

•style & trap definition/risking

•Provided supplement to wells

database - variable positional

accuracy

Seismic data: Buffler, R. T., Shaub, F. J., Watkins, J. S. &Worzel, J. L. 1979. Anatomy of the Mexican Ridges, SW Gulf ofMexico. In Geological and Geophysical Investigations ofContinental Margins Mem. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. 29, 319-327.

““VirtualVirtual”” Seismic Database Seismic Database

100 Mi.

BU_ID AGE MEAS_DPTH_ VDEPTH VDEPTHSS1000256 OLIGOCENE 1506 1506 -6361000256 EOCENE EARLY STAGE 3866 3866 -29961000256 MAASTRICHTIAN 7758 7758 -6888

1000256 PRE-CRETACEOUS 8066 8066 -71961000256 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 8165 8165 -72951000256 CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN 8066 8066 -71961000256 CRETACEOUS 7758 7758 -68881000256 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 2440 2440 -1570

1000257 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 15077 15077 -147461000257 CRETACEOUS 13601 13601 -132701000257 CAMPANIAN 14608 14608 -142771000257 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 4954 4954 -4623

1000257 MAASTRICHTIAN 13601 13601 -132701000257 EOCENE LATE STAGE 4639 4639 -43081000257 PALEOCENE 10676 10676 -103451000257 OLIGOCENE 2103 2103 -17721000258 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 2221 2221 -1617

1000258 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 7918 7918 -73141000258 MAASTRICHTIAN 7660 7660 -70561000258 EOCENE LATE STAGE 1980 1980 -13761000258 PALEOCENE 5753 5753 -5149

1000259 OLIGOCENE 2703 2703 -26291000259 EOCENE EARLY STAGE 7700 7700 -76261000259 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 6050 6050 -59761000259 EOCENE LATE STAGE 5565 5565 -5491

1000259 PALEOCENE 9625 9625 -95511000259 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 12230 12230 -121561000260 CRETACEOUS 7662 7662 -71381000260 MAASTRICHTIAN 7662 7662 -71381000260 EOCENE EARLY STAGE 3915 3915 -3391

1000260 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 7903 7903 -73791000260 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 2358 2358 -18341000260 CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN 7772 7772 -72481000260 OLIGOCENE 1455 1455 -9311000260 EOCENE LATE STAGE 2080 2080 -15561000260 PRE-CRETACEOUS 7772 7772 -7248

1000260 PALEOCENE 5802 5802 -52781000261 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 7856 7856 -73231000261 PALEOCENE 5814 5814 -52811000261 MAASTRICHTIAN 7653 7653 -7120

Historic Tops File Unique List of Tops

Reclassified Tops

Filtered, Sorted, andJoined to coverage

Making vendor andlegacy work for you

Map Constructed fromReclassified Control Points

Data from Lynx

Data manually reclassified

117 CRETACEOUS LOWER

26 CRETACEOUS UPPER

239 DEVONIAN

123 DEVONIAN LOWER

1 DEVONIAN MIDDLE

75 DEVONIAN UPPER

2 EOCENE

2458 EOCENE EARLY STAGE

1791 EOCENE LATE STAGE

1609 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE

154 JURASSIC

7 JURASSIC LOWER

7 JURASSIC MIDDLE

50 JURASSIC UPPER

1 KIMMERIDGIAN

4 L CARBONIFEROUS

7 L CRETACEOUS

5 L DEVONIAN

1 L OLIGOCENE

1 L SILURIAN

107 LWR. OLIGOCENE

1 M SILURIAN

1 M TRIASSIC

1542 MAASTRICHTIAN

3 MESOZOIC UNDIFF

37 MIDDLE PERMIAN

24 MIOCENE

114 MISSISSIPPIAN

1316 OLIGOCENE

CRETACEOUS LOWER CRETCRETACEOUS UPPER CRET

DEVONIAN DEVODEVONIAN LOWER DEVODEVONIAN MIDDLE DEVODEVONIAN UPPER DEVO

EOCENE EOCENEEOCENE EARLY STAGE EOCENEEOCENE LATE STAGE EOCENE

EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE EOCENEJURASSIC JURAS

JURASSIC LOWER JURASJURASSIC MIDDLE JURASJURASSIC UPPER JURAS

KIMMERIDGIAN JURASL CARBONIFEROUS CARBO

L CRETACEOUS CRETL DEVONIAN DEVO

L OLIGOCENE OLIGOL SILURIAN SILUR

LWR. OLIGOCENE OLIGOM SILURIAN SILURM TRIASSIC TRIASS

MAASTRICHTIAN CRETMESOZOIC UNDIFF MSZMIDDLE PERMIAN PERM

MIOCENE MIOCENEMISSISSIPPIAN CARBO

OLIGOCENE OLIGO

Data ReclassificationData Reclassification

Structure Grid

Grid of Well Penetration Depth

Well Depth (Points) to Grid

Grid conditional & focal mean functionsto extrapolate to 5 KM

Area of Well Penetrations Within 5 KM

Grid conditional function - create categorical gridConvert cat. grid to polygons

All Well Locations withTotal Depth Information

Data from IHS

Screening of Exploration MaturityScreening of Exploration Maturity

GIS Analysis Data Flow

Reservoir

Trap

Charge

Field Sizes

Feature Density

Features

Chance Oil

Inerts

Play element risks

Features to test

Hydrocarbon Type

GPLAY Pre-Processing

GPLAY Post-Processing

GPLAY

HydrocarbonDensity Maps

CustomProcessing

Spatial Analysis Results• Resource by country• Resource by competitor• Resource by water depth• Resource by lease• Resource by proximity• Concession seriatims• Spatial correlation• Sensitivity Analysis• Scenario Analysis• Proximity Analysis

Automated Data Flow

AssessmentAssessment

Input Data Sets

Risk (derived from geologic maps)

Expected Field Size Distributionof Remaining Resource

Legend

Oil Field

Gas Field

Prospect

Dry Structure

FeaturesAfter:

Hood et. A, 2000

Remaining Resource mean = Net Risk * Number of Prospects * Avg. Fld Size

AssessmentAssessment

Composite Hydrocarbon Resource Density Map

Overlay of Concession Polygons

• Assessment input data sets processed spatiallyand analyzed with proprietary statistical software

• Output of statistical software joined to inputpolygons

• Hydrocarbon resource summed from stackedmultiple exploration target horizons

• Composite volume normalized by polygonalarea to create hydrocarbon resource densitymap

Concession Oil Gas Condensate A1051 375.0 3480 2.3 A953 120.5 983 1.9 A250 90.2 520 .8 A1620 61.1 101 .3 ~ ~ ~ ~

Seriatim of Concessions by Hydrocarbon Resource

Relating Economics to GeologyRelating Economics to Geology

Recommendations for SuccessRecommendations for SuccessThings to doThings to do

�� Grow some Grow some ““hybridhybrid”” people peoplePeople who can bridge the gap betweenPeople who can bridge the gap between GIS GIS and geology and geology

�� Position Position GISGIS technology as part of important core work technology as part of important core workprocessesprocesses

�� Engage (and enable) well respected technical leadersEngage (and enable) well respected technical leaders

�� Demonstrate performance (easier, faster, better)Demonstrate performance (easier, faster, better)

�� Engage management in the process of collaborationEngage management in the process of collaborationAllow them to see the process and understand itAllow them to see the process and understand it

�� Be sensitive to those trying to learnBe sensitive to those trying to learn GIS GISNeed to "save face" for these people to learn without feelingNeed to "save face" for these people to learn without feelingtechnologically technologically ““out of touchout of touch””

�� Be realistic in your expectations for rate of changeBe realistic in your expectations for rate of change

Recommendations for SuccessRecommendations for SuccessThings to avoidThings to avoid�� DonDon’’t oversell andt oversell and underproduce underproduce

- Enthusiasm is good, BUT- Enthusiasm is good, BUT

- Uncontrolled exuberance often gets out of hand and works- Uncontrolled exuberance often gets out of hand and worksagainst you in the long runagainst you in the long run marginalizing marginalizing your views as those of your views as those ofa zealot or technocrata zealot or technocrat

�� DonDon’’t underestimate the inertia of organizational culturet underestimate the inertia of organizational culturePeople are comfortable in their protected expertise niche and inPeople are comfortable in their protected expertise niche and in

many cases resist changemany cases resist change

�� DonDon’’t be a computing snobt be a computing snobComputing literacy remains a secondary skill in mostComputing literacy remains a secondary skill in most

organizationsorganizations

�� Be aware that there will always be people who refuse toBe aware that there will always be people who refuse toengageengage

- Don- Don’’t spend an inordinate amount of effort here...t spend an inordinate amount of effort here...

- Ultimately competitive pressure is much more effective than- Ultimately competitive pressure is much more effective thanintellectual or philosophical argumentsintellectual or philosophical arguments

References:Hood, Kenneth C. Bernard C. South, F. Dennis Walton, Otha D. Baldwin and William A. Burroughs, 2000,Use of Geographic Information Systems in Hydrocarbon Resource Assessment and Opportunity Analysis, inGeographic Information Systems in Petroleum Exploration and Development (Timothy C. Coburn and JeffreyM. Yarus ed.). Tulsa, Ok: American Asociation of Petroleum Geologists, AAPG Computer Applications inGeology, No. 4. pp 173-185.

Mazzo, Carl R. and William A. Burroughs, Building a Regional Study in GIS, 2000, in Geographic InformationSystems in Petroleum Exploration and Development (Timothy C. Coburn and Jeffrey M. Yarus ed.). Tulsa,Ok: American Asociation of Petroleum Geologists, AAPG Computer Applications in Geology, No. 4. pp 71-120.

http://emcorp.na.xom.com/corpcit/resources/Classroom%20Presentations/questall.ppthttp://emcorp.na.xom.com/corpcit/resources/Classroom%20Presentations/exploration3.ppt

Web Resources:

Buffler, R. T., Shaub, F. J., Watkins, J. S. & Worzel, J. L. 1979. Anatomy of the Mexican Ridges, SW Gulf ofMexico. In Geological and Geophysical Investigations of Continental Margins Mem. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. 29,319-327.

Granata, G. E. 1981. Regional sedimentation of the Late Triassic Dockum Group, West Texas and eastern New Mexico,.M.Sc. U T Austin.

Klitgord, K. D., P. Popenoe, & H. Schouten, 1984, Florida; a Jurassic transform plate boundary: JGR v. 89, p. 7753-7772.Randazzo, A., F., & Jones, D., S., 1997, The geology of Florida, Ed. Randazzo, A.F., and Jones, D.S., University Press ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL, 327 p.

Salvador, A., 1991, Triassic-Jurassic, in A. Salvador, Ed., The Gulf of Mexico Basin, DNAG Geol. Soc. Am., p. 131-180.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

The authors would like to thank BillThe authors would like to thank Bill Burroughs Burroughs, Chris, Chris Reaves Reaves, and Kim, and KimThomas who reviewed the paper and whose comments improved bothThomas who reviewed the paper and whose comments improved boththe organization and quality of its content. We would also like to thankthe organization and quality of its content. We would also like to thankthe data vendors cited in the paper for their permission for presentationthe data vendors cited in the paper for their permission for presentationof their data.of their data.