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1 1 Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu model membran plasma. Diagram 1.1 shows a model of plasma membrane Rajah 1.1 Diagram 1.1 (a) i. Namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q dan R pada Rajah 1.1. Name the structures labelled P, Q and R at Diagram 1.1 Mengingat[3 markah] ii. Terangkan proses yang berlaku pada R. Explain the process that occurs at R. ...................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... Kefahaman[2 markah] (b) Membran plasma ini telah didedahkan kepada racun respirasi. Pada pendapat anda, apakah kesan racun respirasi terhadap pengangkutan bahan di membran plasma? The plasma membrane has been exposed to respirational poison. In your opinion, what is the effect of the respirational poison towards the transportation of substance across plasma membrane? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Aplikasi[2 markah] P:………………………... Q:………………………... R:………………………...

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1 Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu model membran plasma.

Diagram 1.1 shows a model of plasma membrane

Rajah 1.1

Diagram 1.1 (a) i. Namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q dan R pada Rajah 1.1.

Name the structures labelled P, Q and R at Diagram 1.1 Mengingat[3 markah]

ii. Terangkan proses yang berlaku pada R. Explain the process that occurs at R. ...................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... Kefahaman[2 markah]

(b) Membran plasma ini telah didedahkan kepada racun respirasi. Pada pendapat anda, apakah kesan racun respirasi terhadap pengangkutan bahan di membran plasma?

The plasma membrane has been exposed to respirational poison. In your opinion, what is the effect of the respirational poison towards the transportation of substance across plasma membrane?

............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................

Aplikasi[2 markah]

P:………………………...

Q:………………………...

R:………………………...

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c.

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan larutan natrium klorida berlainan kepekatan atas sel Q. A study has been done to investigate the effect of different concentration of natrium chloride on Q cell. Rajah 1 dan Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan kajian tersebut. Diagram 1 and Table 1 shows the result from that study.

Rajah 1

Jadual 1

Larutan Solution

Kepekatan NaCl(g/100cm3

) Concentration of NaCl (g/100cm3)

Peratus sel yang mengecut dan meletus Percentage of crenated cell and haemolyse cell

Mengecut Crenated

Meletus Haemolyse

R 0.35 - 52

S 0.40 - 28

T 0.47 - -

U 0.50 9 -

V 0.50 35 -

W 0.55 86 -

Larutan hipertonik adalah satu larutan yang mengandungi lebih bahan terlarut daripada sel yang diletakkan di dalamnya. Larutan isotonik merupakan satu penyelesaian di mana jumlah yang sama bahan larut dan larutan itu boleh didapati di dalam dan di luar sel Larutan hipotonik adalah satu larutan yang mengandungi kurang bahan larut daripada sel yang diletakkan di dalamnya. A hypertonic solution is a solution that contains more solute than the cell which is placed in it. An isotonic solution is a solution in which the same amount of solute and solution is available inside and outside of the cell. A hypotonic solution is a solution that contains less solute than the cell which is placed in it.

Cell Q

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i. Namakan sel Q. Name cell Q

..............................................................................................................................

Mengingat [1 markah]

ii. Berdasar Jadual 1, nyatakan kepekatan natrium klorida dalam plasma darah. Berikan sebab anda? Based on Table 1, state the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood Plasma. Give your reason?

................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. Kefahaman [2markah]

iii. Sel Q telah dimasukkan ke dalam air suling. Pada pendapat anda, apakah yang akan

berlaku kepada sel Q?. Cell Q has been placed in distilled water. In your opinion, what will happen to cell Q?.

....................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... Aplikasi [2 markah]

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2 Rajah 2 menunjukkan perbezaan tahap dalam organisasi sel tumbuhan berkayu. Figure 2 shows different levels of cell organization in a woody plant.

Rajah 2 Figure 2

(a) Nyatakan tahap organisasi sel yang ditunjukkan dalam P, Q dan R

State the level of cell organization represented by P ,Q and R P : ……………………………………………………………………………….. Q : ………………………………………………………………………………. R : ……………………………………………………………………………….

Mengingat[2markah]

Sel K

Cell K

2n = 44

P

Tisu

Tissue

Q

R

Organisma multisel

Multicellularorganism

Tumbuhan berkayu

Woody Plant

S

Xilem

Xylem

T

Sistem pengangkutan

Transport system

Pembahagian sel dan

pengkhususan sel

Cell division and cell

specialization

Pembahagian sel dan

pengkhususan sel Cell division and cell

specialization

Tahap organisasi sel

Level of cell organization

Contoh spesifik

Specific Examples

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Process X

(b) Namakan satu contoh S dan T

Name one example of S and T

S : ………………………………………………………………………………. T : ……………………………………………………………………………….

Kefahaman[2 markah]

(c) Namakan jenis pembahagian sel yang berlaku di dalam sel K untuk membentuk S Name the type of cell division that occurs in the cell K to form S

……………………………………………………………………………………

Kefahaman[1 markah]

(d) Nyatakan nombor kromosom di dalam sel soma tumbuhan berkayu

State the chromosomal number of a somatic cell in the woody plant.

…………………………………………………………………………………… Kefahaman [1 markah]

(e)(i) Nyatakan fungsi yang spesifik bagi xylem.

State the specific function of the xylem.

…………………………………………………………………………………… Kefahaman [1 markah]

Rajah 2 Diagram 2

Sel K

Cells K Sel S

Cells S

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(ii) Nyatakan dua struktur penyesuaian bagi xilem dan bagaimana ia membantu menjalankan fungsi dengan berkesan Give two structural adaptations of xylem and how helps in carry out its function effectively.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Aplikasi[3markah]

(f) Berikan pendapat anda,mengapa S berbeza daripada sel K berdasarkan struktur dan fungsinya. Give your opinion why is S different from cell K based on the structure and its function.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Aplikasi[2 markah]

3 Rajah 3 menunjukkan proses biokimia yang melibatkan molekul K, enzim L dan molekul M yang

berlaku di dalam organ P dan organ Q. Diagram 3 shows the biochemical processes involve molecule K, enzyme L and molecule M occur in organ P and organ Q.

Rajah 3 Diagram 3

Rajah 3 Diagram 3

Organ Q

Tisu otot

Muscle tissue

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(a) (i) Apakah organ P dan organ Q? What are organ P and organ Q?

Organ P : …………………………………………………………………………….

Organ Q : ………………………………………………………………………….… Mengingat[2 markah]

(ii) Apakah molekul K, molekul M danEnzim L?

What are molecule K, molecule M and enzyme L?

Molekul K Molecule K

Molekul M Molecule M

Enzim L Enzyme L

Mengingat [3 markah]

(b) Apakah dua ciri enzim L berdasarkan Rajah 3? What are two characteristics of enzyme L based on Diagram 3?

(i)…………………………………………..…………………………………………….

(ii)………………………………………………………………………………………. Pemahaman[2 markah]

(c) Apakah yang berlaku sekiranya molekul M tiba di tisu otot kaki? What will happen if molecule M reach leg muscle tissue?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Aplikasi[2 markah]

Ketosis adalah keadaan yang menunjukkan paras jasad ketone di dalam badan yang dibentukkan oleh ketogenesis apabila simpanan glikogen hati telah habis digunakan. Ketosis mungkin disebabkan berpuasa atau bertukar kepada diet rendah karbohidrat dari yang tinggi karbohidrat. Otak membakar jasad ketone untuk terus menggunakan tenaga dari simpanan lemak yang ada. Ini adalah untuk menyimpan glukosa hanya untuk keperluan yang mustahak. Diet ini memaksa badan untuk membakar lemak dan bukannya karbohidrat. Walaubagaimanapun, jika ada sedikit karbohidrat dalam diet, hati menukarkan lemak kepada asid lemak dan jasad ketone. Jasad ketone akan masuk ke dalam otak dan menggantikan glukosa sebagai sumber tenaga.

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Ketosis is a condition that indicates the level of ketone bodies in the body formed by ketogenesis when the liver glycogen reserves have been exhausted. Ketosis may be due to fast or switching to a low-carbohydrate diet high in carbohydrates. Brain burn ketone bodies to continue to use the energy from the fat reserves available. This is to keep the glucose only for urgent needs. This diet forces the body to burn fat instead of carbohydrates. However, if there is a small amount of carbohydrates in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies. Ketone bodies will get into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.

(d) Mary ingin mengurangkan berat badannya, dan beliau telah menghentikan pengambilan

makanan yang mengandungi karbohidrat sepenuhnya. Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan, apakah yang perlu Mary lakukan untuk mengurangkan berat badannya?

Mary wants to reduce her weight and she had stopped intake of foods containing carbohydrates completely. Based on the information provided, what should Mary do to reduce her weight?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Analisis[3markah]

4 Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkankedudukan yang berbeza bagi pergerakan lengan.

Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show different positions of a forearm during a movement.

Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2 Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

a) Lengkapkan Rajah 5.1 dengan melukis otot triceps di mana ianya melibatkan pergerakan

lengan.

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Complete Diagram 5.1 by drawing the triceps muscle which is involved in the movement of the forearm.

Kefahaman(2 markah)

b) Cadangkan satu ciri penyesuaian oleh tisu P yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1 di mana ianya membantu di dalam pergerakan lengan. Suggest one adaptive characteristic of tissue P shown in Diagram 5.1 which helps in the movement of the forearm. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Aplikasi(2markah)

c) Terangkan perlakuan otot-otot yang mana menyebabkan pergerakan pada lengan seperti

dalam Rajah 5.2

Explain the action of the muscles which causes the movement of the forearm in Diagram 5.2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Analisis(2markah)

d) Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan sendi pada lutut.

Diagram 5.3 shows a joint at the knee.

Rajah 5.3 Diagram 5.3

Terangkan masalah kesihatan yang biasa dihadapi oleh orang tua apabila tisu X sudah terjejas.

TisuX

Tissue X

Cecair synovial

Synovial fluid

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Explain the health problem normally faced by an old person when tissue X is impaired. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Sintesis(3 markah)

e) Sekolah Ritz akan mengadakan Hari Sukan Sekolah pada 1 Jun 2014. Banyak acara

diaturkan termasuk acara balapan.

Sebelum mereka memulakan acara balapan, semua atlet mesti melakukan aktiviti pemanasan badan sebelum memulakan sesuatu acara. Huraikankan mengapa. Ritz School will held a sport day on 1st June 2014. A lot of events will organized includingtract events. Before they start the event, a group of athlete doing a warming up exercise as shown in picture above. Describe why. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……

Menilai(3 markah)

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5 Jantung manusia mempunyai jisim antara 250 dan 350 gram dan lebih kurang saiz satu penumbuk. Ia terletak di sebelah anterior turus vertebra dengan sternum. Septum adalah dinding pemisah di antara jantung bahagian kanan dan kiri.Nodus sinoatrium merupakan tisu yang menjana impuls (perentak jantung) yang terletak di atrium kanan jantung, dan dengan itu penjana ritma sinus yang normal. The adult human heart has a mass of between 250 and 350 grams and is about the size of a fist It is located anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum.The septum of the heart is the dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart.The sinoatrial nodes is the impulse-generating tissue( pacemaker) located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm.

i. Apakah kepentingan septum? What is the importance of septum?

....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... Kefahaman [2 markah]

ii. Sekiranya nodus sinoatrium telah rosak, satu jenis perentak buatan boleh digunakan. Bagaimanakah perentak buatan berfungsi ?

If the Sinoatrial node is impaired, an artificial pacemaker can be use. How does this pacemaker works?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

............................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Aplikasi[4 markah]

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iii. Apakah implikasi terhadap penggunaan perentak buatan berbanding nodus sinoatria?

What is the implication of using the artificial pacemaker as compared to the sinoatrial node.

………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Menilai [3 markah]

Cadangkan langkah-langkah yang harus anda amalkan bagi mengurangkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular.

Suggest the steps that you should do to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Mencipta [3 markah]

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6

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7 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pergerakan air dari akar ke daun dan terbebas ke atmosfera.

Diagram below shows the movement of water from root to the leaves and out to the

atmosphere.

(a) Berdasarkan rajah di atas, huraikan pergerakan air dari akar ke daun.

Based on diagram above, describe the movement of water from root to the leaves.

[10 markah] [10 marks]

(b) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan system peredaran darah dan sistem limfa dalam badan

manusia.

Diagram below shows part of the blood circulatory system and the lymphatic system in

the human body.

Water evaporatesPenyejatan air

Water absorbed by rootsPenyerapan air oleh akar

Capillary actionTindakan kapilari

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(i) Terangkan perbezaan antara komposisi bendalir P dan bendalir Q.

Explain the differences between the composition of fluid P and fluid Q

[4 markah] [4 marks]

(ii) Huraikan bagaimana bendalir Q terbentuk daripada darah sehingga bendalir

tersebut masuk semula ke dalam sistem peredaran darah.

Describe how fluid Q is formed from blood until it is brought back into the blood circulatory system.

[6 markah] [6 marks]

VenuleVenul

Fluid QBendalir Q

Fluid PBendalir P

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8 a Rajah di bawah menunjukkan seekor ikan di habitatnya. Diagram below shows a fish in its habitat.

Terangkan adaptasi ikan untuk membolehkannya berenang. Explain the adaptations of the fish in order to enable it to swim. [4 markah]

[4 marks] b Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sistem rangka bagi burung yang normal. Otot X bagi seekor

anak burung merpati didapati tidak mengalami proses pertumbuhan yang selengkapnya. Diagram below shows the skeletal system of a normal bird. Muscle X in a pigeon nestling is

not fully developed in the growth process.

Muscle XOtot X

Terangkan bagaimana keadaan ini mempengaruhi pergerakannya. Explain how this affects its movement. [6 markah]

[6 marks] c Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua aktiviti pergerakan bagi seekor cacing tanah dan

belalang. Diagram below shows two activities of movement in an earthworm and a grasshopper.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Direction ofmovement

Arah gerakan

Diagram (a)

Rajah (a)

Rajah (b)

Diagram (b)

Terangkan satu persamaan dan empat perbezaan antara system rangka bagi kedua-dua

organism. Explain one similarity and four differences between skeletal systems in both organisms. [10 markah]

[10 marks]

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KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT