q2m2 · what can aﬀect the rescue time? 1. year 2. date 3. period 4. time 5. time of day 6. gps...

Q2M2 Quality | Quantitative Measurement | Management

Benefits of measuring organisational rescue time and sharing data globally

A cross national initiative between Spain and Denmark

Performance Optimisation Program (POP)World Conference on Drowning Prevention (WCDP) 2019, Durban

POP is developed and supported by:

Real Federación Española de Salvamento y Socorrismowww.rfess.es

The Danish Council for Greater Water Safety, Denmarkwww.badesikkerhed.dk/en/

The North Zealandic Lifeguard Organisation, Denmarkwww.livredningstjenesten.dk/

Q2M2www.q2m2.com

http://www.rfess.es

http://www.badesikkerhed.dk/en/

http://livredningstjenesten.dk/

http://www.q2m2.com

Motivation

❏ Vittone and Pia* (2006) indicates that an instinctive drowning incident takes between 20 and 60 seconds.

❏ In 2018 64 people drowned in Spain in lifeguarded areas.**


*Mario Vittone and Francesco A. Pia, 2006. It Doesn’t Look Like They’re Drowning - How To Recognize the Instinctive Drowning Response, Journal of US Coast Guard search and rescue. p. 14.

**RFESS. Drowning Statistics 2018, Spain. Royal Spanish Lifesaving Federation (2019). (By email: [email protected], 12th of September 2019).

mailto:[email protected]

Objectives


❏ Sharing data on rescue time globally

❏ Developing a data based program for cost-efficient operation of lifeguard organisations. In other words:

For X ressources, how can we achieve the lowest possible rescue time?

How do we measure the average rescue time?


❏ Test standard published at WCDP in 2017: www.q2m2.com/WCDP2017/proposal Based on the Statistical Value Chain*: www.q2m2.com/the-statistical-value-chain

Main features are:❏ Representative sampling❏ Unwarned tests❏ Sample size is preferable larger than five pct.❏ Rescue time = observation time + operation time❏ Measured from an incident occurs until lifeguard is at the position❏ Third-party verification

Data collection form: https://form.q2m2.com/dnk-2019-rt/

*Herrmann, I. T., G. Henningsen, C. D. Wood, J. I. R. Blake, J. B. Mortensen, and H. Spliid. 2013. The Statistical Value Chain (SVC)—A Benchmarking Checklist for Decision Makers to Evaluate Decision Support seen from a Statistical Point-of-View. International Journal of Decision Sciences 4(2). July–December 2013.

http://www.q2m2.com/WCDP2017/proposal

http://www.q2m2.com/the-statistical-value-chain

https://form.q2m2.com/dnk-2019-rt/

Area of responsibility = test area

LG station150 meter

150 meter

Beach

Sea


Data sources


Spain Denmark

Average rescue time, Denmark, NLO (2015 to 2019)


Average rescue time - Spain, 2019


Variation


Data: NLO, 2016

Standard deviation


Denmark Spain

Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019

Observation time 2.5 4.2 5.1 1.9 1.7 1

Operation time 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.4

Rescue time 3.1 4.7 5.3 2 1.9 1.2

n (Denmark): 2015 = 8, 2016 = 55, 2017 = 126, 2018 = 46, 2019 = 99n (Spain): 2019 = 26

Difference between lifeguards perceived and measured rescue time


Denmark

Year 2018 2019

Operation time 50 min 6 min

Observation time 71 min 36 min

Sum of total measured operation time - sum of total perceived operation timeSum of total measured observation time - sum of total perceived observation time

...Based on NLO midway feedback for 2018 and 2019.

n: 2018 = 35, 2019 = 75

Lifeguard stations


Spain Denmark

Third party verification or not?


n (No): 97n (Yes): 17

Data: NLO, 2014

Differences in rescue time within your organisation?


n: West = 30, Mid = 40, East = 29 Data: NLO, 2019


Was it a beach guest that notified the lifeguard about the drowning incident?

n (No): 33 n (Yes): 20n (NA): 10 Data: NLO, 2016

What can affect the rescue time?

1. Year2. Date3. Period4. Time5. Time of day6. GPS for lifeguard station 7. GPS for drowner8. Distance from lifeguard station to

drowner9. Flag

10. Beach11. Distance to shoreline from

lifeguard station 12. Beach guests13. Surf size14. Wind speed

15. INS 116. INS 217. Visibility above water18. Seaweed in water 19. Visibility above water

20. Lion’s mane jellyfish21. Calls 11222. Level of communication and

analyzing before action-taking 23. Use of wetsuit24. Engine starting problems25. Mode of Transportation26. Use of wetsuit27. Pre-warning of lifeguard28. Third-part control29. Age of lifeguard

30. Years of experience of lifeguard31. Lifeguards days on beach current season32. Experience with real-life emergencies33. Sharp INSITU34. Self INSITU35. Standard INSITU36. Test time for 50 meter swim37. Test time for 1200 swim38. Score in theory test 39. And more...

Variables investigated:


Test index


❏ Test index = Number of tests / Organisational size❏ Organisational size = days in operation x manned lifeguard station in the organisation

Example:NLO: 60 days in operation x 25 manned lifeguard stations = 1500

No. of tests = 75

Test index = 75/1500 = 5%

Benefits of POP:

❏ Continuously improving the rescue time

❏ Develop methods to achieve acceptable rescue time

❏ Find the most cost-efficient methods to achieve acceptable rescue time


Outlook


❏ More data is needed.❏ We invite anyone who is interested in optimization of rescue time to participate

in this global data collection and analysis program.❏ The service is free-of-charge.❏ Data and results will be shared publicly and in an anonymized form.❏ We can also help organisations with tailored and cost-efficient test programs.

This presentation can be downloaded from: www.q2m2.com/references

http://www.q2m2.com/references

q2m2 · what can aﬀect the rescue time? 1. year 2. date 3. period 4. time 5. time of day 6. gps...

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