qai gordon and maddy marchetti. what is polymerase chain reaction? polymerase chain reaction ( pcr )...
TRANSCRIPT
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Qai Gordon and Maddy Marchetti
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction?
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a process that amplifies small pieces of DNA to create multiple copies of that DNA sequence
• Also called DNA amplification
Applications of PCR
• To s tudy pat terns o f gene express ion• To f ind the presence o f genet ic d isease
mutat ions• To prov ide therapy for cancer pat ients• To prov ide more substant ia l ev idence in
c r ime scenes• To ana lyze the DNA of anc ient organ isms
DNA sample is obtained and denatured by heating it to 98°C
Step 1
Step 2
• DNA sample is cooled to 60°C• Primers are annealed (bonded) to each strand–Primers: short strands of DNA that set up the
starting sequence for the DNA synthesis
Step 3
• DNA polymerase binds to the primers and synthesizes the target DNA sequence with free nucleotides
Results of PCR
• After one cycle, two copies of the original target sequence exist
• If steps 1-3 are repeated multiple times, the DNA replicates at an exponential rate
Thermal CyclerLoading tray: where prepared samples are placed in tiny tubes
Temperature Control: heating and refrigeration mechanisms inside the machine to change the temperature quickly
Controls: ways to control the machine and start and stop the PCR process
Animation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YgXcJ4n-kQ