qep resources, inc. · 2019-05-14 · variety of today’s oil and gas targets / traps horizontal...
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QEP Resources, Inc.
The Resource Growth Company
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Variety of today’s Oil and Gas targets / traps
Horizontal tight sand
Horizontal tight carbonate
There are a great variety of geologic traps that are the targets in today’s active O & G plays. Most targets are at depths > 7,000 ft
Schematic diagram: not to scale
Vertical tight sand
Horizontal shale
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Injecting fluid and sand into a wellbore at high pressure to crack rock and enable production
Without hydraulic fracturing, the vas t majority of US gas production would be uneconomic leading to a grea te r re liance on gas imports and coa l
Process has been in use s ince 1947 Over 1 million wells have been hydraulica lly fractured Fractures tend to propaga te horizonta lly and meaningful vertica l
fractures a re limited Typica l fracturing fluid compos ition is approximate ly 90% wate r, 9.5%
sand and 0.5% additives Multi-zone hydraulic fracturing combined with directiona l and
horizonta l drilling is driving growth in production
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Source : FracFocus , API
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Well construction/integrity Water use Flowback water Surface dis turbance Production opera tions Emiss ions and a ir qua lity Traffic and other human impacts
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Well construction consists of severa l dis tinct procedures , of which hydraulic fracturing is one
Proper well cons truction is important for a ll of the procedures involved • Multiple cas ing layers • Cement • Cement bond logs • Seismic, core and log ana lys is
to define confining layers • Microse ismic s tudies • Pressure tes ts • Casing integrity surveillance
5 Source: API
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Hydraulic fracturing water use seems la rge on a per-well bas is
Oil and gas wate r consumption is a very small pa rt of tota l wate r use
Mitiga tion: • Reduce water
requirements • Use non-potable water • Recycle produced water
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Source : USGS - Es timated Use of Water in the United S ta tes in 2005
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Surface casing ±1,200’ to 1,500’ for Groundwater Protection and borehole stability
1:1 scale (no vertical exaggeration)
>7,0
00’
±6,0
00’
14,500’
20 fr
ac s
tage
s
Fort Union and Wasatch Formations Alternating layers of sandstone and Impermeable shale Water from this interval is non-potable
Gas-bearing sandstones and impermeable shales of the Lance Formation and Upper Mesaverde
TOP SEAL—Top of Over-pressure L A N C E
P O O L
Pinedale Well: • 3 layers of casing through aquifer
• 700,000 lbs. of sand TOTAL
• Total frac volume can be represented by a cube 46’ on all sides (approx one Olympic swimming pool)
• For a 20-stage frac, each stage volume can be represented by a cube 17’ on all sides TO SCALE VOLUME OF ENTIRE
FRAC JOB: 46 x 46 x 46 ft
46 ft
17 ft
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8 10,000ft
10,0
00ft
Surface casing ~ 1,500 ft for groundwater protection and borehole stability
66 ft
To scale volume of entire frac job
Bakken/TFS individual zones 25-30 ft thick within target
Intermediate casing & cement
~350-400 feet of impermeable salt and tight carbonate
1:1 scale (no vertical exaggeration)
Bakken Well: • Horizontal design
• 3.4 MM lbs. of sand
• Total frac volume can be represented by a cube 66’ on all sides
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2,500-foot radius of “ reach”
Up to 49 wells from one surface pad
Sandstone gas reservoirs
Shared production facility on surface pad
14,000'
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Conductor and surface pipe
Cellars in place
Cellar construction
Grating over subsurface wellheads
Installing subsurface wellheads
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Liquids Gathering System • Elimina tes 165,000 tanker truck trips per year a t peak production
• QEP removed 120 s torage tanks & avoided ins ta lling another 250 tanks
• Reduced tank VOCs by over 90%
Remote monitoring of a ll we lls & facilitie s s ince 2003
Buss ing of winte r crews s ince 2003
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Tier II engines on all QEP drilling rigs since 2006 Implemented Ultra Low Sulfur Diese l 4 years before required by EPA Converted rig boile rs from diese l to na tura l gas in 2006 Comple tions
• 99% fla re -less comple tions • Tier II engines on frac truck engines
Production • Reduced methane emiss ions through pneumatic (a ir) va lves • Liquids Gathering Sys tem • Initia ted controls on s ingle well pads and other sys tems • Dust suppress ion
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2005 Average
Emissions
2006LGS Installed
2007Controlling Heat Trace
Pumps
2008Using Low
Bleed Liquid Level
Controllers
2009Using Solar
Methanol Pumps
2010Controlling Pneumatic Pressure
Controllers
2011More Wells Per
Pad; Pneumatics
Routed to Fuel Gas
ANNUAL VOC EMISSIONS PER WELL
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Horizontal and directional development • Less wells required • Reduced surface dis turbance
Improved economics lowers supply cos t Economic benefit from domestic development activity
• Consumers benefit from lower energy cos t • Improves globa l competitiveness in manufacturing and
other indus tries • Reduced energy imports and improves trade ba lance
Lower carbon footprint than coa l or oil
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