qlrc acl reconstruction rehabilitation program · stage 3: strength and endurance (approx. weeks 6...
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QLRC
ACLReconstructionRehabilitationProgram
ThishandoutisforpatientsandtheirfamilieswhohaveorareplanningtohaveanACLreconstruction.Everypatienthasslightlydifferentexpectationsintermsoftheirneeds.Wemodifytreatment
andrehabilitationtosuittheindividual.
AnACLinjuryisapotentiallydevastatingdiagnosisthatcanchangethecourseofapatientslife.TheACLisoneoftheprimarystabilisingligamentsintheknee.Itconnectsthethighbone(femur)totheshinbone(tibia)andpreventsthekneefrompivotingortwistingtoofarwhenweturntochangedirection.
AnACLrupturecommonlyoccurswhenthekneetwists too far, eitheron landinga jumporduringsport from a tackle.We now know that there arefactors that predispose certain patients tohavingACLinjuries,and it is important toassessand address these factors as part of a treatmentprotocol.
WhenanACLisruptured,manypatientshearapoporacrackinthekneeandareinimmediatepain.ThekneeusuallyswellsastheinjuredACLbleedsinto the knee joint. It is also possible to sustaindamagetothemeniscusandcartilageofthekneejointwhentheACLisinjured.
Following injury, if prompt medical attention issought, thenadiagnosis canbemadeandaplanput in place for rehabilitation and surgery ifappropriate. Unfortunately many injuries arenotdiagnosed, and it ispossible forapatient torecover from the injury and return to sportwithout realising that their knee is no longerstructurallyintact.
Images courtesy of AAOS Orthinfo
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Ifthediagnosisisdelayed,thereispotentialforthekneetobeunstablewhichmeansthatitwillgivewayunexpectedlyduringdailyactivitiesorduringsport.Ifthisoccurs,itispossibletodamagethemeniscusofthekneewhichinturnwillleadtodamageinthejointcartilageandsubsequentosteoarthritis.
AnACLreconstructionisaprocedurethataimstorestorethestabilityofthekneebyrecreatingthestructureoftheligament.Typically,tunnelsaredrilledintothefemurandthetibiaandagraftoftendontakenfromanotherpartofthebody(usuallyoneofthehamstringtendons)isfixedthroughthetunnels.The complications associatedwith this surgerywill be discussed individuallywithyouduringyourconsult.Followingthesurgery,aprogramwillbeput inplacetoguideyourrehabilitationandreturntosport.
ThetimeframeforfullrehabilitationfromanACLreconstructionis,onaverage,9-12months,buteveryoneisdifferent.Yourrehabilitationisonlycompleteonceyouhavesafelyreturnedtosportand/oryourphysicalactivitygoals.Thereisnohurrytorushyourprogressionthroughtheprogramandyouwillbeguided by Dr Maine and your treating physiotherapist throughout. It isextremely important thatyou follow theseguidelinesandcontinuewith theexercisesevenafteryourpainhasgoneandyouhavefullmovementofyourknee.
Yourhospitalstay:
Whenyouwakeafteryouroperationyouwillhaveabraceonyourkneeandbegivenpainrelief,asrequired,bythenursingstaff.Therewillbeaperiodoftimeafteryouroperationwhereyoumaynotbeabletoputweightthroughyourleg.Thistimeperiodwillbedeterminedbythetypeofsurgeryyouhavehad.Thisexpectationshouldbeadheredto, toensure thebesthealingandoutcome foryourknee.Usually,youwillbeabletoleavehospitaladayafteryouroperation.
Aphysiotherapistwillvisityouthemorningafteryouroperationto:
-Helpyoutogetoutofbed
-Teachyouhowtowalkwithcrutchesandnegotiatestairs.
-Gothroughyourhomeexerciseprogramandguideyouastowhenyouaresafetoremoveyourbracetodoso.
-Organisefollowupphysiotherapyclosetoyourhome.
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Followup:
YouwillbereviewedbyDrMaineapproximately2weeksafteryouroperation.Youwillbeadvisedwhentoprogressyourweightbearingstatusandwhentoremovethebrace.Afterthisyouwillneedanappointmentwithaphysiotherapistwhowillco-ordinateyourrehabilitation.
Ifyouoryourchildareanathletelookingtoreturntocompetitivesport,weofferareturntosportprogramthatincludesreferraltoaSportsPhysicianalongwithReturn to Sport testing to ensure that you have done everything possible tominimiseyourriskofre-injury.Theriskofgraftruptureinyoungpatientshasbeen reported as up to 30%. It is critical that you do everything possible tominimiseyourriskinthisregard.Pleaseletusknowifyouwishtoproceedwiththisoption.
Yourrehabilitationjourney…
Thereare5stagestoyourACLrehabilitation.Yourphysiotherapistwillguideyouthrougheachstageandprovideyouwithspecificexercises.
Stage1:Immediatepost-operativestage
Stage2:Strengthening+NeuromuscularControlPhase
Stage3:StrengthandEndurance(Approx.weeks6to12)
Stage4:Creatingaplatformforrunning,agilityandlandings(Approx.weeks12to18)
Stage5:Preparingtoreturntosport+returningtosport+injuryprevention(Approx.weeks18to26weeksandbeyond)
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Stage1:Immediatepost-operativestage(Weeks0-2)Initiallyyourkneewillbequitestiffandsoreandyourexerciseswillbelimitedtohelpyouregain
yourconfidenceinyourabilitytomoveandstrengthenyourknee.Ifyouarefindingthatyourkneeisswellingandaching,youmaybedoingtoomuch.Discussthiswithyourphysiotherapistandthey
willguideyouinwaystoreducetheswellinganddiscomfort.
Aims:
- Decreaseswelling
- Minimisepain
- Regaincomfortablekneemovement-notpushinginto‘hyperextension’(ie.paststraight)
- Regainmuscleactivationofquadriceps,hamstringsandgluts
- Tocreateaplatformtoenableyoutotoleratewalkingonyourlegwithnoaids.
ExerciseSuggestions:
Swellingmanagement:Rest,ice,compression,elevation,Anklepumps
Flexibility:Heelslides
MuscleActivation/strength:
- VMOactivation- Co-contractionsofquads/hamstrings- Glutsqueezes
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UsefulOutcomeMeasurestoguideprogressiontoStage2:
Stroketest(Sturgill,2009)=1+
Kneeextension=-5o–0o(Norkin&White1995)
Quadricepslagtest=0o–5o
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Stage2:Strengthening+NeuromuscularControlPhase(Weeks2-6)AtthispointyouwillbeguidedbyDrMainewhenyoucanremoveyourbraceandwhenyoucanstart
puttingcontrolledweightthroughyourlegunaided.
Aims:
-Togainfull,painfree,activemovement(nothyperextension)-Toreturntonormalwalkingwithoutcrutches-Regainmusclestrengthofquads,hamstrings,gluts-Balanceonsingleleg
ExerciseSuggestions:
Manualtherapy:Patello-femoralMobilisations
RangeofMotion:
- Heelslides- Proneassistedkneebends- Pronekneehangs- Hamstringandcalfstretches
Strength:
- VMOactivation- Co-contractionsofquads/hamstrings- Bridging- Calfraises- Wallsits- Stepups- Pronekneecurlsàaddtheraband- MinisquatsàProgressedasable- MinilungesàProgressedasable
Balance/Proprioceptiveexercises:
- Balance-singleleg,wobbleboard- Glutmedactivationinstanding
CardioExercises:
- Exercisebikewithlowresistance
NOTE:Ifameniscusrepairhasbeendonetherewillberestrictionsontheamountofweightedkneeflexion
thatcanbedone.
Youmaystartsomegentlehydrotherapyinthepoolatthisstageoncesurgicalwoundshavehealed.Thismaycompriseofwalkinginwater,minisquats,calfraisesandlunges.YoushouldNOTcommencekicking(eitherfreestyleor
breaststroke)untilclearedbyyoursurgeon/physiotherapist(usuallyafter3-6
months).
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OutcomeMeasurestoguideprogressiontoStage3:
- Kneeflexion=90o–100o(Norkin&White1995)- Calfraises=Toachieve10xminimalsupport,kneefullyextended- Balancetesting- FunctionalAlignmentTest
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Stage3:StrengthandEndurance(Weeks6-12)Atthisstage,aplatformshouldhavebeencreatedwhereyoufeelconfidentintheabilitytotakecontrolledweightthroughyourknee.Yourswellingshouldbeminimalandyoushouldbeabletomoveyourkneethroughacomfortablerange.TheimportantaspectatthisstageistheWINDOW
periodfrom6-10weeksafteryouroperationiswhenthegraftisatitsWEAKEST.Itisimportantthatyoudonotattempttodotoomuchandreturntoactivities/sporttooearly.
Aims:
-Improvestrengthandendurance
-Strengthensafelyisthemainpriority-youwanttoCREATEAPLATFORMforyourkneetotoleraterunningandproprioceptiondrills.
ExerciseSuggestions:
ROM:Continueduntilfullpainfreerange
Strength:
6weeks:
- Stepups/downs- Wallsits- Pronekneecurlswiththeraband- Squats–singleleg- Lunges- Eccentrichamsdrills- Corestabilityexercises–planks,sideplanketc
8weeks:(Aim-Fullrangeofmotion)
- Increasedepthsquats+lunges- Concentrichamstringswiththeraband–proneandstanding- Pronealternatecurls(legwts-2kg)- Overedgeofbedflicksandwobbles(2kg)- Therabandresistedhipextensioninstanding- Chairbridging(2legs)
GymProgramcanbestartedaroundthistime.
- Legpress- Inclinelegpress- SeatedhamstringcurlsàPronehamstringcurls
10-12weeks(cantoleratetheaboveprogramfor2/52)
- Splitsquats- DeadLifts- Walkinglunges+weight
Important!Maintaingoodcontrolwithallexercises
duringthistime.Noopenchainkneeextensionexercises.
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Balance/Proprioceptiveexercises:
- Balance-singleleg,wobbleboard- Flicks&wobbles(dynamichams)- Singlelegrebounderbalance
CardioExercises:
- Exercisebikewithincreasingresistance- Pool Poolrunning(vestorflotationbelt)
C-VTraining(intervalsforgeneralfitnessetc)
- Rower(notmeniscalrepairs–DrBartlett)- Stepper/Versa-climber(90degreesonly,notmeniscalrepairs)- Walker
Stretches:
- Calf- Hamstring- Quads- ITBstretches
OutcomeMeasurestoguideprogressiontoStage4:
Test AimSinglelegchairbridges 10repetitionswithgoodcontrol
Sidebridgeendurancetest Comparetootherside
Singlelegpress 80%ofoppositeleg
Starexcursionbalancetest(Gribbleetal2012)
80%ofoppositeleg
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Stage4:Createaplatformforrunning,agilityandlandings
(Weeks12-18)Bythistimeyoushouldfeelasthoughyourkneeisquitestableandisimprovinginstrength.YouarenowaimingtoCREATEAPLATFORMforyourkneetotolerateSPEEDandChangesinDIRECTION.
Aims:
- Ongoingimprovingofstrengthandendurance
- Improveproprioception
- Initiatepoweranddynamicactivities
ExerciseSuggestions:
StrengthExercises:
- Squats+weight- Walkinglunges+weight- Clocklunges- Singlelegsquats- Hamstringcurls(therabandorweights)- Singlelegbridging–onball+hamstringcurls
DynamicExercises:
12Weeks
- Jumpingonspot/fwds/bwds(2legs)- Jumpingside-side(2legs)
14Weeks
- Hoppingdrills(jump-stop,hop-stop,from10cmto20cmetc)- Obstaclehopping,gridhopping- Steprunning- Ladderrunning- Boxjumps
Balance/Proprioceptiveexercises:
- Rebounderjogsandstops(2pillowsathome)CardioExercises:
- Bikeworkwithcleatscanbeintroduced- Asbefore
Poolprogram:
- Canstartkickingwhenclearedbysurgeonandthenprogresstoflippers.
*Previousexercisessuchasproprioceptionandstrengthshouldcontinue*
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From16WeeksRunningProgramcancommenceif….
Runningshouldbeprogressedgraduallyfromthereboundertotechniquerunningintheclinic(towardsamirror),andprogressedbyaboutthe16weeksmarktotreadmillrunning(3-5minsmax).Ifyouaretoleratingthiswell,progresstofield:joggingincombinationwithwalking(i.e.walking30m-jog30m).Graduallyincreasethejogcomponentofthisonceyouhavegoodconfidenceina
straightline.
Progressions:
- StraightlinerunningonflatsurfacesàStairsàHills/slopes- Increasingdistance,thenspeed- Shuttlerunning
Indicationsofprogressiontorunning:
Abilitytohopandlandsoftlywithoutanykneevalgus
SingleHopTest
Right=Left
Triplecrossoverhoptest
Right=Left80%+
Modifiedlandingerrorscoringsystem(Padua2009) Anysignsofkneeswellingandaching,youmaybedoingtoomuch.Ensureyoutakerestsasrequired.
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Stage5:Preparingtoreturntosport+Injuryprevention
(Weeks18-26weeksandbeyond)
Atthisstageyourkneeshouldbestrongandmuscularendurancedevelopingviathestrengthandrunningprogram.ItisatthisstagethatyourrehabilitationisaimedatCREATINGAPLATFORMforyour
kneetotolerateRETURNINGTOSPORT.
Aims:
- Concentrateonpowerdevelopment- Increasingrunningspeed- Increasingdistance- Changeofdirectiontobeintroduceslowlythenprogressedtoshortersharperagilitydrills.
ExerciseSuggestions:
- Hopping+jumpdrillscontinue- Figure8running- Diagonalrunning- Changeofdirectiondrills- Sportspecificdrillsandskills(from26weeks+)
WhenamIreadytoreturntosport?
9-12months…
- MelbourneReturntoSportScore- Whenyou,DrMaineandyourphysiotherapistareconfidentandcomfortableyouarereadyto
return.ExamplePreventionprograms:
- PEPprogram
- FIFA11+
- NetballKNEEProgram(NetballAustralia)