quadrant’s machinist handbook - alperton.ie · the world’s leading manufacturer of plastic...
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Quadrant’sMachinist Handbook
You inspire … we materialize®
The World
’s Leading M
anufacturer of Plastic S
tock Shap
esP
lastics increasingly replace traditional materials such as bronze, stainless
steel, cast iron and ceramics. They are chosen for im
proved performance and
cost reduction. Plastics can:
• R
educe W
eight
• E
liminate C
orro
sion
• Im
pro
ve Wear P
erform
ance in Unlub
ricated C
ond
itions
• R
educe N
oise
• Increase P
art Life
• Insulate, bo
th Therm
ally and E
lectrically
Typical applications
for engineering
plastics range
from
semiconductor
processing equipment com
ponents to heavy equipment w
ear parts, to food processing industry com
ponents.M
achinable plastic stock shapes (sheet, rod, and tube) are now available in
more than 50 grades, spanning the perform
ance/price range of both ferrous and non-ferrous m
etals to specialty ceramics. P
lastics capable of long term
service up to 300°C, w
ith short term exposures to 500°C
are now available. A
s the num
ber of material options has increased, so has the difficulty of selecting
the right material for a specific application.
TAB
LE O
F CO
NT
EN
TS
Coolants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Annealing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Machinability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Saw
ing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Milling
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Turning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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The World
’s Leading M
anufacturer of Plastic S
tock Shap
esThe follow
ing guidelines are presented for those m
achinists not
familiar
with
the m
achining characteristics of plastics. They are intended as guidelines only, and m
ay not represent the most
optimum
conditions for all parts. The trouble-shooting quick reference guides in this booklet should be used to correct undesirable surface finishes or m
aterial responses during machining
operations. All Q
uadrant materials are stress
relieved to ensure the highest degree of machi-
nability and dimensional stability. C
ompared to
metals, how
ever, the higher coefficient of thermal
expansion, lower stiffness and higher elasticity
as well as eventual sw
elling due to moisture
absorption (m
ainly w
ith nylons)
and possible
deformations caused by internal stress-relieving
during and after machining, generally result in
greater difficulty
maintaining
tight tolerances
during and
after m
achining. A
good
rule of
thumb for m
achining tolerances on plastics is 0.1 to 0.2% of the nom
inal size although tighter tolerances are possible w
ith very stable, reinforced materials.
Quadrant Engineering P
lastic Products’ stock shapes can be easily m
achined on ordinary m
etalworking and in som
e cases on woodw
orking machines. H
owever,
there are some points w
hich are worth noting to obtain im
proved results.
In view of the poor therm
al conductivity, relatively low softening and m
elting tem
peratures of thermoplastics, generated heat m
ust be kept to a minim
um
and heat
build up
in the
plastics part
avoided. This
is in
order to
prevent deform
ations, stresses, colour changes or even melting.
Therefore:• Tools m
ust be kept sharp and smooth at all tim
es (ground cutting edges),• Feed rates should be as high as possible, • Tools m
ust have sufficient clearance so that the cutting edge only comes in
contact with the plastic m
aterial, • A
good swarf rem
oval from the tool m
ust be assured, • C
oolants should be applied for operations where plenty of heat is generated
(e.g. drilling).
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3
When m
achining Quad
rant stock shapes, rem
emb
er...• Therm
al expansion is up to 20 times greater w
ith plastics than with m
etals.
• Plastics lose heat m
ore slowly than m
etals, so avoid localized overheating.
• Softening (and m
elting) temperatures of plastics are m
uch lower than those of
metals.
• Plastics are m
uch more elastic than m
etals.
Because of these differences, you m
ay wish to experim
ent with fixtures, tool
materials, angles, speeds and feed rates to obtain optim
um results.
GE
TTING
STA
RTE
D• A
s engineering plastics are not as rigid as
metals,
it is
essential to
support the w
ork adequately during machining
in order
to prevent
deflection or
deform
ation.
• High speed steel tools w
ork well w
ith m
any plastics.
• For long runs, use tungsten carbide, ceram
ic or
polycrystalline diam
ond
tooling.
• Polycrystalline
diamond
tooling pro-
vides optim
um
surface finish
when
machining celazole
® pbi or torlon® pai.
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Coolants
• Exept for drilling and parting, coolants are not typically necessary for therm
oplastic machining operations.
• Keeping the cutting area cool generally im
proves surface finish and tolerances.
• When coolants are required, w
ater-soluble coolants generally do very well. They should, how
ever, not be used when m
achi-ning am
orphous thermoplastics, such as P
C 1000, R
AD
EL
® PP
SU
1000, ULTE
M® P
EI 1000, P
SU
1000 and SE
MITR
ON
® E
Sd 410C
, because these materials are susceptible to environm
ental stress-cracking. The most suitable coolants for these
materials are pure w
ater or compressed air.
• When the use of w
ater-soluble coolants or general purpose petroleum based cutting fluids cannot be avoided during the
machining of am
orphous thermoplastics (e.g. during drilling of large diam
eters and/or deep holes or during tapping operations), the parts should im
mediately after m
achining be thoroughly cleaned with isopropyl alcohol first and rinsed w
ith pure water
afterwards in order to reduce the risk of stress-cracking.
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5
Annealing
Quadrant E
ngineering Plastic P
roducts’ stock shapes are annealed using a proprietary stress-relieving cycle to minim
ise any internal stresses that m
ay result from the m
anufacturing process.
This annealing procedure generally assures optimum
dimensional stability during and after m
achining. How
ever, when m
achining parts that have to m
eet stringent requirements w
ith respect to dimensional stability (tolerances, distortion, w
arpage,...) and/or w
hen machining causes asym
metric and/or heavy section changes, it is recom
mended to apply an interm
ediate annealing procedure after pre-m
achining and prior to final machining of the part.
Annealing can be done in an air or preferably a nitrogen circulating oven, or in an oil bath.
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Recom
mend
ed annealing
T1: heat-up time (heating rate: 10 – 20°C
/hour)T2:
hold-time
(depends on
the w
all thickness:
10 minutes per m
m part thickness)
T3: cool-down tim
e (cooling rate: 5 – 10°C/hour)
T4: additional
time
required to
establish norm
al room
tem
perature (depends
on the
wall
thickness: 3 minutes per m
m part thickness)
TIPS
FOR
AN
NE
ALIN
G• W
hen pre-machining, leave enough oversize to
allow m
achining to final sizes after annealing.• Fixturing
parts to
desired shape
or flatness
during the
entire annealing
cycle often
proves
advantageous.• D
o not unfixture until parts have completed entire
annealing cycle and are cool to the touch.• M
ake sure that temperatures are uniform
and within
+/- 3°C all over the oven or the oil bath at all tim
es during the annealing cycle.
• Do not take short-cuts.
THRT
T1 T2 T3 T4
Temp
erature in the centre of the plastic p
art
Oven or oil tem
perature
RT : room
temp
erature - TH : hold
-temp
erature
Time
(1)
(2)
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Annealing guid
elines
M
aterials H
eat up
Ho
ld tem
perature
Ho
ld-tim
e (T2)
Co
ol D
ow
n E
nvironm
ent(*)
PA
10-20 °C
/h 150°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air, nitrogen or oil
P
OM
10-20 °C
/h 150°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air, nitrogen or oil
P
ET
10-20 °C/h
150°C
10 min/m
m
5-10°C/h
air, nitrogen or oil
PE
-(U)H
MW
10-20 °C
/h 80°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air, nitrogen or oil
P
C
10-20 °C/h
130°C
10 min/m
m
5-10°C/h
air or nitrogen
PE
EK
10-20 °C
/h 250°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air, nitrogen or oil
P
PS
10-20 °C
/h 200°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air, nitrogen or oil
P
PS
U
10-20 °C/h
200°C
10 min/m
m
5-10°C/h
air or nitrogen
PE
I 10-20 °C
/h 200°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air or nitrogen
P
SU
10-20 °C
/h 170°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air or nitrogen
P
VD
F 10-20 °C
/h 140°C
10 m
in/mm
5-10°C
/h air, nitrogen or oil
(*): when annealing in air, a m
ore or less pronounced colour change of the outer surface is to be expected (particularly with nylons) – the thin oxidised surface-layer involved, how
ever, is m
ost of the time rem
oved during further machining operations.
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12
34
56
Machinab
ility
Relative M
achinability (1 to 6 ; 1 =
easiest)
1. TIVAR
/ ER
TAC
ETA
L 2. E
RTA
LON
& N
YLATR
ON
GR
AD
ES
/ SY
MA
LIT PV
DF 1000 / FLU
OR
OS
INT 207 &
5003. E
RTA
LYTE
/ ER
TALY
TE TX / K
ETR
ON
PE
EK
-1000 / TOR
LON
4203 & 4503 PA
I / PC
1000 / RA
DE
L PP
SU
1000 / U
LTEM
PE
I 1000 / PS
U 1000
4. ER
TALO
N 66-G
F30 / TEC
HTR
ON
HP
V P
PS
/ KE
TRO
N P
EE
K-H
PV
/ TOR
LON
4301 & 4501 PA
I5. K
ETR
ON
PE
EK
-GF30 / K
ETR
ON
PE
EK
-CA
30 / TOR
LON
5530 PAI
6. CE
LAZO
LE P
BI
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9
Drilling
Plastics can build up heat very easily during drilling operations, especially w
hen hole depths are greater than twice the diam
eter. Therefore a cooling liquid is generally recom
mended.
• Sm
all diameter holes (0.5 - 25 m
m diam
eter)
High speed steel tw
ist drills generally work w
ell. In order to improve heat and sw
arf removal, frequent pull-outs (peck-drilling)
are necessary. A slow
spiral (low helix) drill w
ill allow for better sw
arf removal.
• Large diameter holes (25 m
m diam
eter and larger)
It is advised to use drills with a thinned w
eb (dubbed drill) in order to reduce friction and hence heat generation.
Drill large holes stepw
ise: a bore diameter of 50 m
m e.g. should be m
ade by drilling successively with Ø
12 mm
and
Ø 25 m
m, then by expanding the hole further w
ith large diameter drills or w
ith a single point boring tool.
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Drilling
For the following m
aterials it is recomm
ended to bore holes in round rods on a lathe, using “insert drills” or a rigid, flat boring tool w
ith its cutting edge perfectly set on centre-height (see draw
ing on the right).
• Rods >
50 mm
diameter:
C
ELA
ZOLE
® P
BI,
TOR
LON
® PA
I, K
ETR
ON
® P
EE
K-H
PV,
KE
TRO
N®
PE
EK
-GF30,
KE
TRO
N®
PE
EK
C
A30,
TEC
HTR
ON
® H
PV
P
PS
and
SEM
ITRO
N®
ESD
410C.
• Rods >
100 mm
diameter:
E
RTA
LON
® 66-GF30, E
RTA
LYTE
®, ER
TALY
TE® TX and
K
ETR
ON
® PE
EK
-1000.
• Rods >
200 mm
diameter:
E
RTA
LON
® and NY
LATRO
N®.
No
te: for these materials, som
e machinists prefer to heat the stock shapes up
to about 120 - 150°C prior to drilling.
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11
Drilling
α : relief angle
(°)γ : rake angle
(°)φ
: top angle (°)
v : cutting speed (m
/min)
s : feed (m
m/rev.)
�
�
�S
ection AB
A
B
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Drilling
α
γ
φ
s v
ER
TALO
N / N
YLATR
ON
• TIVAR
• SY
MA
LIT PV
DF 1000
10-15 3-5
90-120 0.1-0.3
50-100
ER
TAC
ETA
L • SE
MITR
ON
ES
d 225 5-10
3-5 90-120
0.1-.03 50-100
ER
TALY
TE • TO
RLO
N 4203 / 4503 PA
I 5-10
3-5 90-120
0.1-0.3 50-80
KE
TRO
N P
EE
K-1000
PC
1000 • RA
DE
L PP
SU
1000 • ULTE
M P
EI 1000 • P
SU
1000 5-10
3-5 90-120
0.1-0.3 50-100
ER
TALO
N 66-G
F30 • TOR
LON
4301 / 5-10
3-5 90-120
0.1-0.3 50-80
4501 / 5530 PAI • K
ETR
ON
PE
EK
-HP
V /
GF30 / C
A30 • TE
CH
TRO
N H
PV
PP
S •
SE
MITR
ON
ES
d 410C / 520 H
R
CE
LAZO
LE P
BI
5-10 3-5
90-120 0.1-0.3
25-50
FLUO
RO
SIN
T 207 / 500 • SE
MITR
ON
5-10
3-5 90-120
0.1-0.3 50-100
ES
d 500 HR
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13
Difficulty
Co
mm
on
Cause
Difficulty
Tapered
H
ole
1. Incorrectly sharp
ened oil
2. Insufficient clearance
3. Feed too heavy
1. Wrong typ
e drill
2. Incorrectly sharp
ened oil
3. Feed too light
4. Web
too thick
1. Feed too heavy
2. Clearance too
great
3. Too much rake
(thin web
as d
escribed
)
1. Too much
clearance
2. Feed too light
3. Drill overhang
too great
4. Too much rake
(thin web
as d
escribed
)
1. Feed too heavy
2. Drill not
centered
3. Drill ground
off-center
Burned
or M
elted
Surface
Chip
ping
of
Surfaces
Chatter
Feed M
arks or
Sp
iral Lines on
Inside D
iameter
Drilling - Troub
leshooting
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Difficulty
Difficulty
1. Drill ground
off-center
2. Web
too thick
3. Insufficient clearance
4. Feed rate too
heavy
5. Point angle too
great
1. Dull d
rill
2. Too much
clearance
3. Point angle too
small
1. Dull cut-off tool
2. Drill d
oes not p
ass comp
le-tely through p
iece
1. Feed too light
2. Sp
indle sp
eed
too fast
3. Insufficient lub
rication from
coolant
1. Feed too heavy
2. Sp
indle sp
eed too slow
3. Drill enters next p
iece too far
4. Cut-off tool leaves nib
, which
deflects d
rill
5. Web
too thick
6. Drill sp
eed too heavy at start
7. Drill not m
ounted on center
8. Drill not sharp
ened correctly
Oversize H
oles
Und
ersize H
oles
Ho
les No
t C
oncentric
Burr at C
ut-off
Rap
id D
ulling
of D
rill
Drilling - Troub
leshooting
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15
Proper clam
ping of shapes on worktable is required to avoid vibrations and
consequent rough cutting or even rupture.
Band saw
s, circular saws or reciprocating saw
s need to have widely spaced
teeth, to assure good chip removal. They should have enough set to m
inimize
the friction between the saw
and the work and also to avoid close-in behind
the cutting edge, causing excessive heat build-up and even blocking of the saw
.
IMP
OR
TAN
T:
Reinforced m
aterials such as ER
TALO
N® 66-G
F30, TOR
LON
® 4301 PAI,
TOR
LON
® 4501 PAI, TO
RLO
N® 5503 PA
I, KE
TRO
N® P
EE
K-H
PV, K
ETR
ON
® P
EE
K-G
F30, KE
TRO
N® P
EE
K-C
A30, TE
CH
TRO
N® H
PV
PP
S, S
EM
ITRO
N®
ES
d 410C and S
EM
ITRO
N® E
Sd 520H
R are preferably cut w
ith a brand saw
which has a tooth pitch of 4 to 6 m
m (C
ELA
ZOLE
® PB
I: 2-3 mm
). Do not use
circular saws, as this usually leads to cracks.
SA
WIN
G TIP
S• Tungsten
carbide tipped
saw
blades w
ear well and provide optim
um surface
finishes ; particularly alternate top bevel and triple chip grinds yield sm
ooth cuts w
ith little or no chipping or burrs.
Saw
ing
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Saw
ing
c : circular sawb : band saw
α : relief angle
(°)γ : rake angle
(°)t
: pitch (m
m)
v : cutting speed (m
/min)
Circular saw
(carbid
e tipp
ed)
Band
saw
tcXX
X – X
� =
10 – 15
tb
�c
�
�b
�c�b
Circular saw
(carbid
e tipp
ed)
Band
saw
tcXX
X – X
� =
10 – 15
tb
�c
�
�b
�c�b
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17
α
c γc
tc v
c α
b γb
tb v
b
ERTA
LON
/ NYLATR
ON
• TIVAR
• 10 - 15
0 - 15 8 - 45
1,000-3,000 25 - 40
0 - 8 4 - 10
50 - 500 S
YMA
LIT PVD
F 1000
ERTA
CETA
L • SEM
ITRO
N ES
d 225 10 - 15
0 - 15 8 - 45
1,000-3,000 25 - 40
0 - 8 4 - 10
50 - 500
ERTA
LYTE • TOR
LON
4203 / 4503 PAI
10 - 15 0 - 15
8 - 25 1,000-3,000
25 - 40 0 - 8
4 - 10 50 - 400
KETR
ON
PEEK
-1000
PC
1000 • RA
DEL P
PS
U 1000 • U
LTEM P
EI 1000 • PS
U 1000 10 - 15
0 - 15 8 - 25
1,000-3,000 25 - 40
0 - 8 4 - 10
50 - 400
ERTA
LON
66-GF30 • TO
RLO
N 4301 / 4501 / 5530
10 - 15 0 - 15
8 - 25 1,000-3,000
25 - 40 0 - 8
4 - 6 50 - 200
4501 / 5530 PAI • K
ETRO
N P
EEK-H
PV /
GF30 / C
A30 • TEC
HTR
ON
HP
V PP
S •
SEM
ITRO
N ES
d 410C / 520 H
R
CELA
ZOLE P
BI
10 - 15 0 - 15
8 - 25 1,000-3,000
25 - 40 0 - 8
2 - 3 25 - 100
FLUO
RO
SIN
T 207 / 500 • SEM
ITRO
N ES
d 500HR
10 - 15
0 - 15 8 - 25
1,000-3,000 25 - 40
0 - 8 4 - 6
50 - 200
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Milling
Two flute end m
ills, face mills and shell m
ills with inserts as w
ell as fly cutters can be used for m
illing thermoplastics.
Clim
b milling is recom
mended to help reduce heat by dissipating it into the
chip, and melting and poor surface finishes are m
inimized.
MILLIN
G TIP
• Thin w
orkpieces
are often
fixed onto
the w
ork table
by m
eans of
suctio
n p
lates o
r d
oub
le-sided
adhesive tape.
α
γ
α : relief angle
(°)γ : rake angle
(°)v : cutting speed
(m/m
in)s : feed
(mm
/tooth)
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19
Clim
b M
illing vs. Conventional M
illing
vs.
CU
TTERR
OTATIO
N
TAB
LE FEEDC
LIMB
MILLIN
GTA
BLE FEED
CO
NVEN
TION
AL M
ILLING
CU
TTERR
OTATIO
NC
UTTER
RO
TATION
TAB
LE FEEDC
LIMB
MILLIN
GTA
BLE FEED
CO
NVEN
TION
AL M
ILLING
CU
TTERR
OTATIO
N
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Turning
TUR
NIN
G TIP
• The continuous
chip stream
pro-
duced when turning and boring m
any therm
oplastics can
be handled
well
using a compressed air pow
ered suc-tion system
(directly disposing the swarf
onto a container), in this way avoiding
the chip wrapping around the chuck,
the tool or the workpiece.
Typical turning
too
l with tung
sten carbid
e insert
5°5°
3°'0
3
11 °
Insert
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21
Turning & B
oring Troubleshooting
Difficulty
Co
mm
on
Cause
Difficulty
Melted
S
urface
1. Tool dull or
heel rubb
ing
2. Insufficient sid
e clearance
3. Feed rate too
slow
4. Sp
indle sp
eed
too fast
1. Feed too
heavy
2. Incorrect clearance angles
3. Sharp
point
on tool (slight nose rad
ius req
uired)
4. Tool not m
ounted on
center
1. No cham
fer p
rovided
at sharp
corners
2. Dull tool
3. Insufficient side
clearance
4. Lead angle not
provid
ed on tool
(tool should ease
out of cut gradu-
ally, not sudd
enly)
1. Too much p
ositive rake on tool
2. Tool not eased
into cut (tool sud-
denly hits w
ork)
3. Dull tool
4. Tool mounted
b
elow center
1. Too much
nose radius on tool
2. Tool not m
ounted solidly
3. Material not
supported properly
4. Depth of cut
too heavy (use 2 cuts)
Ro
ugh
FinishB
urrs at Ed
ge
of C
ut
Cracking
or
Chip
ping
of
Co
rnersC
hatter
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Parting (C
utting-off) - Troubleshooting
Difficulty
Co
mm
on
Cause
Difficulty
Melted
S
urface
1. Dull tool
2. Insufficient sid
e clearance
3. Insufficient coolant sup
ply
1. Feed too
heavy
2. Tool im
prop
erly sharp
ened
1. Tool rubs
during its
retreat
2. Burr on
point of
tool
1. Point angle not
great enough
2. Tool not p
erpend
icular to sp
indle
3. Tool deflecting
4. Feed too heavy
5. Tool mounted
ab
ove or below
center
1. No cham
fer ap
plied
before
cut-off
2. Dull tool
Ro
ugh
FinishS
piral
Marks
Co
ncave or
Co
nvex S
urfaces
Burns o
n O
utside
Diam
eter
Nib
s orB
urrs at C
ut-off
Po
int
1. Point angle
not great enough
2. Dull tool
3. Feed too
heavy
ww
w.q
uadrantp
lastics.com
23
Turning
α : side relief angle
(°)γ : rake angle
(°)η
: side cutting edge angle (°)
v : cutting speed (m
/min)
s : feed (m
m/rev.)
��
g
r = 0.5 – 1 m
m
Section A
B
A
B
24 Yo
u inspire …
we m
aterialize®
Turning
α
γ
η
s v
ER
TALO
N / N
YLATR
ON
• TIVAR
• SY
MA
LIT PV
DF 1000
5-15 0-10
0-45 0.05-0.5
200-500
ER
TAC
ETA
L • SE
MITR
ON
ES
d 225 5-15
0-10 0-45
0.05-.05 200-500
ER
TALY
TE • TO
RLO
N 4203 / 4503 PA
I 5-15
0-10 0-45
0.05-0.5 200-400
KE
TRO
N P
EE
K-100
PC
1000 • RA
DE
L PP
SU
1000 • ULTE
M P
EI 1000 • P
SU
1000 5-15
0-10 0-45
0.05-0.4 200-400
ER
TALO
N 66-G
F30 • TOR
LON
4301 / 5-15
0-10 0-45
0.05-0.3 100-200
4501 / 5530 PAI • K
ETR
ON
PE
EK
-HP
V /
GF30 / C
A30 • TE
CH
TRO
N H
PV
PP
S •
SE
MITR
ON
ES
d 410C / 520 H
R
CE
LAZO
LE P
BI
5-10 3-5
0-45 0.05-0.2
25-100
FLUO
RO
SIN
T 207 / 500 • SE
MITR
ON
8-12
0-5 0-45
0.08-0.4 150-400
ES
d 500 HR
ww
w.q
uadrantp
lastics.com
25
26 Yo
u inspire …
we m
aterialize®
ww
w.q
uadrantp
lastics.com
27
Reg
ional H
eadq
uarters
Visit o
ur w
ebsite fo
r add
ition
al info
rmatio
n: w
ww
.qu
adran
tplastics.co
m
EU
RO
PE
Quadrant E
PP
AG
Hardstrasse 5
CH
-5600 LenzburgTel +
41 (0) 62 8858409Fax +
41 (0) 62 8858181e-m
ail: [email protected]
All statem
ents, technical information and recom
mendations contained in this publication are presented in good faith, based upon tests believed to be reliable and
practical field experience. The reader is cautioned, however, that Q
uadrant Engineering P
lastic Products does not guarantee the accuracy or com
pleteness of this inform
ation and it is the customer’s responsibility to determ
ine the suitability of Quadrant’s products in any given application.
ER
TALO
N®, N
YLATR
ON
®, ER
TAC
ETA
L®, E
RTA
LYTE
®, TIVAR
®, KE
TRO
N®, TE
CH
TRO
N®, S
YM
ALIT
® and FLUO
RO
SIN
T® are registered tradem
arks of the Quadrant
Group. TO
RLO
N® and R
AD
EL
® are registered trademarks of S
olvay Advanced P
olymers. U
LTEM
® is a registered trademark of G
E P
lastics.C
ELA
ZOLE
® is a registered trademark of P
BI P
erformance P
roducts Inc. The guide was created by Q
uadrant Engineering P
lastic Products. D
esign and content are protected by copyright law
. © 2006 Q
uadrant Engineering P
lastic Products
Quadrant E
PP
US
A, Inc.
2120 Fairmont A
venueP
O B
ox 14235 - Reading, PA
19612-4235Tel 800 366 0300 / +
1 610 320 6600Fax 800 366 0301 / +
1 610 320 6868e-m
ail: americas.epp@
qplas.com
NO
RT
H A
ME
RIC
A
Quadrant E
PP
Asia P
acific Ltd108 Tai To Tsuen, P
ing Shan
Yuen Long - N.T. H
ong Kong
Tel +852 (0) 24702683
Fax +852 (0) 24789966
e-mail: asia.epp@
qplas.com
AS
IA-PA
CIFIC