quality-aware millimeter-wave device-to-device multi-hop

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1/12 IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia) Quality - Aware Millimeter - Wave Device - to - Device Multi - Hop Routing for 5G Cellular Networks Joongheon ( Joon ) Kim and Andreas F. Molisch Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) Sydney, Australia, June 2014

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Page 1: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

1/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device

Multi-Hop Routing for 5G Cellular Networks

Joongheon (Joon) Kim and Andreas F. Molisch

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

Sydney, Australia, June 2014

Page 2: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

2/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Introduction

• Millimeter (Mm-Wave) transmission has been actively studied for 5G cellular systems

• Objective: Increasing capacity based on ultra-wide channel bandwidth

• Thus, next generation phones will be equipped with mm-wave RF.

• Question

If device-to-device (D2D) video streaming is performed over the mm-wave enabled phones,

What kinds of algorithms are required?

• Multi-hop routing mechanisms are required due to its propagation characteristics.

• Therefore,

• A Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Multi-Hop Routing Algorithm is investigated.

Page 3: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

3/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Preliminaries

A Reference Network Model

Relay

𝒓𝟏

𝒗𝟓

Wall

Multi-Hop Routing is required in Mm-Wave D2D tocombat non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations

Multi-Hop Routing is required in

Mm-Wave D2D toenable long-distance transmission

Why Multi-Hop Routing is required for Mm-Wave D2D Communications?

𝒗𝟒 𝒗𝟔

𝒗𝟑

𝒗𝟐

𝒗𝟏

Page 4: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

4/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Mathematical Modeling

Objective Function

𝑠𝑘∈𝑉𝑠

𝑞𝑘 𝑓𝑠𝑘→𝑣𝑠𝑘Maximize:

𝒔𝒌 𝒅𝒌

Flow from 𝒔𝒌 to 𝒗 originated by 𝒔𝒌

𝒗

……𝒇𝒔𝒌→𝒗𝒔𝒌 𝒇𝒗→𝒗𝟏

𝒔𝒌𝒇𝒗𝟏→𝒗𝟐

𝒔𝒌

𝒗𝟏

𝒇𝒗𝒏→𝒅𝒌

𝒔𝒌

The Quality Function of the

Flow Originated by 𝑠𝑘

Maximize the sum of the qualities of all give flows

Summation of the Qualities

of All Flows

(𝑉𝑠 is a set of sources)

Source 𝒔𝒌 Session 𝒌 Destination 𝒅𝒌

Two Types of Quality Functions

Flow amount Flow amount

Quality Quality

𝑞𝑘 ∙ 𝑞𝑘 ∙

𝑤𝑘 𝑤𝑘

𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑠𝑘 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑠𝑘

Linear

FormNonlinear

(Concave)

Form

Page 5: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

5/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #1: Device Constraints

𝒔𝒌 …… 𝒗𝒊

𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 1,0,

if 𝑣𝑖 sends data to 𝑣𝑗otherwise

𝒗𝒋 …… 𝒅𝒌

𝑠𝑘≠𝑣

𝐿𝑠𝑘→𝑣 = 1, ∀𝑠𝑘

Each source 𝑠𝑘 should

send data to the one of

the other nodes:

𝑣≠𝑑𝑘

𝐿𝑣→𝑑𝑘= 1, ∀𝑑𝑘

Each destination 𝑑𝑘 should

receive data from the one of

the other nodes:

𝒗𝒍

In intermediate nodes,

If it receives data, it should transmit the data,

and visa versa, i.e.,

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝐿𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

Page 6: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

6/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #2: Relay Constraints

… …

𝑣≠𝑟𝑘

𝐿𝑣→𝑟𝑘 ≤ 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑅𝑥

The number of incoming flows is limited by

the number of receiver RF 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑅𝑥 chains:

Relay

𝒓𝒌

𝑟𝑘≠𝑣

𝐿𝑟𝑘→𝑣 ≤ 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑇𝑥

The number of outgoing flows is limited by

the number of transmitter RF 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑇𝑥 chains:

Each antenna has a connection to one device only.

Page 7: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

7/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #3: Flow Constraints

… …

Relay

𝒓𝒋The amount of

Incoming Traffic

The amount of

Outgoing TrafficThe amount of

Incoming Traffic

The amount of

Outgoing Traffic

The amounts of incoming traffic and outgoing traffic should be same:

𝒗𝒋

In each device 𝑣𝑘,

In each relay 𝑟𝑘,

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝑓𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗

𝑠𝑘 = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝑓𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

𝑠𝑘 , ∀𝑠𝑘

𝑣𝑖≠𝑟𝑗

𝑓𝑣𝑖→𝑟𝑗

𝑠𝑘 = 𝑟𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝑓𝑟𝑗→𝑣𝑙

𝑠𝑘 , ∀𝑠𝑘

Page 8: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

8/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #3: Flow Constraints (Continued), Capacity Calculation

𝒇𝒗𝒊→𝒗𝒋

𝒔𝒌𝒗𝒊 𝒗𝒋

Limited by Link Capacity: 𝐶 𝑣𝑖,𝑣𝑗= 𝐵 ∙ log2 1 + 𝑆𝑁𝑅

𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙,𝑑𝐵 − 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒,𝑑𝐵

𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙,𝑑𝐵 = 𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃 + 𝐺𝑅𝑥 + 𝐿 𝑑

• 𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃: 47 dBm in 38GHz

• 𝐺𝑅𝑥: Rx antenna gain (25 dBm in relays, 13.3 dBm in phones)

• 𝐿 𝑑 : path loss model which is formulated as

where 𝑑0 = 5m (unit distance), λ is wavelength, 𝑛 is path-loss

coefficient, 𝑋𝜎 is a shadowing (Gaussian) random variables.

𝐿 𝑑 = 20 log104𝜋𝑑0

λ+10𝑛 log10

𝑑

𝑑0+𝑋𝜎

𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒,𝑑𝐵 = 10 log10 𝑘𝐵𝑇𝑒 ∙ 𝐵 + 𝐹𝑁

• 𝑘𝐵𝑇𝑒: noise power spectral density (-174dBm/Hz)

• 𝐹𝑁: Rx noise figure (set to 6 dB)

Page 9: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

9/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Mathematical Optimization Formulation

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

𝑠𝑘∈𝑉𝑠

𝑞𝑘 𝑓𝑠𝑘→𝑣𝑠𝑘Maximize:

Subject to

𝑠𝑘≠𝑣

𝐿𝑠𝑘→𝑣 = 1, ∀𝑠𝑘 𝑣≠𝑑𝑘

𝐿𝑣→𝑑𝑘= 1, ∀𝑑𝑘

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝐿𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

𝑣≠𝑟𝑘

𝐿𝑣→𝑟𝑘 ≤ 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑅𝑥

𝑟𝑘≠𝑣𝐿𝑟𝑘→𝑣 ≤ 𝑁𝑅𝐹

𝑇𝑥

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝑓𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗

𝑠𝑘 = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝑓𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

𝑠𝑘 , ∀𝑠𝑘

𝑣𝑖≠𝑟𝑗

𝑓𝑣𝑖→𝑟𝑗

𝑠𝑘 = 𝑟𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝑓𝑟𝑗→𝑣𝑙

𝑠𝑘 , ∀𝑠𝑘

𝒇𝒗𝒊→𝒗𝒋

𝒔𝒌 ≤ 𝑪 𝒗𝒊,𝒗𝒋

Max-Min Multi-Hop Flow Routing

𝑄Maximize:

where 𝑸 ≤ 𝒇𝒗𝒊→𝒗𝒋

𝒔𝒌

Even though max-min multi-hop flow routing is widely

used for quality-aware applications, it cannot

consider the differentiated quality functions of the

given individual flows.

This formulation is mixed integer disciplined convex

programming where the given integers are 0-1 binary

(i.e., 𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 0,1 ), i.e., branch-and-bound is

widely used in literatures to obtain optimal solutions.

Page 10: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

10/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Performance Evaluation

Parameters, Settings, and Results

• Parameters

• Carrier frequency: 38 GHz

• In 25 dBi Rx antenna (for relays),• 𝑛 is 2.20 in LOS and 3.88 in NLOS

• 𝜎 is 10.3 in LOS and 14.6 in NLOS

• In 13.3 dBi Rx antenna (for phones),• 𝑛 is 2.21 in LOS and 3.18 in NLOS

• 𝜎 is 9.40 in LOS and 11.0 in NLOS

• Settings

• 20 number of phones; 5 number of relays

• Each relay has 4 Tx RF and 4 Rx RF

• 4 sessions with various quality functions

Parameters and Settings Performance Evaluation

• The proposed algorithm (differentiated quality consideration (DQC)) is

compared with max-min scheme routing (MmF).

• Average throughput of DQC & MmF, i.e.,𝐸 𝑇𝐷𝑄𝐶|𝑝𝑘 & 𝐸 𝑇𝑀𝑚𝐹|𝑝𝑘depending on link failure probability 𝑝𝑘

DQC presents 33% better average

throughput compared to max-min

flow routing.

Page 11: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

11/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Conclusions and Future Work

• We propose a millimeter-wave multi-hop routing protocol for 5G cellular systems:

• Assisted by multi-antenna relays

• Quality-Awareness is introduced

• Differentiated quality metrics for individual flows are taken account (better performance than max-min routing)

• 33% performance improvement compared to max-min flow routing

• Future research direction

• Conducting further research for the other 5G frequency, i.e., 28 GHz, as well.

Page 12: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop

12/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Q&A

• For more questions,

please email to

[email protected], [email protected]