quality by design (qbd) kvalitet vo dizajnot na preparatite so modificirano osloboduvanje
TRANSCRIPT
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Quality by Design (QbD)KVALITET VO DIZAJNOT
na preparatite so modificirano osloboduvanje
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VOVED
• Farmacvetskite produkti i procesi se kompleksni i multivarijantni.
• Poradi toa razbiranjeto I razjasnuvanjeto na relevantnite multifaktorijalni medjuzavisnosti (pomedju komponentite na formulacijata, procesot i atributite na kvalitet na FDF) voobicaeno pobaruva primena na multivarijantni pristapi kako sto se: DoE (statisticki dizajn na eksperimenti); RSM (response surface methodologijata); optimizacija i multivarijantna analiza na podatocite ili hemometrija vo kompilacija so solidna baza na znaenja za problemot
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Ctd….
• ICH Q8 R(2): The suitability of either a drug substance or a drug product for its intended use
• Quality cannot be tested into products; Quality cannot be tested into products; Quality can only be built into productsQuality can only be built into products
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Def.
• Quality by Design “oznacuva deka karakteristikite (performansite, osobinite) na produktot I procesot se naucno dizajnirani zal da se postignaat odredeni celi (soodvetna rastvorlivost, bioraspolozlivost, efikasnost),
• Za da se postignat postavenite QbD celi, karakteristikite na produktot i procesot koi se vazni/kriticni za posakuvanite performanci se deriviraat kako kombinacija na prethodnite znaenja kako i eksperimentalnite rezultati i ispituvanja za vreme na razvojot na produktot.”
• Pharmaceutical Quality = ƒ (Drug substance, excipients, manufacturing, and packaging)
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Ctd….
• Se pocnuva od prethodno definiraniot targetiran profil na produktot - predefined target product profile (TPP), posle sto se apliciraat razlicni principi I alatki so cel da se razbere produktot I procesot (ICH, 2008a,b; CMC-IM, 2008; Cook et al., 2009)
Quality Target Product ProfileICH Q8(R2) DefinitionQTPP : A prospective summary of the qualitycharacteristics of a drug product that ideally willbe achieved to ensure the desired quality, takinginto account safety and efficacy of the drug product.
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Ctd…. - Alatkite na rizik analizata se apliciraat za da se odredi
preliminarnata lista na potencijalnite kriticni atributi na kvalitet – CQAs (critical quality atributes) i kriticni procesni parametri – CPPS – critical process parameters vo soglasnost so ICHQ9 guidance (ICH, 2005; ICH, 2008a,b).
• Quality risk assessment (QRA) tools:– risk filtering, – fishbone diagram, and – FMEA (failure mode and effect analysis),
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Ctd….
• CQAs (critical quality attribute) se odnesuvaat na atributite na kvalitet na surovinite, intermedierniot i/ili finalniot produkt
• The terms, intermediate CQAs and manufacturability CQAs, are interchangeable.
• Posle QRA, moze da se apliciraat nekolku screening DOEs so cel da se reducira listata na CQAs I potencijalni CPPs koi vlijaat vrz kvalitetot na intermedierniot i/ili finalniot proizvod.
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Ctd….• DoE vo sklop so multivarijantnata analiza na podatoci se
primenuva za da se postigne podobreno poznavanje na formulacijata I procesot, I istovremeno da se definira dizajn prostorot vo koj ke se naodja optimalnata formulacija so najposakuvanite atributi na kvalitet.
• Pritoa multivarijantnata analiza vo sklop na DoE se primenuva za proucuvanje na kompleksnite zavisnosti na site nezavisni varijabli (faktori) kako sto se na pr. Vidot I kolicestvoto na ekscipiensite ili procesnite parametri vrz osobinite (atributite na kvlitet) na intermedierite i FDF
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So, What is QbD
Sistematski, holisticen I praktiven pristap vo farmacevtskiot
Zapocnuva so prethodno definirani celi (TPPS)
Go ovozmozuva detalnoto razbiranje na produktot I
procesot
Se bazira na nauka i rizik analiza na kvalitetot Ref.: ICH Q8 (R2)
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How QbD will help improve? Obezbeduva visoko nivo na kvalitet na lekot pred se bidejki se
poznati vlijanijata na klucnite faktori na formulacijata I procesot
od koi zavisi kvalitetot, odnosno kriticnite atributi na kvalitet
Podobreno e razbiranjeto i dizajnot na produktot I procesot
Podobren e monitoringot I pratenjeto na procesot I kvalitetot
na produktot za vreme na proizvodstvoto.
Zgolemena e efikasnosta/sigurnosta na industriskoto
proizvodstvo
Podobrena e efikasnosta na rabotata na regulatornite organi
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Overview of QbD
Quality Target Product Profile
Product Design and Understanding
Process Design and Understanding
Control Strategy
Continuous Improvement
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Komponenti na QTPP
Komponenti koi se odnesuvaat na bezbednosta, efikasnosta, cistotata I potencijata
Kriticni i ne-kriticni komponenti– Critical: uniformnost na sodrzina, disolucija– Non-critical: izgled
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QTPP components for one tablet formulation- Example
Dosage Form
Route of administration
Strength
Weight
PK/BQ
Appearance
Identity
Assay
Impurities
Content uniformity
Friability
Dissolution
Residual solvents
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Specificni QTPP
Podeleni tableti (Scored tablets)Varijacija na masa na dvete poloviniDisolucija na sekoja polovina
Brzo dezintegriracki tblTvrdinaVreme na dezintegracijaZatvaranje na kontejnerot
Preparati so modificirano osloboduvanjeDislucija vo alkoholen rastvor/Osloboduvanje na
cela doza poradi zemanje so alkohol
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Critical Quality Attributes – CQAs
CQAs poteknuvaat od CTTP
Se vklucuvaat kriticnite parametri koi pretpostavuvame
deka ke se menuvaat so variranje na kolicestvoto na
ekscipiensite I parametrite na procesot ili vv gi pratime
efektite na variranjeto na kolicestvata/vidot na
ekscipiensite i/ili procesnite parametri koi pretpostavuvae
deka ke vlijaat vrz kriticnite atributi na kvalitet-Identity test for dosage form – Not a CQA-Assay, Content uniformity – CQAs
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QTPP and CQAs
QTPP components
Dosage Form
Route of administration
Strength
Weight
PK/BQ
Appearance
Identity
Assay
Impurities
Content uniformity
Friability
Dissolution
Residual solvents
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CQAs
Assay (efficacy)
Impurities (safety)
C.U. (efficacy)
Dissolution (efficacy)
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QTPP and SpecificationsSpecifikacijata na FDF?
QTPP
• Desired target for developmental work
• Components of QTPP may or may not
be in specification
- Not in spec – Dosage form, strength
- In spec – Assay, impurities
• Does not include acceptance criteria
Specifications
• Includes all of the CQAs
• Specification is a list of - tests, - references to analytical procedures - acceptance criteria
• Establishes the set of criteria to
which DP should conform to be
considered acceptable for its
intended use
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Alatki na QbD – Aanaliza na rizikQbD Tools – Risk Assessment
Sto e toa rizik analiza za vreme na razvoj na doziranta forma –
farmacevtskiot produkt; zosto ja koristime?
Za identifikacija na nivoata na rizik na pocetokot na razvojot
Za dokumentiranje na procesot na odlucuvanje za vreme na
razvojot
Za da se odredi kolkava e potrebata od dopolnitelni studii na
zgolemuvanje I transfer na tehnologijata
Za odreduvanje na soodvetna specifikcija, kriticnite procesni
parametri i kontrolni tocki pri proizvodstvoto
Za da se namali varijabilnosta na kriticnite atributi na kvalitet
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Rizik analiza – Risk Assessment
Rizik analiza za :
- Formulacijata – pocetna formulaija, nivoa na komponenti
- Proces na proizvodstvo
Cekori pri rizik analizata:- Lista na site komponenti/procesi- Dijagram na procesot- Lista na potencijalnite problemi koi ke rezultirat so
namaluvanje na efikasnosta I sigurnosta na lekot- Postavuvanje na rizik analizata- Evaluacija na rizik analizata
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Rizik analiza - Risk Assessment
Dostapni se poveke metodologii za rizik analiza:
Failure Mode Effects Analysis & Failure Mode Effects & Criticality Analysis
Hazard & Operability Analysis
Supporting statistical tools
•It is neither always appropriate nor always necessary to use a formal risk
management process….. The use of informal risk assessment processes can
also be considered acceptable. – ICH Q9
•A risk-based justification based on experience and data is always necessary!
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PRIMERI
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Risk Assessment
Quality by Design for ANDAs: An Example for Immediate-Release Dosage FormsPRIMER ZA FDF SO BRZO OSLDOBODUVANJE I
DELUVANJE
RAZVOJ NA GENERICKI PRODUKT Acetriptan Tableti, 20 mg.
Acetriptan is a BCS Class II compound displaying poor aqueous solubility (less than 0.015 mg/mL) across the physiological pH range.
It exists in three different polymorphic forms which may affect dissolution.
Polymorph III is the most stable polymorph.
Drug product is prepared with roller compaction process.
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QTPP
• the quality target product profile (QTPP) was defined based on the properties of the drug substance, characterization of the RLD product, and consideration of the RLD label and intended patient population.
• Pharmaceutical Equivalence + Bioequivalence = Therapeutic Equivalence
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CQAs
• Identification of critical quality attributes (CQAs) was based on the severity of harm to a patient (safety and efficacy) resulting from failure to meet that quality attribute of the drug product.
• For generic acetriptan tablets, these CQAs include assay, content uniformity, dissolution and degradation products.
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Risk assessment
Risk assessment for formulation components
Drug Product CQA
Formulation Variables
Drug Substance ParticleSizeDist.
MCC/Lactose Ratio
Croscarmelose Sodium Level
Talc Level
Magnesium Stearate Level
Assay MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW LOW LOW
Content Uniformity HIGH HIGH LOW LOW LOW
Dissolution HIGH MEDIUM HIGH LOW HIGH
Degradation Products
LOW LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM
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CMAs, CPPs and CQAs
What factors affect drug product CQAs? Properties of Input Materials- Identify Critical Material Attributes
(CMAs) Properties of in-process materials- CQAs of one step become CMAs
for a downstream unit operation Manufacturing process parameters- Identify Critical Process
Parameters (CPPs)
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Input Materials
CMAs1
Output Materials
ProductCQAs
CPPs1
Unit Operation 1
Unit Operation 2
CMAs2
CPPs2
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Critical Material Attributes (CMAs)
Drug Product CQAs
Drug Substance Attributes
Solid State Form
HygroscopicityParticle
SizeResidual Solvents
Process Impurities
Chemical Stability
Physical Attributes (size and splitability)
LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW
Assay LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW
Content Uniformity
LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW
Drug Release HIGH LOW HIGH LOW LOW LOW
Risk Assessment of the drug substance attributes
Solid state form and particle size of DS are CMAs
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Risk assessment
Drug Product CQAs
Process Steps
Pre-RC* Blending and Lubrication
Roller Compaction
MillingFinal Blending
and Lubrication
Compression
Assay MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM
Content Uniformity
HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW HIGH
Dissolution MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM HIGH HIGH
Degradation Products
LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW
* RC: Roller compaction
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• Risk assessment of manufacturing process - CPP• Identify high risk steps (unit operation) that affect the
CQAs of DP.
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Justification for assigned risks
Process Steps
Drug Product CQAs
Assigned Risk
Justification
Pre-Roller
Compaction
Blending and
Lubrication
Assay MEDIUM
Suboptimal pre-roller compaction blending and lubrication
may cause variable flowability of the blend affecting
Assay.
Content Uniformity
HIGH
The PSD and cohesiveness of the drug substance
adversely impact its flowability. If not blended properly
with excipients, it may affect CU.
Dissolution MEDIUM
Blending process variables may impact the distribution of
CCS in the blend which could impact disintegration of the
granules and ultimately, dissolution of the tablets.
Degradation Products
LOW
Blending process variables are unrelated to the
degradation products of Generic Acetriptan Tablets, 20
mg.
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Process Step Pre-Roller Compaction Blending and Lubrication
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CPPs DP CQAsRisk
AssessmentJustification and Strategy
Main compression force
Content Uniformity
LOWCU is dominated by BU and flowability and is
unrelated to main compression force.
Dissolution HIGHSuboptimal compression force may affect tablet
hardness and friability and, ultimately, dissolution.
Press speed (dwell time)
Content Uniformity
HIGHA faster than optimal press speed may cause
inconsistent die filling and weight variability which
may then impact CU and dissolution. For efficiency,
the press speed will be set as fast as practically
possible without adversely impacting tablet quality. Dissolution HIGH
Process Step: Compression as CPP
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Justification for assigned risks
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QbD Tools – DoE
Design of experiments (DoE) – Useful for screening of variables with significant impact on DP CQAs
– Classical approach uses OFAT (One Factor At A Time)
– Limited number of experiments gives limited information.
– DoE helps study effects of interaction of multiple factors at a time
– Used in optimization studies, enables creation of “design space”
– “Design space” is proposed by the applicant and subject to
regulatory assessment and approval.
– “Design space” developed at lab or pilot scale can be proposed for
commercial scale, but needs to be verified at production scale for
scale dependant parameters.
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Control Strategy
“A planned set of controls, derived from current product and process understanding that ensures process performance and product quality…..”
ICH Q8 (R2) & Q10
Control Strategy includes following elements (but not limited to): – Input material attributes (e.g. drug substance, excipients,
container closure) – Equipment operating conditions (process parameters) – In-process controls – Finished product specifications – Controls for each unit operations – Methods and frequency of monitoring and control.
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Control Strategy
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Control Strategy
Control Strategy Implementation Options
Enhanced Approach
Traditional Approach
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Level 1 Real-time automatic control + Flexible process parameters
Level 2 Reduced end product testing + Flexibility for critical material attributes and critical process parameters within design space
Level 3 End product testing + tightly constrained material attributes and process parameters
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Process Analytical Technology (PAT)
Timely measurements during processing
Critical quality and performance attributes
Raw and in-process materials
At-line, on-line or in-line measurements
• Founded on “Process Understanding”
Opportunities for improvement
• More reliable and consistent processes (& product)
– Less failures, less reworks, less recalls
• Flexibility w.r.t. scale and equipment
• Better / faster Quality Systems
• Process Enhancement Opportunities
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PAT in Tablet manufacturing
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Stage Technique Measurement
Dispensing NIR / Raman Identification of raw materials
Wet Granulation NIR Moisture distribution
Drying NIR Moisture content
Blending NIR Blend Uniformity
CompressionStrain gauges Compression force
NIR Content Uniformity
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PAT Examples
Spectral Probe NIR Analyzer installed on viewing window of Glatt FBD without any dryer modification.
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PAT Examples
Real-time Blend Uniformity by using TruProcess™ Analyzer
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QbD: Required or Optional?
Required
• Quality target product profile (QTPP) including critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the drug product and including Product design and understanding
• Product design and understanding
– Critical material attributes (CMAs) of the drug substance and excipients
• Process design and understanding
– Critical process parameters (CPPs)
• Control strategy, including justification
Optional
• Design Space
• Process Analytical Technology
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Quality by Design Example forGeneric Modified Release
Drug Products
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Modified-Release QbD Example
• Developed by the Office of Generic Drugs (2009-2011)• http://www.gphaonline.org/sites/default/files/DraftExampleQbDforMRTa
blet%20April%2026.pdf• Intended to illustrate the types of development studies ANDA applicants
may use as they implement QbD for these complex products.• Provide a concrete illustration of the QbD principles from ICH Q8(R2)• Development of a real product may differ from the example• Different Products will have Different Issues• There are Scientifically Valid Alternative Approaches• Full-Implementation of QbD in the review assessment by 2013
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QbD scheme
TARGET - DESIGN - IMPLEMENTATION
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Raw, Lionberger, and Yu, Pharmaceutical Research 28 (7) 2011
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Generic MR (10 mg) Tablet
• Label• Active ingredient Z (BCS Class I)• Indication: Immediate onset of effect similar to the IR product, as
well as for maintenance of the effect, for once a day dosing.• PK: MR provides for plasma concentrations of Z comparable to
immediate release product through the first two hours for immediate onset of effect, and a sustained release phase to maintain plasma concentrations of the drug through 24 hours
• Dose: 10 mg Tablet• Conveniently Scored for 5 mg Dose• Taken without Regard to Food (No Food Effect)
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QTPP for Modified Release Product
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Ctd….
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Ctd…
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Ctd…
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Formulation Development
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Ctd…
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Ctd…
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Conclusion
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References for QbD
1. Guidance for Industry: Q8(R2) Pharmaceutical Development
2. Guidance for Industry: Q9 Quality Risk Management
3. Guidance for Industry: Q10 Pharmaceutical Quality System
4. Guidance for Industry PAT: A Framework for Innovative Pharmaceutical
Development, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance
5. Quality by Design for ANDAs: An Example for Modified Release Dosage
Forms
6. Quality by Design for ANDAs: An Example for Immediate Release Dosage
Forms
7. GPhA presentations
8. Draft QbR updated
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