quality creates value 1 emerging technologies for geotextiles(geosynthetics)

Quality creates value

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Emerging Technologies For Geotextiles(Geosynthetics)


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Technical Textiles


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Global market scenario for geosynthetics

Global market has grown to US$ 3000 Million in 2009 Global growth of geosyntethics is estimated by 5% Geosyntethics account for 0,8% of the total technical

textile segment

India Geotextiles market is approx. RS. 226 crores Rs. 105 crores imported production RS. 121 crores domestic production expected growth is 12%, on long term up to 20%


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Geosynthetics

Geosynthetics is a generic term that is used to describe a product with at least one component manufactured of synthetic or natural polymer ,for use with soil, rock or other materials used in public works projects.

Types of geosynthetics Geogrid Geotextile Geocomposite


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Geosynthetics - Functions

Reinforcement-Improving mechanical properties of soil

Separation-Long term functionality of all structural layers is provided by the use of geosynthetic material between two dissimilar geotechnical materials to prevent mixing.

(Such requirement is there for roads & railways)

Erosion control-To prevent the surface erosion of soil particles because of water/wind forces.


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Geosynthetics - Applications

Reinforcement -

Basal Reinforcement/Ground stabilisation--Use of geosynthetic material for improvement of load bearing capacity.Geosynhetic materials are utilised to balance eneven settling,absorb loading forces & reduce the thickness of expensive coarse grained material.

Supporting structures -Retaining walls & Bridge Abutments –While constructing supporting structures or steep embankments of soil, shear strength of which would be exceeded in normal circumstances. It is possible to achieve the required safety using horizontal reinforcement of embankment layers with geosynthetic material(geogrid or geotextile)

The face wall can be made of Concrete elements ( prefabricated blocks, panels).

It can also be made as a Soft Face ( by wrapped-around method).

Asphalt reinforcement-Asphalt layers have low strength,Glassgrids or geocomposites are used to increase the strength of the asphalt layer & ensure its uniform distribution in larger areas.

They prevent formation & sprading of reflex cracks by absorption of shear forces.


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Geogrid

GEOGRIDS are geosynthetics formed by a regular network of integrally connected elements with apertures greater than 10mm to 100mm to allow interlocking with surrounding soil, rock, earth and other surrounding materials to function primarily as reinforcement


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Geogrids: woven grids for the use in roads, dams, railways…

A wide spectrum of manmade fibers and natural fibers


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Geogrids - Functions

1. Soil reinforcement

They are used primarily for soil reinforcement. Their strength can be greater than the more common geotextiles. Geogrids have a low strain and stretch only about 2 to 5% under load.

The most important characteristics of geogrids are high water drainage combined with exceptional mechanical strength and long term creep resistance.

2. Soil stabilization


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Geogrids - Applications

Soil reinforcements in embankments and walls

Subgrade stabilization


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Uniaxial Geogrids - Applications

segmental block retaining walls, slope reinforcement, pile cap platforms and base reinforcement applications such as roads, car parks and rail line construction.

Biaxial Geogrids - ApplicationsEquipped with dual directional strength combined with the interlocking system, Merex BL products are specially designed for foundation applications.


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Biaxial Geogrid – Sub-grade Stabilisation



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Biaxial Geogrid – Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation



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Geogrids are open mesh but also closed constructions


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Biaxial Geogrid – Installation of Geogrid at balast level



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Glassgrid-A type of Geogrid

The GlassGrid® Pavement Reinforcement System provides additional support to resist the migration of reflective cracks in pavement structures.

Cracks migrate toward surface in unreinforced overlay.

Cracks are redirected in GlassGrid reinforced overlay.


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Glassgrid

Glassgrid is an exceptionally strong reinforcing material specially developed for pavements.

It consists of glass fibre strands arranged in a grid structure and covered with a polymer coating and a pressure sensitive adhesive.

Each strand has a remarkably high tensile strength and high modulus of elasticity at low elongation.

This combination of outstanding tensile strength and high modulus makes Glasgrid actually stronger than steel.


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Geotextile

Geotextiles form one of the two largest group of Geosynthetics.

They are textiles in the traditional sense, but consist of natural fibers like jute, coir or synthetic fibers depending on the requirement, mainly whether biodegradation is desired or not.

These are fabric or cloth-like materials that are classified based on the method used to manufacture the fabric: either woven or non-woven.


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Geotextile - types

Woven monofilament


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Geotextile - types

Woven multifilament


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Geotextile - types

Woven Slit film


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Geotextile

Woven Geotextile:

Woven construction produces geotextiles with high strengths and moduli in the warp and fill directions and low elongations at rupture.

Woven construction produces geotextiles with a simple pore structure and narrow range of pore sizes or openings between fibers.

Woven geotextiles are commonly plain woven, but are sometimes made by twill weave or leno weave (a very open type of weave).

Woven geotextiles can be composed of monofilaments or multifilament

yarns made up of PE,PVA,PP or natural textile material.


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Geotextiles: Mass per unit area - Fabric in comparison with nonwovens

Te

ns

ile

str

en

gth

kN

/m

Mass per unit area g/m²

up to 5x higher

Source: material report Hochschule Rapperswil


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Geotextiles: Elongation - Fabric in comparison with nonwovens

Mass per unit area

of 200 g/m²

Fabric

Thermally bonded nonwoven PP

Needle punched nonwoven PES

Needle punched nonwoven PP

Elongation %

Te

ns

ile

str

en

gth

kN

/m

Source: material report Hochschule Rapperswil


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Geotextile - Applications

Separation

Reinforcement


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Geotubes -Main Applications

Dewatering solutions

Geotubes used in artificial Island projects

Shoreline (Coastal) protection


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Geotubes

Dewatering

Solution


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DORNIER weaving machines can contribute to an efficient production of

various types of geosynthetics.


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Geogrids in closed and open constructions ...

... used for geotextile and agriculture purposes


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..offers stress- free insertion for all kinds of yarns

Online coating procedure on DORNIER rapier machines


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Positive weft yarn handling through the entire weft insertion


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No guiding elements in the shed


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Open shed insertion system

DORNIER unique open shed insertion guarantees equal weft tension over the full fabric width, minimum friction between warp and weft


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Main parameters for Geogrids

materialtensile strength

mesh size

PP, PES, Glass, Jute, …

40 – 400 kN/m and more

10x10 mm19x28 mm31x31 mm

…


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Example for Geogrid-Specification

material

tensile strength

mesh size


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Example for Geogrid-Construction

Mesh size20 x 20 mm

Web size in warp direction

Web size in weft direction

x mm

x mm

Web size is not fixed in

specification!


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Example for Geogrid-Calculation1. Requested tensile strength of e.g. 109 kN/m2. Requested textile type PET (Polyester high tenacity)3. Search for fiber type with high tensile strength e.g. 82.5 cN/tex 4. Search for standard yarn-types with parameters e.g. 1100 dtex 2200 dtex5. Evaluation of the yarn tensile strength e.g. 0.088 kN 0.176 kN6. Evaluation of number of threads e.g 1239 6197. Addition of 10% more threads for loss in production 1362 6818. Requested mesh size of e.g. 20 x 20 mm9. Preestimated width of the web size 9 mm 6 mm10. Evaluation of number of meshes per meter here e.g. 34 3811. Evaluation of number of threads per mesh here e.g. 27 1412. Evaluation of the yarn-diameter here e.g. 0.337 mm 0.477 mm13. Exspected Web-size in warp-direction here e.g. 9.1 mm 6.7 mm14. With different patterns the web size can be influenced

End of the first run!Second run! Pos. 9 - 13

Adjustment of the proportion of mesh-size and web-size.


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Geogrid-Construction

Mesh size20 x 20 mm

Web size in warp direction

Web size in weft direction

7 mm

6 mm

Tolerance inmesh size +/- 3 mm

14 weft threads in double weft insertion

(7 picks)

14 warp threads


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Geogrid made with Leno

face side reverse side

leno thread


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Online coating procedure on DORNIER rapier machines


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Coating-material as online coating is required in most cases

PVC Bitumen Latex Plastisol Silicon


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Glass fabric woven on DORNIER rapier or airjet machines


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Reinforcements for facades – Glass roving 68 to 600 tex


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Today and furture markets / building industry

Reinforcement of concrete support structures with carbon grid fabrics and UD structures

reinforcement and repair of concrete components

silos / tanksbridges / highway lanes

tunnels / tubes

Delicate structures and elements of facades

Vibration damping

Explosion protection / earthquake protection


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Composition of glass yarn fabrics ...

... used as wall paper - fireresistand


Producers:

Hüsker (D)

Propex (D)

Synteen/Lückenhaus (D)

Edilfloor (I)

Low & Bonar (GB) (MehlerTexnologies gehört L&B)

TenCate (NL)

Kordarna (CZ)

Stradom (PL)

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DORNIER weaving machines are the most reliable instruments having the widest potential for the

production of technical fabrics


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quality creates value 1 emerging technologies for geotextiles(geosynthetics)

Documents

reinforcement slide

geosynthetics geosynthetics

soil reinforcement

geotextilesgeosynthetics

surrounding soil

geosynthetics global

natural fibers slide

geogrids functions