quality engineering 9 - iso14000

7/28/2019 Quality Engineering 9 - IsO14000

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ISO14000The Environmental Standard

After the success of the ISO9000 series of quality standards, the International StandardsOrganization is nearing completion and

publication of a comprehensive set of standardsfor environmental management.

This series of standards is designed to cover thewhole area of environmental issues for organizations in the global marketplace.

ISO14000 - Introduction



uThe standard follows the approach of ISO 9000, usingthe tried methodology of plan, do check and review

uBut it differs in requiring organisations to commit tocontinuous improvement in environmental performance.

uAn EMS is basically a management tool to oversee thevarious environmental aspects of a company’s activitiesin a systematic way.

uContinuous improvement in environmental performanceis assessed in periodic reviews or audits againstobjectives and targets

ISO 14000 - Introduction

BASIC REQUIREMENTS

uSay What You Do

uDo What you Say

uRecord What You Did

uCheck on the ResultuAct on the Difference

Plan

Check

Act

Do

PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT CYCLE

for continuous improvement



Write down

what you did

Justify whatyou do

Do what

you say

Record whatyou did (audit)

Review what

you did

Revise whatyou will do

PLAN

DOCHECK

ACT

CORRECTIVE

ACTION

The ISO 14001 can be used for any of severalpurposes, such as,

ucreating an EMS

uauditing an EMS

useeking th ird-party certification

useeking customer recognition of an EMS

udeclaring an EMS to the general public

ISO 14000- Introduction

ISO 14000 - IntroductionuThe best way to look at an environmental policy is to

think in terms of conservation of resources. In other words, waste as little as possible. The result is lessenvironmental impact and better profitability. It wouldseem that Taguchi's axiom that quality is measure bythe loss to society works equally well for environmental issues.

uOne recent survey of ISO 9000 registrars showed thatover half of them are already planning to audit againstthe ISO 14000 standards.



Elements which can be Covered

uTraditional Environment

uStaff and Health Safety

uProduct Service Safety/Integrity

uPublic Safety

The General Issues

uPhysical Planning

uEnvironmental Impact Assessment

uAir Emissions

uEffluent Discharges

uWater Supplies and Sewage Treatment

uWaste-normal and ToxicuPackaging

u Nuisances

The General Issuesu Noise

uRadiation

uAmenities, trees, wildlife

uUrban renewal site dereliction

uSafety Security of Service/product

uMaterials and Energy Usage

uPublic Safety

uStaff Health and Safety



The Specific Issues

uAll the general issues of relevance

uSite and Specific Issues

uOperational /Service Issues

uSupplier Issues

Packaging Issues

uOver-packaging

uRedundancy

uBiodegradability

uToxicity

uReusability

uRecyclabilityuRetrievability

uAlternative use after delivery

The ISO 14000 series emerged primarily as aresult of the Uruguay round of the GATTnegotiations and the Rio Summit on theEnvironment held in 1992.

While GATT concentrates on the need to reducenon-tariff barriers to trade, the Rio Summitgenerated a commitment to protection of theenvironment across the world.

The environmental field has seen a steadygrowth of national and regional standards.

History of Development



The British Standards Institution has BS 7750,

the Canadian Standards Association hasenvironmental management, auditing, eco-labeling and other standards,

the European Union has all of these plus the eco-management and audit regulations,

and many other countries (e.g. USA, Germanyand Japan) have introduced eco-labeling

programs.

After the rapid acceptance of ISO 9000, and theincrease of environmental standards around theworld, ISO assessed the need for internationalenvironmental management standards. Theyformed the Strategic Advisory Group on theEnvironment (SAGE) in 1991, to consider whether such standards could serve to:

Promote a common approach to environmentalmanagement similar to quality management;Enhance organizations’ ability to attain andmeasure improvements in environmental

performance; andFacilitate trade and remove trade barriers.

The new series of ISO14000 standards are

designed to cover:

envir onmental management systems

environmental auditing

environmental performance evaluati on

environmental labelin g

life-cycl e assessment

environmental aspects in pr oduct standards



A set of international standards brings a world-wide focus to the environment, encouraging acleaner, safer, healthier world for all.

The existence of the standards allowsorganizations to focus environmental effortsagainst an internationally accepted criteria.

Why have these new standards ?

At present many countries and regionalgroupings are generating their own requirementsfor environmental issues, and these vary

between the groups.

A single standard will ensure that there are noconflicts between regional interpretations of good environmental practice.

The fact that companies may needenvironmental management certification tocompete in the global marketplace could easilyovershadow all ethical reasons for environmental management.

Benefits of an

Environmental

Management

System



An organization should implement an effectiveenvironmental management system in order tohelp protect human health and the environmentfrom the potential impacts of its activities,

products or services; and to assist in maintainingand improving the quality of the environment.

Benefits of an Environmental

Management System

Having an EMS can help an organization provide confidence to i ts interested parties that amanagement commitment exists to meet the

provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets;

emphasis is placed on prevention rather thancorrective action;

evidence of reasonable care and regulatory

compliance can be provided;andthe systems design incorporates the process of continual improvement.

An organization whose management systemincorporates an EMS has a framework to

balance and integrate economic andenvironmental interests.

An organization that has implemented an EMScan achieve significant competitive advantages.



Potential Benefits of an Effective EMS

uassuring customers of commitment to demonstrableenvironmental management;

umaintaining good public/community relations;

usatisfying investor criteria and improving access tocapital;

uobtaining insurance at reasonable cost;

uenhancing image and market share;

umeeting vendor certification criteria;

Potential Benefits of an Effective EMS

uimproving cost control;

ureducing incidents that result in liability;

udemonstrating reasonable care;

uconserving input materials and energy;

ufacilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations;

ufostering development and sharing environmental solutio

uimproving industry government relations.

ISO14000The Environmental Standard



The ISO 14000 Series of Standards

ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems -Specification with Guidance for Use

ISO 14004 Environmental Management Systems -General Guidelines on Principles,Systems and Supporting Techniques

ISO 14010 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -General Principles of EnvironmentalAuditing

ISO 14011 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -AuditProcedures - Part 1: Auditing of EnvironmentalManagement Systems

ISO 14012 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-

Qualification Criteria for

Environmental Auditors

ISO 14013/15 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -

Audit Programmes, Reviews &

Assessments

ISO 14020/23 Environmental Labeling

ISO 14024 Environmental Labeling -

Practitioner Programs - Guiding Principles,

Practices and Certification Procedures of

Multiple Criteria Programs


ISO 14031/32 Guidelines on Environmental PerformanceEvaluation

ISO 14040/43 Life Cycle Assessment General Principlesand Practices

ISO14050 Glossary

ISO 14060 Guide for the Inclusion of EnvironmentalAspects in Product Standards




ISO 14004 EnvironmentalManagement Systems - General

Guidelines on Principles,Systems and Supporting

Techniques

ISO 14004 shares many characteristics with itscousin ISO 9004.

For one thing a company is free to shape itsmanagement system to fit the needs of its size,market and economic situation.

Also some of the elements of a managementsystem are the same.

Summary

ISO 14004 outlines the general approach to anenvironmental system.

It includes many suggestions on how to designand implement an environmental managementsystem.

ISO 14004 is actually a guideline standardintended to help any organisation to implementor improve an environments managementsystem.



The EMS model follows the basic view of anorganization which subscribes to the following

principles.

The Principles and Elements of an

Environmental Management

System (EMS)

Principle 1—Commitment and policy

Principle 2—Planning

Principle 3—ImplementationPrinciple 4—Measurement & evaluation

Principle 5—Review and improvement

The Principles and Elements of an

Environmental Management

System (EMS)

Review

& Improvement

Measurement

& Evaluation

Continual ImprovementCommitment

& Policy

Planning

Implementation

Environmental Management System



An organization should define its environmental policy and ensure commitment to its EMS

Principle 1—Commitment and policy

An organization should formulate a plan tofulfill its environmental policy.

Principle 2—Planning

For effective implementation, an organizationshould develop the capabilities and supportmechanisms necessary to achieve itsenvironmental policy, objectives and targets.

Principle 3—Implementation



An organization should measure, monitor andevaluate its environmental performance.

Principle 4—Measurement

and evaluation

An organization should review and continuallyimprove its environmental management system,with the objective of improving its overallenvironmental performance.

Principle 5—Review and improvement

Review

& Improvement

Measurement

& Evaluation

Continual ImprovementCommitment

& Policy

Planning

Implementation




With this in mind, the EMS is best viewed as anorganizing framework that should be continuallymonitored and periodically reviewed to provideeffective direction for an organization’senvironmental activities in response to changinginternal and external factors.

Every individual in an organization shouldaccept responsibility for environmentalimprovements.

What is “The Environment”?

u“Everything, including me”

uPlanet Earth

– 40,000 km around

– Hi story: One Mi nute before Mi dnight

– Population: A Jumbo Jet every 3 minutes

?!!

Principles of Ecology

u No such thing as a Free Lunch

uEmissions disperse, but nothingdisappears

uThe sun is the source of all energy



Carrying Capacity

RESOURCES

PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION

WASTES

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

Dynamics of Growth in a Finite World

Meadows Projection

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 2075 2100

population

resources

pollution

The Main Drivers of Concern

uFinite Resources

uBy-products and Pollution – Air, Land and Water

uHealth – Of Both People and Other Life



production

use

disposal

The Cycle of Industrial Life

The Essence of SuccessfulEnvironmental Management

Understandingimpacts

Using less andbuying better

Senior management

leadership

Environmentalmanager

Environmentalliteracy

Integrationwith

managementsystem Honest

communicationsMeasurable

benefits

Main Areas of Focus

uPurchasing

uReporting

uEmployee Awareness

uProduct Development

uStrategy and Sustainability



Management Systems (EM S, ISO14001) uDefine Policy

uAllocate Staff and Resources

uDetermine Key Issues (Environmental Aspects)

uSet Objectives and Targets

uPlan to meet them

uDoing it!

uMeasurement and Monitoring

uSystems and Documentation

uAudit and Review: Checking it’s working

The ISO14001 Cycle

Initial Review

Policy

Planning

Environmental Aspects

Objectives and Targets

Management Planning and TrainingOperationalControl

Documentation

Monitoring & Audit

Management Review

Continuous Improvement

uRequirement of ISO14001

uSimilar to Total Quality Management

u Kaizen is Japanese version

uMeasurement basis

uTrack progress and Feedback Success



Responsibility and Authority

BOARD

MAIN

BUSINESS

SUPPORT

SERVICES

EMT

Successful EnvironmentalProgrammes

uMake Good COMMERCIAL SENSE

uOVERTURN conventional thinking

uBecome INTEGRATED into Business decision making

u Focus on INNOVATION and INSPIRATION

uMeet the REAL NEEDS in better ways

uACHIEVE Continuous Environmental Improvement

PRACTICAL HELP - DEVELOPING AN

ENVIRONEMNTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

Commitment Planning Example and Policy

Environmental Conserve natural resources policy& comit.

Objective 1 Minimize water use where tech-

nically & commercially possibleTarget 1 Reduce water consumption

at selected sites by 15%of present levels in 1 year

Programme1 Water reuse

Action 1 Install equipment to recyclewater used for rinsing in

Process A for reuse in Process B



PRACTICAL HELP -

IDENTIFYING ENVRIONEMNTAL IMPACTS

Activity, Product Aspect Impact

& Service

Activity - Potential for Contamination

Handling of accidental of soil or Hazardous spillage water

MaterialsActivity - Reformulation Conservation of product refinement of the product natural

to reduce its resourcesvolume

Service - vehicle Exhaust emissions Reduction of maintenance air emissions

“Excellence isnot an act but ahabit”

Ar istotle 330 BC

ISO 14001 EnvironmentalManagement Systems -

Specification with Guidance forUse



ISO 14001 is the standard used when seekingregistration or demonstration of anenvironmental system .

It spells out the actual requirements for anEMS. Note that these are considered to be theminimum number of requirements for any EMS.

The standard has the actual requirementcontained in Section 4 just like ISO 9001.

Other parts of ISO 14001 have information ondefinitions, purpose and other usefulinformation.

Summary

ISO 14001 specifies requirements for anenvironmental management system, to enable anorganization to formulate a policy and objectivestaking into account legislative requirements andinformation about significant environmentalimpacts.

It applies to those environmental aspects which

the organization can control and over which itcan be expected to have an influence.

It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria.

Scope

ISO 14001 is applicable to any organization thatwishes to

a) implement, maintain and improve anenvironmental management system;

b) assure itself of its conformance with itsstated environmental policy;

c) demonstrate such conformance to others;d) seek certification/registration of its

environmental management system by anexternal organization;

e) make a self determination and self declaration of conformance with ISO 14001.



All the requirements in ISO 14001 are intendedto be incorporated into any environmentalmanagement system.

The extent of the application will depend onsuch factors as the environmental policy of theorganization, the nature of its activities and theconditions in which it operates.

THE ACTUALREQUIREMENTS OF

ANENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

“T he organization shall establish and maintain

an EM S . . ."

begins section four of ISO 14001.

uJust like ISO 9000, section four contains all of the requirements of the system.

uAlso like ISO 9000, the word shall means youmust take this action.

uThus, you must have a well-documented EMSthat can be demonstratable to an auditor as

being in conformance and effective.

REQUIREMENTS



1 Environmental policy2 Planning

2.1 Environmental aspects

2.2 Legal and other requirements2.3 Objectives and targets2.4 Environmental management program(s)

3 Implementation and operation3.1 Structure and responsibility3.2 Training, awareness and competence3.3 Communication3.4 Environmental management system documentation3.5 Document control3.6 Operational control3.7 Emergency preparedness and response

4 Checking and corrective action4.1 Monitoring and measurement4.2 Non-conformance & corrective & preventive actio4.3 Records4.4 Environmental management system audit

5 Management review

Management

Review

Checking &

Corrective

Action

Continual Improvement

EnvironmentalPolicy

Planning

Implementation

andOperation


ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

uTop management must write and make knowna company-wide policy on environmentalissues.

uThis includes anything that has an impact onthe surrounding environment, such as noise,quality of work life, discharge, scrap, disposalof products, neighbourhood aesthetics, and soon.



PLANNINGuPlanning begins by defining where the

company can control the environmental resultsof its operations, products, and services.

uThen an up to-date list of environmentalregulations and requirements that apply to thecompany are compiled.

uUsing this information, the targets andobjectives are set.

IMPLEMENTATION ANDOPERATION

uJust like ISO 9000, the lines of responsibilityare defined provide the people and resourcesto get the job done.

uYou also have to have top management assign

a manager as the official EMS coordinator.

uThis coordinator is responsible for ensuringimplementation and then regularly reviewingthe EMS and reporting to management.

uAll this has to be documented.

CHECKING AND

CORRECTIVE ACTIONuA system should be developed where key

environmental characteristics are measured andrecorded.

uThese are done in a fashion similar to an SPCsystem, that is, a regularly scheduled activityassigned to specific people.

uThen the written data will have to be handled,analyzed, and stored under the ISO 9000

procedure for quali ty records.

uIn addition, any measurement equipment will comeunder the ISO 9000 procedure for the maintenanceand calibration measuring devices.



MANAGEMENT REVIEW

uAt regular intervals, usually at least once ayear, top management needs to review thecomplete EMS for completeness andeffectiveness.

uThis review will consist of the results of internal audits, reports on new requirementsand regulations and the management'sdiscussion of the strategic plan for thecompany.

uThen upper management will decide whether to modify or change the existing EMS to better meet their changing needs and targets. All of this has to be documented.

Management

Review

Checking &

Corrective

Action

Continual Improvement

EnvironmentalPolicy

Planning

Implementation

andOperation


CONCLUSION

uThe five basic requirements of an EMS reallyare a combination of environmental concernsand ISO 9000 requirements.

uIn fact, the most widely used national standardfor EMS, BS 7750, is extremely similar to ISO14001.

uIt would be fair to say that a company that hasISO 9000 in place and has studied BS 7750would be well on its way to conforming withISO 14001.



Implementation

Typical Guideline for Implementation:

uEstablish a steering committee of management to

oversee implementation.

uSelf evaluate company

uWrite policies for environment management system

uForm a written action plan based on a management

discussion and the base line audit; assign specific

managers specific tasks; form a project management

time line

uRevise or create Environmental Procedures Manual

to reflect the requirements of ISO 14001.

uSelect a registrar if receiving third party audit.uUpgrade or create written work instructions as required

uConduct a system wide audit when the system is in place

and compare it to the baseline audit.

uTake corrective action on weaknesses or schedule actual

ISO 14001 audit

uPrepare for the audit by reviewing all points of the

environmental management system with management and

workers

uBe audited and respond to corrective actions as needed.



As in an ISO 9000 program, senior management commitment is required before embarking on an ISO 14000

program.

Once senior management is committed toimplementing an ISO 14001 program the project

planning begins. This planning includesscheduling, budgeting, assigning personnel,responsibilities and resources, and if required,retaining specialized external assistance.

Senior management needs to provide a focus for the Environmental Management System by

defining the organization’s environmental policy. This policy must include, among other things, a commitment to continuousimprovement, prevention of pollution andcompliance with legislation and regulations.

Next, an initial review the organization’sexisting environmental program is needed.

This review includes the consideration of allapplicable environmental regulations, existing

processes, documentation, work practices andeffects of current operations.



Once the initial review is completed, a strategic

or implementation plan can be developed.

Implementation planning is similar to projectmanagement and the steps, scope, time-frame,costs and responsibilities need to be defined inorder to develop and implement anEnvironmental Management System that meetsthe organization’s targets and objectives, and

promotes continuous improvement.

The strategic plan sets the framework for partic ipation of the responsible and affected parties within the organization.

Both in the initial review and on an ongoing basis, the organization’s activit ies, products andservices require evaluation to determine their interaction with the environment.

Environmental issues such as noise, emissions,environmental impact, waste reduction andenergy use must be identified.

The organization then needs to identify theaspects which can interact with the environmentand which ones it can control or influence.

The identified impacts are then used as a basisfor setting environmental objectives within theorganization.

Objectives also need to take into accountrelevant legal and regulatory requirements,financial, operational and business requirementsand the views of interested parties.

Interested parties may be people or groups, suchas neighboursor interest groups, concerned withthe organization’s environmental performance.



Objectives of the organization need to bedetermined and specific targets set.

An objective is an overall goal which may be assimple as “meeting or exceeding regulation” or “reduction in energy consumption” and thetargets provide quantified measurements.

Objectives and targets are set by theorganization, not by the ISO 14001 standard.

Identifying the impacts, judging their significance and setting reasonable objectivesand targets are some of the major “environmental” challenges presented by ISO14000.

Ladder Environmental Management System Development


Environmental Policy

List of Issues

The Management Team

Regulations Customer RequirementsHealth & Safety Issues

in the Company

MAINTAINING

THE

SYSTEM



Once the Environmental Management System isimplemented, it’s progress needs to becontinually measured and monitored.

Routine measurement and monitoring must beundertaken of the activities which have beenidentified as having the potential for asignificant impact on the environment.

Maintaining an ISO 14000


Routine auditing and review are the keys to

continuous improvement.

Environmental as well as managementcomponents will be required in the audit

program.

Audits of an organization’s EnvironmentalManagement System do not replace, but rather

complement, the issue specific environmentalaudits that may be conducted externally byregulators and consultants or internally byenvironmental engineers or other qualified

personnel.

Periodic Environmental Management Systemaudits are needed to determine if theEnvironmental Management System conformsto the requirements of ISO 14001, and that the

program is implemented and is continuouslyimproving.



The measuring and monitoring activities and theinternal Environmental Management Systemaudits will identify areas for improvement.

Action must be taken immediately to mitigateany negative impact of the non-conformance andcorrective action must be implemented,

proportional to the non-conformance, toeliminate reoccurrence.

To ensure the continuing effectiveness of theEnvironmental Management System,management needs to regularly review andevaluate information such as the results of audits, corrective action, current and proposedlegislation, results of monitoring, andcomplaints.

This review allows management to look at thesystem and ensure that it is, and will remain,suitable and effective.

The management review may result in changesto policies or systems as the organizationevolves and as technology advances.

An organization’s Environmental ManagementSystem is not a stagnant system but mustcontinually evolve to meet the organization’sever changing needs.



RELATIONSHIPWITH OTHER

MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS

QualityManagement

EmployeeHealth &

WorkplaceManagement

SafetyManagement

Financial

Management

Environmental

Management

The Overlapping Nature of Management Systems

and Their Common Concerns

uCommon ConcernsuManagement CommitmenuManagement Plans

uDocument ControluCorrective Action

uPreventative ActionuTraining

uContinuous ImprovementuSupplier Relations

1. EnquiryBSI sends a

questionnaire andrelevant information

2. PreliminaryAssessment

BSI evaluates the questionnaire,

assess the EnvironmentalProcedures Manual and the

implementation if the companyEMS

3. Formal ApplicationCompany applies if its EMS is

ready for audit

4 Pre-Award AuditBSI audits and evaluates the company’s

EMS and the effectiveness of its

implantation

5 Award of CertificateA BSI ISO 14000 Certificate is

awarded if the company meets all

the necessary requirements

6. Post-Award

Routine SurveillanceBSI conducts post-award

surveillance twice yearly toensure that the system is

maintained

7. Renewal of

CertificateBSI renews the ISO14000

certificate if the terms and

conditions of the scheme are metThe Process

of

Certification

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