quality & specifications 09

8/13/2019 Quality & Specifications 09

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Slide 9.1

Lysons & Farrington, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, 7thedition, Pearson Education Limited 2005

Specifying and Managing Product Quality

Definitions of Quality

Conformity to requirements not goodness.

The totality of features and characteristics of a product that

bears on the ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.

Fitness for use.

ISO 8402

CROSBY

JURAN

ISO 8402

CROSBY

JURAN


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Slide 9.2


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6

5


Garvins Eight Dimensions of Quality

Performance

Reliability

Serviceability

Conformance

Durability

Features

Aesthetics

Perceived quality


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Slide 9.3


A quality system is defined as the organisational structure,responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources for

implementing quality management.

Quality System and the Quality Loop


Design/specification engineering and

product development

Procurement

Process planning and development

Inspection, testing and examination

Production

Packaging and storage

Producer

/supplier

Customer

/consumer

Marketing and market research

Disposal after use

Technical assistance and

maintenance

Installation and operation

Sales and distribution

The Quality Loop


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Slide 9.4


Purchasingproduct innovation, supplier involvement and development

A way of managing an organisation so that every job, every process, is

carried out right, first time and every time.

Definition of TQM

TQMThree important principles

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A focus on product improvement from the customersviewpoint

A recognition that personnel at all levels share

responsibility for product quality

Recognition of the importance of a system to provide

information to managers about quality processes that

enable them to plan, control and evaluate performance


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Slide 9.5



Types of Specifications

Those relating to things

Raw materials

Components

Assemblers

Final products

Systems

Complex structures

Those relating to actions

Functions

Processes

Procedures

Services


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Slide 9.6


Conditions in which the item or material is to be installed, used,

manufactured or stored

Characteristics

Performance

Life

Reliability

Control of quality checking

Packaging and protection

Requirement specified may relate to

Information from the supplier to the user


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Slide 9.7


Purchasing and StandardisationSpecifying and Managing Product Quality

Advantages to the Buyer!

Helps achieve reliability and reduces costs

Eliminating the need to prepare company specifications

Saving design time

Accurate comparison of quotations

Less dependency on specialist suppliers

Reduction in error and conflict

Facilitation of international sourcing

Removal of uncertainty as to what is required

Saving in inventory

Reduced investment in spares

Reduced cost of material handling


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Slide 9.8


Approaches to Quality Assurance

Quality systems including

ISO 9000

New design control

Design of manufacturing

processes

Incoming materials control

Supplier appraisal

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.infoagro.com/formacion/pub/images/sello_ISO9000.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.infoagro.com/formacion/pub/gestion_calidad.asp&h=252&w=248&sz=13&tbnid=vmL8vhalHjsJ:&tbnh=105&tbnw=104&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3DISO%2


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Slide 9.9


Receiving Inspection

Materials or

components received

from outside supplier

are inspected for

conformance to

specifications.

Inspection Activities

Classification

Inspection

Inspection to

separate parts

into categories

according to

specifications.

Control Inspection

Inspection of periodic

sample of

work-in-progress

of an end product

to detect and

correct deviations.

Audit Inspection

Ensuring that

procedures and

processes are

being followed to

ensure the validity

and reliability ofinspection operations



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Slide 9.10


Customer

requirements

Q.F.D The House of Quality


Engineering characteristics that

affect customer requirements

Matrix showing interaction

between each engineering

characteristic and each customer

requirement.

Target engineering characteristics

Importance of each

requirements

Customer perceived

performance against

competitors

Matrix showing

interaction between each

engineering characteristic


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Slide 9.11


Cost of QualityAppraisal Costs

Review of test and inspection data

Field (on-site) performance testing

Internal testing and release

Evaluation of field stock and spare parts

Data processing inspection and test

reports

Laboratory acceptance testing

Inspection tests (including Goods

Inward)

Product quality audits

Set up for inspection and test

Inspection and test material

Product quality audit

Appraisal Costs

(Cost of assessing the quality achieved)

Cost of Conformance



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Slide 9.12


MilesDefinition of Value Analysis

The Value Analysis Checklist


A philosophy implemented by the use of a specific set of techniques, a body ofknowledge, and a group of learned skills. It is an organised, creative approach that

has for its purpose the efficient identification of unnecessary cost, i.e., cost that

provides neither quality nor use nor life, nor appearance nor customer features.

1. Does its use contribute value?

2. Is its cost proportionate to its usefulness?

3. Does it need all its features?

4. Is there anything better for the intended use?

5. Can a usable part be made by a lower cost method?

6. Can a standard product be found which will be usable?

7. Is it made on proper toolingconsidering the quantities used?

8. Are the specified tolerances and finishes really necessary?

9. Do material, reasonable labour, overhead and profit total its cost?

10. Can another dependable supplier provide it for less?

11. Is anyone buying it for less?

quality & specifications 09

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