quantum numbers. how does a letter get to you? 5501 haltom rd haltom city, tx 76137
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Quantum Numbers
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
Still general – includes a handful of cities
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
Still general – includes a handful of cities
Specific, but includes many places
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
Still general – includes a handful of cities
Specific, but includes many places
Very specific – specifies only 1 place
Quantum numbers are mathematical “addresses” of electrons for an atom – no two electrons can have the same exact address
NotesSummary
Quantum numbers are mathematical “addresses” of electrons for an atom – no two electrons can have the same exact address
(n, l, ml, ms) => title
n = principle quantum number
•energy level
•relates to size
•possible values are all positive integers (1 to ∞)
•n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
(seven periods on the periodic table)
Notes
Summary
l = azimuthal quantum number
•sublevel
•relates to shape
•possible values are 0 to n-1 (currently 0-3)
s = 0
p = 1
d = 2
f = 3
Notes
Summary
ml = magnetic quantum number
•orbitals
•possible values are integers from –l to l
if l = 0 , then s = 0
if l = 1, then p = -1, 0, 1
if l = 2, then d = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
if l = 3, then f = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Notes
Summary
ms = spin quantum number
•spin of the electron
•possible values are ½ and -½
= ½
= -½
Notes
Summary
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
1st arrow (1, 0, 0, ½)
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
1st arrow (1, 0, 0, ½)
2nd arrow (1, 0, 0, -½)
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
1st arrow (1, 0, 0, ½)
2nd arrow (1, 0, 0, -½)
Can be combined into (1, 0, 0, ±½)
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3p: (3, 1, -1, ±½) and (3, 1, 0, ±½) and (3, 1, 1, ±½)
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3p: (3, 1, -1, ±½) and (3, 1, 0, ±½) and (3, 1, 1, ±½)
for 4s: (4, 0, 0, ±½)
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3p: (3, 1, -1, ±½) and (3, 1, 0, ±½) and (3, 1, 1, ±½)
for 4s: (4, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3d: (3, 2, -2, ½) and (3, 2, -1, ½)
notice -- no more arrows