quantum physics basics

8/7/2019 Quantum Physics Basics

1/35

Page 1 of 35

E:\IMUNE\Biofeedback Exams\Support materials\Quantum Physics Basics.doc

Quantum Physics Basics

Introduction

Wikipedia.

Wikipedia

Biofeedback Resource Books.pdf
http:///imune.net/index/downloads.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/


2/35

Page 2 of 35


Extended Consciousness

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics thermos dynamis

system surroundings
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_equilibriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_potentialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_of_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroscopichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language


3/35

Page 3 of 35


Entropy

Entropy a measure of the disorder of a thermodynamic systemhow mixed-up the system is

can

a systemwith a lower amount of energy available to do work a system in a macroscopically

more probable state

From a macroscopic perspective

From a microscopic perspective

the total

entropy of any isolated thermodynamic system tends to increase over time, approaching amaximum value
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroscopichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_thermodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_thermodynamics


4/35

Page 4 of 35


Quantum biology

Quantum biology

Quantum World: Instant Expert

The birth of an idea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg12016390.100http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16221914.600http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn6552http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg14319444.100http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn3449http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg13918904.500http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16121764.600http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16822600.100http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg15020322.900http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18424725.100http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18324635.200http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg11715590.100http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoreceptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroscopichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time


5/35

Page 5 of 35


Quantum weirdness

Uncertainty rules

.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18124404.700http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg15721254.900http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18424675.400http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17123101.000http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn6558http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18124404.700http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16121764.600http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn2209http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17323302.000http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17323302.000http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17122994.400http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg15621136.000http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg13718624.400http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18324575.300http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg13217934.200http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18124375.900http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18124375.900http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg14319392.200


6/35

Page 6 of 35


Secure networks

Lightning-fast computers

Quantum gravity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16121747.700http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18024223.300http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn340http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn6578http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18224485.200http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg15821375.300http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn6510http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn3114http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn3449http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18124315.400http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18424711.400http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18424711.400http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn3802http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn3802http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn3384http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn5076http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn4914http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn4914http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18024233.900


7/35

Page 7 of 35


.

Economies of scale

Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Banghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matterhttp://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17823901.200http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn4619http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn1405http://archive.newscientist.com/secure/article/article.jsp?rp=6&id=mg18224475.800http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn1801http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17323334.400http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16121783.800http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17723814.300http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17323294.000http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg17323294.000http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg15320654.500http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg18424685.100http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16221914.600http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/mg16922765.000


8/35

Page 8 of 35


Background
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Huygens1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Huygenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Schwingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Schr%E6%A4%A9nger1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Pauli1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Heisenberg1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Dirac1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Born1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Bornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Broglie1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Brogliehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Bohr1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Feynman1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Planck0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Relativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Relativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Bornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Constructive_and_Destructive_Interference.gif


9/35

Page 9 of 35


Old quantum theory

Planck's constant
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Hertz1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Maxwell1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpuscular_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Fresnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Young_%28scientist%29


10/35

Page 10 of 35


Bohr atom

Wave-particle duality

< Probability distribution of the Bohr atom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Victor_de_Brogliehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Victor_de_Brogliehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-particle_dualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_complementarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_complementarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Gamow140http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger-Marsden_experimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bohr_atomic_wave.jpg


11/35

Page 11 of 35


Development of modern quantum mechanics

Z. Phys.

non-commutativity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/waves_particles/wavpart4.htmlhttp://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/waves_particles/wavpart4.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg


12/35

Page 12 of 35


between

Schrdinger wave equation

Uncertainty Principle

Main article: Uncertainty principle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings_%28thermodynamics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_numbershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_momenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger


13/35

Page 13 of 35


Heisenberg voice recording in an early lecture on the uncertainty principle pointing to aBohr model of the atom: "You can say, well, this orbit is really not a complete orbit.

Actually at every moment the electron has only an inactual position and an inactual

velocity and between these two inaccuracies there is an inverse correlation."

n n-sphere
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum


14/35

Page 14 of 35


Quantum entanglement
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Reichenbach1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_goettingenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein


15/35

Page 15 of 35


instantaneously

entangled

Interpretations- the quantum micro and the newtonian macro world.

h

Consciousness causes collapse
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s_friendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness_causes_collapsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many_worldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many_worldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_variableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_Interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_of_quantum_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrenfest%27s_theoremhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics#endnote_Entanglementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradox


16/35

Page 16 of 35


Quantum Electrodynamics

Quantum electrodynamics QED

Physical interpretation of QED

quickest

probability
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanicshttp://www.heyfeynman.com/article_info.php?articles_id=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory_%28quantum_mechanics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics#_note-0#_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_integralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_shifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_momenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theory


17/35

Page 17 of 35


QED: The strange theory of light and matter

History

Planck's Universe in Light of

Modern Physics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonagahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Schwingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Dysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Paulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Heitlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra-ket_notationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Brogliehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Brogliehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantizedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_bubblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridescenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QED_%28book%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman


18/35

Page 18 of 35


Butterfly effect

butterfly effect

sensitive dependence on initial

conditions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_nuclear_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Weinberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon_Glashowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Higgshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wilczekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Grosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._David_Politzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renormalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Dysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_invariancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covarianthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965


19/35

Page 19 of 35


Does the flap of a butterflys wings in Brazil set off a tornado inTexas?

The Butterfly Effect

Sliding Doors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Butterfly_Effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_Doorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_Doorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashton_Kutcherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Butterfly_Effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Sound_of_Thunderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Sound_of_Thunderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAAShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lorenzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Duhemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Hadamardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic_theory


20/35

Page 20 of 35


Jurassic Park

Fractal

fractal

fractal

fractus,

History

The Painter's Manual
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_Doorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_Doorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_Doorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Painter%27s_Manual&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Pierre_L%C3%A9vyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch_snowflakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge_von_Kochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Weierstrasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibnizhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCrer%27s_Pentagon&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Painter%27s_Manual&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0813526132http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Fractals&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnomathematicshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/finitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch_snowflakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Mandelbrothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue_covering_dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff_dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KochFlake.png


21/35

Page 21 of 35


Plane or Space Curves and Surfaces Consisting of

Parts Similar to the Whole

How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension

fractal

Examples

d d 7
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Painter%27s_Manual&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Painter%27s_Manual&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Painter%27s_Manual&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Painter%27s_Manual&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Painter%27s_Manual&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Long_Is_the_Coast_of_Britain%3F_Statistical_Self-Similarity_and_Fractional_Dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attractorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch_snowflakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleinian_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-filling_curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menger_spongehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_fractalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homothetic_transformationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_digithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_intervalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff-Besicovitch_dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Fry_Richardsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Long_Is_the_Coast_of_Britain%3F_Statistical_Self-Similarity_and_Fractional_Dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Mandelbrothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Juliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Fatouhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Kleinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Kleinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_planehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Cantorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vy_C_curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Animated_Fractal_Color_Cycling.gif


22/35

Page 22 of 35


boundary

The fractional dimension of the boundary of the Koch snowflake

N L NLL

xN L

xNL

x

x

Generating fractals

Even 2000 times magnification of the Mandelbrot set uncovers fine detail resembling the full set.

Iterated function systems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menger_spongehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Square_%28fractal%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch_snowflakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peano_curvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_gaskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fractal&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mandelbrot-similar-x2000.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mandelbrot-similar-x6.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mandelbrot-similar-x1.jpg


23/35

Page 23 of 35


Escape-time fractals

Random fractals

Classification of fractals

Exact self-similarity

Quasi-self-similarity

Statistical self-similarity

Fractals in nature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_relationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reaction-limited_aggregation&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reaction-limited_aggregation&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion-limited_aggregationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vy_flighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal_landscapeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_fractalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_Ship_fractalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_Ship_fractalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence


24/35

Page 24 of 35


A fractal is formed when pulling

apart two glue-covered acrylic

sheets.

High voltage breakdown

within a 4 block of

acrylic creates a fractal

Lichtenberg figure.

Fractal branching

occurs on a microwave-

irradiatedDVD

Romanesco broccoli

showing very fine

natural fractals

Chaos theory

chaos theory

chaos

chaos

topologically mixing

dense
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtenberg_figurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fractal_Broccoli.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_mixinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_mixinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chaoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_%28mythology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic_system_%28philosophy%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinearityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtenberg_figurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fractal_Broccoli.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Microwaved-DVD.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Square1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Glue1_800x600.jpg


25/35

Page 25 of 35


Sensitivity to initial conditions

History
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGP-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_McBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lorenzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Smalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lucy_Cartwrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Nikolaevich_Kolmogorovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_David_Birkhoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_problemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_exponenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_exponenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadamard%27s_billiardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Hadamardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effect


26/35

Page 26 of 35


chaos

Bifurcation theory

bifurcation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay_differential_equationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ODEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEAM_roboticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Yorkehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Yorke


27/35

Page 27 of 35


Extended Consciousness

Bell's theorem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication_theoremhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg_uncertainty_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg_uncertainty_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_and_Bobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_variable_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_realismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_hidden_variable_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell


28/35

Page 28 of 35


Importance of the theorem

Bell's thought experiment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_singlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster-than-lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster-than-lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication_theorem


29/35

Page 29 of 35


Notable quotes

Bell test experiments

Bell test experiments
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Pagelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_variable


30/35

Page 30 of 35


Scheme of a "two-channel" Bell test

Most of the dozens of experiments performed so far have favored Quantum

Mechanics, but not decisively because of the 'detection loopholes' or the'communication loophole.' The latter has been nearly decisively blocked by arecent experiment and there is a good prospect for blocking the former.

Implications of violation of Bell's inequality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohm_interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_variable_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_of_quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunction_collapsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity


31/35

Page 31 of 35


Locality (Local Universe)

This article is about the principle of locality inphysics.

principle of locality

Dialectica

The following idea characterises the relative independence of objects far apart in space(A and B): external influence on A has no direct influence on B; this is known as the

Principle of Local Action, which is used consistently only in field theory. If this axiom

were to be completely abolished, the idea of the existence of quasienclosed systems, andthereby the postulation of laws which can be checked empirically in the accepted sense,

would become impossible.

Local realism

either or
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experimentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_and_Bobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_definitenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_of_quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_loopholeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_definitenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_inequalitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_inequalitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_realismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_and_Bobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_localityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_localityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_realismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many_worldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many_worldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_many-worlds_interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_definiteness


32/35

Page 32 of 35


Nonlocality

nonlocality

irreal

singlet state

"spooky instantaneous action at a distance"

direct

unspecified

real
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_at_a_distance_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohm_interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born%27s_Rulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunction_collapsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism_%28philosophy%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistent_Historieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_theoremhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_at_a_distance_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instantaneous_action-at-a-distance&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality


33/35

Page 33 of 35


and

Tao

Tao Dao

direction, way, method, road, path, principle, truth, reason, skill, method, Tao (ofTaoism), a measure word, to say, to speak, to talk.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menciushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confuciushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laozihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_Te_Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discoursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEDICThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_covariancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_invarianthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacelikehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_universeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_definitenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation


34/35

Page 34 of 35


Some characteristics of Tao
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-Yanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_Jinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_David_Waleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_Tsuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_Te_Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-yanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China


35/35

Page 35 of 35

Subspace- Hyperspace (science fiction)

hyperspace

Subspace (Star Trek)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperspace_%28science_fiction%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperspace_%28science_fiction%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster-than-lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergalactic_travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster_than_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Schools_of_Thoughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Schools_of_Thought

quantum physics basics

Documents