quebec. physical geography large area straddles three physiographic regions: –canadian shield...
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Quebec
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Physical Geography• Large area• Straddles three physiographic regions:
– Canadian Shield– Appalachia– St. Lawrence Lowlands
• St. Lawrence River separates Canadian Shield & Appalachia regions
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Physical Geography• Landforms
– Canadian shield = craton– Low, rolling
topography
• Glaciation
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Physical Geography
• Climate (Dfc & Dfb)– Often extreme:
blizzards, ice storms– Short, mild summers– Wet– Weather from West
to East
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Physical Geography
Precipitation
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Physical Geography
Soils
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Historical Settlement
• First Nations & John Cabot
• Jacques Cartier, 1534
• Sam Champlain, 1608
• Furs & Fishing:– Lakes & Interior
waterways
New France in 1597
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Historical Settlement• Seigneurial System• 18th and 19th centuries• The “Long Lot” System (Rang)
– Maximized river and road access for transportation– Rotures, mean distance of ½ mile
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Long Lot Example
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Political Economy• Primary sector, agriculture
– Thin, rocky soils• Wheat primary crop until great plains competition• Tried potatoes, apples, oats, dairy products, sugar beets in
18th and 19th centuries
– Trapping, fishing, forestry
Paper Mill, Quebec
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Urban Industry
Montreal: Financial
Quebec City: Administrative
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Québécois Nationalism
• Federation
– Powers and functions divided between a central government and political subdivisions
– Significant degree of political autonomy – Canada is a federal state, divided into ten
provinces and three territories
• British North America Act of 1867– Bilingual
• Rise of French as a first language
• The “Quiet Revolution”
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Quebec Secession Movement
• 82% of Quebec = French as first language• But many other languages spoken:
– Italian and Ukranian in Ontario and the Prairie Provinces
– European and Chinese in British Columbia– Inuit and indigenous Native Canadian in
Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
• Québécois assimilated into dominant English-speaking majority?
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Québécois Response
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Survey Says…
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Religion
Basilique Ste.-Anne-de-Beaupre in Quebec City
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Southern Quebec
Primary places of settlement
Near Gaspé
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Northern Quebec
• > 90% of land, but few people
• Influence of Grand Trunk Railway
• Economy?– Mineral resources, forestry, mining, and
hydroelectric power
• More in Lecture 17
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Urban Quebec
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The Future?
• Dominant English-speaking Realm, yet French Culture prevalent
• Independence from Canada?
• Post-industrial economy dominated by services and information technology– Generating economic security
• Influence of EU and NAFTA?
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Readings & Discussion Question
• Reading: Canadien• Reading: Maple Syrup• Reading: Joyce, William W. 1997. Introducing
Canada: Content Backgrounders, Strategies, and Resources for Educators. Washington, D.C.: National Council for the Social Studies, Bulletin 94.– Useful manual for anyone interested in helping
students learn more about Canada’s lands, peoples, politics, and economic development.
How might Quebec’s unique French heritage and culture impact its future?
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Related Books
• Bone, R. M. 2000. The Regional Geography of Canada. New York: Oxford University.– Great look at the geography of Canada with a
specific section devoted to Quebec separatism.
• Young, Brian and John Dickinson. 1993. A Short History of Quebec. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman.– Concise outline of Quebec.
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WebSources
• Quebec Tourismhttp://www.bonjourquebec.com/anglais/
• Quebec Sovereignty (in French)http://www.souverainete.info/quoi.htm
• Immigration and Cultural Diversityhttp://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/vivrequebec/section9/9_2-an.htm