QUEENSHIP AND POWER

Series Editors: Carole Levin and Charles Beem

This series brings together monographs, edited volumes, and textbooks from scholars specializing in gender analysis, women’s studies, literary interpretation, and cultural, political, constitutional, and diplomatic history. It aims to broaden our understanding of the strategies that queens—both consorts and regnants, as well as female regents—pursued in order to wield political power within the structures of male-dominant soci-eties. In addition to works describing European queenship, it also includes books on queenship as it appeared in other parts of the world, such as East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and in Islamic civilization.

Editorial Board

Linda Darling, University of Arizona (Ottoman Empire) Theresa Earenfight, Seattle University (Spain) Dorothy Ko, Barnard College (China) Nancy Kollman, Stanford University (Russia) John Thornton, Boston University (Africa and the Atlantic World) John Watkins (France and Italy)

Published by Palgrave Macmillan

The Lioness Roared: The Problems of Female Rule in English History By Charles Beem

Elizabeth of York By Arlene Naylor Okerlund

Learned Queen: The Imperial Image of Elizabeth I By Linda Shenk

High and Mighty Queens of Early Modern England: Realities and Representations Edited by Carole Levin, Debra Barrett-Graves, and Jo Eldridge Carney

The Monstrous Regiment of Women: Female Rulers in Early Modern Europe By Sharon L. Jansen

The Face of Queenship: Early Modern Representations of Elizabeth I By Anna Riehl

Elizabeth I: The Voice of a Monarch By Ilona Bell

Tudor Queenship: The Reigns of Mary and Elizabeth By Alice Hunt and Anna Whitelock

The Death of Elizabeth I: Remembering and Reconstructing the Virgin Queen By Catherine Loomis

Queenship and Voice in Medieval Northern Europe By William Layher

The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I Edited by Charles Beem

The French Queen’s Letters: Mary Tudor Brandon and the Politics of Marriage in Sixteenth-Century Europe By Erin A. Sadlack

Wicked Women of Tudor England: Queens, Aristocrats, Commoners By Retha M. Warnicke

A Monarchy of Letters: Royal Correspondence and English Diplomacy in the Reign of Elizabeth I By Rayne Allinson

Three Medieval Queens: Queenship and the Crown in Fourteenth-Century England By Lisa Benz St. John

Mary I: Gender, Power, and Ceremony in the Reign of England’s First Queen By Sarah Duncan

The Last Plantagenet Consorts: Gender, Genre, and Historiography, 1440–1627 By Kavita Mudan Finn

Fairy Tale Queens: Representations of Early Modern Queenship By Jo Eldridge Carney

Mother Queens and Princely Sons: Rogue Madonnas in the Age of Shakespeare By Sid Ray

The Name of a Queen: William Fleetwood’s Itinerarium ad Windsor Edited by Charles Beem and Dennis Moore

The Emblematic Queen: Extra-Literary Representations of Early Modern Queenship Edited by Debra Barrett-Graves

Queenship in Medieval Europe By Theresa Earenfight

The Queens Regnant of Navarre: Succession, Politics, and Partnership, 1274–1512 By Elena Woodacre

THE QUEENS REGNANT OF NAVARRE SUCCESSION, POLITICS, AND PARTNERSHIP, 1274–1512

Elena Woodacre

THE QUEENS REGNANT OF NAVARRE Copyright © Elena Woodacre, 2013.

All rights reserved.

First published in 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.

Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world,this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.

Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companiesand has companies and representatives throughout the world.

Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Woodacre, Elena. The queens regnant of Navarre : succession, politics, and partnership,

1274–1512 / Elena Woodacre. pages cm.—(Queenship and power) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Queens—Spain—Navarre—Biography. 2. Spain—Politics and

government—To 1479. 3. Spain—Politics and government—1479–1516. 4. Navarre (Spain)—Kings and rulers—Biography. 5. Navarre (Spain)—Politics and government. I. Title.

DP302.N30W66 2013946�.520209252—dc23 2013017361

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.

Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.

First edition: August 2013

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-33914-0

ISBN 978-1-349-46431-9 ISBN 978-1-137-33915-7 (eBook)DOI 10.1057/9781137339157

To my long suffering family, Mike, Charlotte and William, who never hesitate to remind me at moments of stress, frustration, and despair that I am “living the dream.” Thank you for putting up with me and my obsession with these Navarrese queens.

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CONTENTS

List of Illustrations ix

Note on Language and Translations xi

Acknowledgments xiii

List of Abbreviations xv

1 Introduction: Geography and Gendered Rule 1

2 Juana I: The Vacant Throne 21

3 Juana II: The Queen Returns Home 51

4 Blanca I: The Peacemaker 77

5 Leonor: Civil War and Sibling Strife 109

6 Catalina I: Unequal to the Task? 131

7 Conclusions 165

Notes 173

Bibliography 233

Index 255

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ILLUSTRATIONS

Maps 1 French Territory held by the Queens of

Navarre and their Consorts xvii 2 The Kingdom of Navarre in the Late

Middle Ages xviii

Charts 1 Predecessors and Descendants of Juana I xix 2 Descendants of Juana II xx 3 Predecessors and Descendants of Blanca xx 4 Descendants of Leonor xxi 5 Descendants of Catalina xxii

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NOTE ON LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATIONS

All quotes are presented in the text in English and all trans-lations from their original language are my own, unless oth-erwise noted. It has not been practical in terms of space to

include all of the original language in the footnotes, except for key passages.

Generally although the queens of Navarre are often referred to in various forms of their given names (e.g., Juana I of Navarre is often referred to as “Jeanne de Navarre” or as Joan or Joanna in English), I have tried to consistently use their Spanish appellations. I have also retained Castillian forms for the names of Iberian monarchs; how-ever, I have Anglicized the names of French monarchs (e.g., using Philip instead of Philippe). With other names I have used the form that is most common or appropriate; for example, Juana II’s mother is referred to as Marguerite of Burgundy, not Margaret or Margarita, while for Catalina’s mother I have used Magdalena of France, not Madeleine, as Magdalena is the most common form of reference for her.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank several friends and colleagues who have offered their support and advice throughout the production of this manuscript, including my doctoral supervisors Dr. Roberta

(Bobby) Anderson and Dr. Alan Marshall; Dr. Zita Rohr, Dr. Colette Bowie, Dr. Linde Brocato, Dr. Bronach Kane, and Sean McGlynn for their helpful feedback on draft chapters, Dr. Carey Fleiner for her advice on medieval Latin chronicles and Dr. Mariah Proctor-Tiffany and Dr. Marguerite (Rita) Keane for their advice on queenly wills. I would also like to thank my editors, Professors Charles Beem and Carole Levin for their unflagging enthusiasm and support, which has made this whole project possible. Thanks to my colleagues at the University of Winchester, particularly Professor Michael Hicks, for giving me the incentive and encouragement to get the book done. Finally, my thanks to Chris Chappell, Sarah Whalen and all of the helpful staff at Palgrave Macmillan and Newgen for their patience with my queries and difficult maps and their assistance throughout the entire production process.

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ABBREVIATIONS

ACP Archivo Catedral de Pamplona ADP Archivo Diocesano de Pamplona ADPA Archives départementales des Pyrénées-

Atlantiques (formerly Archives des Basse Pyrénées)

AGN Archivo General de Navarra (Pamplona) AGS Archivo General de Simancas AHN Archivo Histórico Nacional Madrid AME Archivo Municipal de Estella (Navarra) AMO Archivo Municipal de Olite (Navarra) AMP Archivo Municipal de Pamplona AMT Archivo Municipal de Tafalla (Navarra) AMSCl Archivo del Monasterio de Santa Clara (Navarra) Caj. Cajón (Box) DME Osés Urricelqui, Merche, Documentación

medieval de Estella (siglos XII-XVI). Vol. Tomo I Colección Historia (Pamplona, 2005).

DMO Beroiz Lazcano, Marcelino, Documentación medieval de Olite (siglos XII-XIV) (Pamplona, 2009).

Favyn Favyn, Andre. Histoire de Navarre; contenant l’Origine, les Vies et conquests de ses Rois, depuis leur commencement jusques a present (Paris, 1612).

Histoire de Gaston IV Leseur, Guillaume. Histoire de Gaston IV, Comte de Foix (Chronique Française inédite du XVe siècle). 2 vols., ed. Henri Courteault. (Paris, 1893).

Moret (+vol.) Jose de Moret, Anales del Reino de Navarra , Vols. 5–7, (Tolosa, 1891).

Yanguas y Miranda Yanguas y Miranda, José. Inventario del Archivo del Reyno de Navarra. Tomo II. Seccion de Casamientos y muertes de Reyes, Succesion en la Corona, proclamaciones y juramentos Reales.

xvi Abbreviations

Copies of original documents made circa 1830. Unpublished, part of the collection at the AGN.

Zurita (+vol.) Zurita, Jerónimo . Anales de la Corona de Ara-gon . 9 vols., ed. Angel Canellas Lopez. (Zara-goza, 1980–90).

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Map 2 The Kingdom of Navarre in the Late Middle Ages.

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