Inquiry:WasItDestinyToMoveWest?SupportingQuestion3:Whatconflictsarosefromwestwardexpansion?SupportingQuestion3:Directions:

(1) Keepallpapersorganizedandbackinorderafteryouhavecompletedyourgraphicorganizer.

(2) Writeneatlyinyourgraphicorganizers.Useyourgraphicorganizerstohelpwriteyouressay.

(3) Answerthesupportingquestionincompletesentences.

(4) Workwithyourgrouptoproblemsolve,butraiseyourhandifyouneedhelp.

SourceA:TimelineofU.S.conflictswithNativeAmericans,1811–1842

1811–1813:Tecumseh’sWarwasaconflictbetweentheUnitedStatesandaNativeAmericanconfederacyledbyShawneechiefTecumsehandhisbrotherTenskwatawa(knownas“TheProphet)intheNorthwestTerritory.AmericantroopsledbyfuturepresidentWilliamHenryHarrisonattackedanddestroyedthenativesettlementatProphetstowninwhatisknownastheBattleofTippecanoe.Asaresult,theconfederationledbyTecumsehalliedwiththeBritishandCanadaduringtheWarof1812.1813–1814:TheCreekWar,alsoknownastheRedStickWar,wasaconflictamongdifferentfactionsoftheCreekNationandUSandEuropeanpowers.LedbyfuturepresidentAndrewJackson,UStroopsdefeatedafactionofCreekwarriors,whichledtothedisputedAugust8,1814,TreatyofFortJackson,wheretheCreekNationceded21,086,793acresinGeorgiaandAlabama.1817–1818:TheFirstSeminoleWarbeganafterGeneralAndrewJacksonledtroopsintothenSpanish-ownedFloridainanattempttorecapturerunawayslaves.Jacksonandhistroopsburnedandseizedtownsalongtheway.ThewarwasinstrumentalinSpain’sdecisiontocedeFloridatotheUnitedStatesin1819.1832:TheBlackHawkWaroccurredinnorthernIllinoisandsouthwesternWisconsin.TheSaukandFoxtribeswereledbyChiefBlackHawkinanattempttoretaketheirhomeland.NativeAmericangroupsinthearealostmillionsofacresoflandasaresult.1835–1842:IntheSecondSeminoleWar,theSeminolesunderChiefOsceolaresumedfightingfortheirlandinFlorida.Overmanyyears,theSeminolesdefendedtheirterritorybutwereultimatelydefeatedandlostmostoftheirland.WhilemostSeminoleswereforcedtomovewesttoIndianTerritory,asmallnumberremainedinFlorida,wheretheirancestorsstilllivetoday.

SourceB:MapofmilitaryactivitiesduringtheMexican-AmericanWar,1846–1848

TheMexican-AmericanWar,alsocalledGuerradeEstadosUnidosaMexico(“WaroftheUnitedStatesAgainstMexico”),wasawarbetweentheUnitedStatesandMexico(April1846–February1848)stemmingfromtheUnitedStates’annexationofTexasin1845andfromadisputeoverwhetherTexasendedattheNuecesRiver(Mexicanclaim)ortheRioGrande(U.S.claim).Thewar—inwhichU.S.forceswereconsistentlyvictorious—resultedintheUnitedStates’acquisitionofmorethan500,000squaremiles(1,300,000squarekm)ofMexicanterritoryextendingwestwardfromtheRioGrandetothePacificOcean.TheTreatyofGuadalupeHidalgo,signedonFebruary2,1848,endedtheMexican-AmericanWarinfavoroftheUnitedStates.Thetreatyaddedanadditional525,000squaremilestoUnitedStatesterritory,includingthelandthatmakesupallorpartsofpresent-dayArizona,California,Colorado,Nevada,NewMexico,UtahandWyoming.MexicoalsogaveupallclaimstoTexasandrecognizedtheRioGrandeasAmerica’ssouthernboundary.Source:EncyclopediaBritannica.

SourceC:JohnGastPainting,“AmericanProgress,”1872Thispaintingshows"ManifestDestiny"(thebeliefthattheUnitedStatesshouldexpandfromtheAtlantictothePacificOcean).In1872artistJohnGastpaintedapopularsceneofpeoplemovingwestthatcapturedtheviewofAmericansatthetime.Called"SpiritoftheFrontier"andwidelydistributedasanengravingportrayedsettlersmovingwest,guidedandprotectedbyColumbia(whorepresentsAmericaandisdressedinaRomantogatorepresentclassicalrepublicanism)andaidedbytechnology(railways,telegraph),drivingNativeAmericansandbisonintoobscurity.ItisalsoimportanttonotethatColumbiaisbringingthe"light"aswitnessedontheeasternsideofthepaintingasshetravelstowardsthe"darkened"west.Althoughthepaintingdoesnotconveyarealisticrepresentationofactualevents,itnonethelessexpressesapowerfulhistoricalideaaboutthemeaningofAmerica’swestwardexpansion.ThesimpleIndiantravoisprecedesthecoveredwagonandtheponyexpress,theoverlandstageandthethreerailroadlines.Thestaticpaintingthusconveysavividsenseofthepassageoftimeaswellasoftheinevitabilityoftechnologicalprogress.TheideaofprogresscomingfromtheEasttotheWest,andthenotionthatthefrontierwouldbedevelopedbysequentialwavesofpeoplewasdeeplyrootedinAmericanthought.