question and answers-4
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Planning Engineering,
2007
Questionnaire and Answers
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Questions:
What is free float ?
What is total float ?
What is an independent activity ?
What is a meeting activity ?
Why we define mandatory constraint ?
What will you do if out of sequence progress occurs inexecution of an activity ?
What is resource leveling and why do you apply limits to
resources ?
How do you create the budget ?
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Questions:
How do you prepare the tabular billing diagram ?
What is hammock activity ?
How do you enter cost completed and cost to date ?
How do you prepare the cost coding structure ?
What will you do if a loop occurs and how do you eliminate ?
How do you prepare payment certificate ?
How to import and export data on XL spread sheet ?
How do you separate billing diagram with internal budget
cost breakdown ?
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Questions:
What data you use to load the budget to activities ?
What do we mean by front loaded schedule and back loaded
schedule ?
What type of curve we choose to distribute the resources in
general ?
What is the difference between percent complete and
percent expended ?
How do you revise the budget ?
What is earned value ?
What is actual cost for work performed and where do you
enter the data ?
How do you compare the budget and actual spending for pay
items and what report you will execute ?
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Questions:
Whom do you interact for the preparation of the schedule and
what do you go through ?
How do you monitor procurement process ?
How do you evaluate the duration of the project ?
How do you schedule the external finishes (cladding or tiling)
in a multistoried IndustrialWarehouse or complex ?
How do you distribute overheads for a two year project or ingeneral ?
How do you convert cash into weighting distribution?
How do you separate direct and indirect cost?
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Answers:
The maximum duration by which an activity can be delayed
without affecting its immediate successor.
The maximum duration by which an activity can be delayed
without affecting the finish date of the project.
An activity type in which each resource assigned to the
activity works according to its own resource calendar.This is
most commonly used when several people are involved in an
activity but they work separately.
P3 schedules a meeting activity at a time when all the
resources assigned to it can work on it at once for entire
duration of activity. This is used when group of people must
work on an activity simultaneously.
A restriction we impose on an activity that sets its early andlate start dates equal to the specified date without affecting
the logic. So we select mandatory constraint.
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Answers:
Resource leveling reduces the resource conflicts and
minimizes the effect of resource overloads or demands and
makes use of positive float available by delaying some
activities. Select leveling then select resources to be leveled
and run to execute. In forward leveling some activities shift toa later date.
Minimum limit = minimum resources which we can arrange at
a time. Similarly maximum limit is the maximum number of
resources one can arrange from all sites. If we don¶t assign
limits it means that whatever the resource units a graph
displays we can arrange them by hook or crook.
Budget is dividing into 2 headings. Internal which is also
called as budget cost breakdown. Secondly, external budget
or billing which is for payment certificate or monthly progress
billing. In internal budget, the total cost is broken down into
equipment, labor, overheads, direct labor, in-direct labor +
expected profit. It is favorable for monitoring cash and
performance trends by comparing with the actual which are
traced from site.
Where as external or billing diagram is prepared for billing
purpose by multiplying the progress percentage in activity
budget.
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Answers:
Click tools ± tabular reports ± cost ± loading
Add a report, select resources as cash or all resources click
format ± organize by cash select monthly ± execute cost
loading report and prepare a monthly billing distribution.
An activity type which spans a group of activities for
summarizing purposes. It is done by selecting activity type as
hammock and linking the activity with predecessor as first
activity and successor as last activity with SS and FF
relationships.
By actualizing actual start or actual finish.
First click tools, options, summarization and select cost.
Then view ± activity form ± cost then actual cost to date or
this period.
By interacting with finance manager thereby creating costcode dictionary
in P3. Click data ± cost accounts and then enter all cost
codes.
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Answers:
Then view form, cost, select cost account where resource is
related to.
EG. Execution works
Resources are excavator, operator, soil or earth work.
Associate cost account 10101 and category EQPT
±E, for excavator similarly
operator ±L as manpower and soil ±M as material. And so
on.
To eliminate the loop, click tools, schedule, Schedule now
and execute the report. It will show where wrong relationship
is causing a loop.
EX. Activity 102 linked to 103 and 103 linked to 104 and 104
linked to again 102 forming a loop. Eliminate the wrong
relationship leading to 102 from 104. And run the schedule by
F9.
Filter the activities in p3 by selecting activities whose percent
comp. NE zero. Then execute it. Copy by highlighting the
filtered activities and paste it on .XL sheet then format it as
convenient for presentation.
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Answers:
Click ± tools, project utilities, export, add, give a name
Then name the file at the place of P3
Type as dbase III file then save
It will appear in Excel then save as in EX format by specifying
a name.
If we enter bill of quantities in our activity budget by allocating
resources it gives rise to billing diagram.
Similarly if we enter internal budget excluding profit it gives
rise to our estimated budget.
We load bill of quantities (BOQ) with cost for billing purpose.
And internal budget for internal cost monitoring.
If heavy billing is occurring at a latter stage of the project or
activities which have large amount associated with its
resources occur in the last stages of project is treated as
back-loaded schedule.Similarly if heavy billing is occurring in the initial stages of the
project schedule thereby allocating maximum resources is
regarded as front loaded schedule.
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Answers:
A bell shape curve or s-curve which will show smooth
distribution of resources across time.
Percent complete is the proportion of the resource
requirement of the activity that has been completed. If unspecified P3 calculates budgeted cost for work performed
x with schedule percent complete.
Whereas percent expended is a calculated value based on
actual cost to date and original budget cost. Or it is the
proportion of the cost budget that has been spent. Or it
differs from percent complete which represents the amount of
work accomplished rather than the proportion of the
resources expended.
Revision of budget is done at a time when there is a change
order initiated by client involving extra work for the existing
activity. It can be entered as a separate activity grouping with
change order activities apart of tender activity or by revisingthe budget quantity and cost in the original activity.
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Answers:
Earned value is also called budgeted cost for work performed
(BCWP).
It is also called ACWP. Or the cost actually incurred for the
work accomplished up to data date. The cost of the work is
independent of the value of work, or the planned cost.
Earned value ± minus BCW should be (+)ve
Earned value ± ACWP should be (+)ve if we are gaining
profit.
By executing graphical report and comparison with the target.
Firstly prepare a cost loading report from P3. Export it to XL.This distribution is based on budget. Actual shall be traced
from site and updated to P3 to execute the report.
Click tools, tabular reports, cost ± control ± then execute
detail roll up of cost report. Or tools, tabular reports, cost ±
earned value report.
We go through the drawings, specifications, contract, bill of
quantities, scope of works. Coordination with tendering
manager, direct or project manager is carried out.
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Answers:
Execute resource loading report in tabular form or format ±
organize ± organize by resource and enter the activities as
1. Material submittal
2. Material approval.
3. Placement of P.O.
4. Material fabrication .5. Material delivery.
6. Material QA/QC before installation.
These activities are to be sequentially linked to installation
activity. Then organize by material to give rise to procurement
schedule for monitoring.
By past experience or by stipulated period of contract or by
negotiation with managers.
We begin cladding tilling from top floor coming down to
ground floor for better alignment and workability.
By stretching a single activity bar spanning total length
of project and allocating all the indirect manpower and
expenses to it.
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Secondly by converting the last 1/3 span with reduced
overheads or indirect manpower namely all office stuff
QA/QC, managers, engineers, finance dept, HR dept.
Create custom data items as WEGT. % and earned value
EVWT. And select precision in a schedule which is costloaded. Then go to tools global change and add the following
items:
ThenWEGT. EG budget cost- BC/total cost of the project
EVWT = earned value or progress = EVWT EQ WEGT X
PCT
EVWT EQ EVWT / 100In both the operations run global change to execute the
conversion of cash into weighted PCT.
Separate the direct and indirect cost by assigning different
category as direct labor, indirect labor.
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Thank you very much for your attention.