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S2002 1 1 Environment 2 Distinguish between private and public limited companies. 1S2002 1 1 Environment 3 Explain the significance for companies of limited liability. 1S2003 1 1 Environment 2 Distinguish between secondary and tertiary levels of activity. 1S2003 1 1 Environment 3 Outline the benefits to a country of successful businesses. 1S2004 1 1 Environment 2 Define the term ‘sole trader’. 1S2004 1 1 Environment 3 Explain one disadvantage of being a sole trader. 1

S2006 1 1 EnvironmentOutline one difference between the public sector and private sector of an economy.[2] 1

S2006 1 1 Environment Explain one difference between private and public limited companies. [3] 1S2006 1 1 Environment Briefly distinguish between primary and secondary market research. [2] 1S2006 1 1 Environment Explain the importance of profit maximisation for a public limited company. [5] 1S2007 1 1 Environment Briefly outline the main features of a ‘public limited company’. [3] 1

W2002 1 1 Environment 10Analyse the advantages and disadvantages for a private limited company of convertingto a public limited company (plc). [10] 1

W2003 1 1 Environment Distinguish between the public sector and private sector of an economy. [2] 1

W2003 1 1 EnvironmentExplain why some goods and services are provided by the public sector in yourcountry. [3] 1

W2003 1 1 EnvironmentDiscuss why the owners of a private limited company might wish to convert it into apublic limited company. [12] 1

W2007 1 1 EnvironmentAnalyse the benefits which a private limited company might gain by becoming a publiclimited company. [8] 1

W2009 1 1 Environment [2] State two advantages of being a sole trader. 1

S2004 2 1 Environment(d) Examine whether Candy Shows Ltd. should become a public limited company if themanagement decides to arrange much larger events. [8] 1

S2007 2 1 Environment [3] (i) private limited company (line 1) 1S2007 2 1 Environment [3] (i) sole trader (line 1) 1S2008 2 1 Environment [3] (i) partnership (line 1) 1W2003 2 1 Environment (i) plc (public limited company) (line 1) [3] 1W2006 2 1 Environment [3] (i) sole trader (line 2) 1

S2002 1 1 Environment 20 Discuss how government policies may affect business decision making in your country. 2

S2005 1 1 Environment 20Discuss how businesses in your country might be influenced by governmentintervention. 2

S2006 1 1 EnvironmentAnalyse the benefits to your country’s economy from a multinational manufacturer ofcomputers locating a new factory there. [8] 2

S2009 1 1 EnvironmentExplain one advantage and one disadvantage a multi-national company might bring toa developing country. 2

W2001 1 1 Environment 5 Briefly explain how the Government assists businesses in your country. [5] 2

W2003 1 1 EnvironmentAnalyse the benefits to your country’s economy of a multinational manufacturer ofconsumer goods locating a factory there. [8] 2

W2004 1 1 Environment Define the term ‘free market economy’. [2] 2

W2004 1 1 Environment State three legal controls which affect the way in which businesses operate. [3] 2

S2003 2 1 Environment(b) Explain two possible reasons why the government has encouraged foreignbusinesses to locate in its country. [4] 2

S2004 2 1 Environment (ii) multinational (line 12). [3] 2S2004 2 1 Environment (b) Suggest why the Government supported Lasting Memories. [6] 2S2007 2 1 Environment [3] (i) multinational (line 3). 2S2008 2 1 Environment [3] (i) multinational (line 9) 2S2008 2 1 Environment [8] Analyse how the Government might influence the activities of GC. 2

W2009 2 1 Environment[10]If PF decide to use the boat for tourists, evaluate the impact the government mighthave on PF (apart from interest rates). 2

S2005 1 1 Environment 8 Explain how the objectives of a business may change as it grows. 3

S2009 1 1 Environment [8] Discuss the problems a new business might experience in its first year of trading. 3

W2002 1 1 Environment 3 Briefly explain why it might be difficult to compare the size of different businesses. [3] 3W2002 1 1 Environment 2 State two different methods of measuring the size of a business. [2] 3

W2004 1 1 Environment State two different ways in which the size of a business might be measured. [2] 3

W2005 1 1 Environment(a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of being a small business in foodretailing. [8] 3

W2005 1 1 Environment(b) Discuss whether the government should support small businesses in your country.[12] 3

W2008 1 1 Environment State two ways of measuring the size of a business. [2] 3

S2002 2 1 Environment(d) Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of businesses such as The EatingShop continuing to grow in size. [10] 3

W2004 2 1 Environment(d) Examine the problems that Baljir might experience from expanding the business.[10] 3

S2008 1 1 Environment State two objectives a business might set in the short run. [2] 4S2008 1 1 Environment Briefly explain the importance to a business of setting objectives. [3] 4S2009 1 1 Environment Define the term ‘corporate culture’. 4S2009 1 1 Environment Briefly explain one factor that determines the culture of a business. 4

W2002 1 1 Environment 10Discuss why public limited companies find it difficult to satisfy the interests of bothshareholders and other stakeholders in the business. [10] 4

W2007 1 1 EnvironmentDiscuss how different stakeholder groups might view the decision to change fromprivate limited company to a public limited company. [12] 4

W2008 1 1 EnvironmentBriefly explain why growth may not be the most important objective for a business. [3]

4

W2009 1 1 EnvironmentBriefly explain two objectives a small business might have, other than profitmaximisation. [3] 4

S2009 2 1 Environment business objective (line 3) [3] 4W2004 2 1 Environment (c) Discuss the likely objectives of the stakeholders in Baljir’s business. [8] 4W2008 2 1 Environment [3] (i) Stakeholders (line 7), 4

W2009 2 1 Environment[10]Evaluate how stakeholders in the farm, other than Joe, might react to the proposedcontract with Wind4U. 4

S2004 1 1 Environment 20Discuss how a government’s macro-economic policies might affect the ability ofbusinesses to achieve their objectives. 5

S2004 1 1 Environment 10 To what extent should ethical issues influence business objectives? [10] 5S2008 1 1 Environment Explain how a business might be affected by political and legal constraints. [8] 5

S2008 1 1 EnvironmentDiscuss how the objectives of a manufacturing business might be affected by ethicalissues. [12] 5

W2002 1 1 Environment 5 Outline how, in your country, legal constraints might limit business activity. [5] 5

W2004 1 1 Environment Discuss how technological change might affect businesses in your country. [20] 5W2005 1 1 Environment Explain how a manufacturing business might be affected by ethical issues. [5] 5

W2009 1 1 EnvironmentDiscuss how the Internet presents opportunities and threats for businesses in yourcountry. [20] 5

S2003 2 1 Environment (ii) fiscal policy (line 7). [3] 5

S2008 2 1 Environment [4]Identify information that EFWP needs to collect before it can make a decision aboutthe expansion. 5

W2002 2 1 Environment (ii) Interest rates (line 23) [3] 5W2002 2 1 Environment (d) Evaluate the impact on the Travelstop Hotel of a rise in interest rates. [10] 5

W2003 2 1 Environment(d) Evaluate the impact of new technology on any two stakeholder groups of Roundplc. [10] 5

W2003 2 1 Environment (ii) Legal constraints (line 5) [3] 5

W2005 2 1 Environment(d) Outline briefly how a rise in the country’s exchange rates might affect the SunHotel. [4] 5

W2008 2 1 Environment [6] Briefly analyse the factors that might limit the success of PC. 5W2008 2 1 Environment[10]Discuss the implications for CC of its ethical approach to business activities. 5W2009 2 1 Environment [3] (i) export market (line 2) 5

W2009 2 1 Environment [4]Explain how exchange rates might influence Joe’s decision whether to acceptWind4U’s contract. 5

W2009 2 1 Environment [4]Explain how changes in interest rates might influence the decision whether to invest inthe boat conversion. 5

S2003 1 2 Marketing 2 Define the term ‘added value’. 7S2003 1 2 Marketing 3 Explain why it might be desirable for a firm to have high added-value products. 7

S2005 1 2 Marketing 8 Analyse how a soft drinks manufacturer might segment the market for its products. 7

S2007 1 2 Marketing 12 Discuss how a clothes retailer might segment the market for its goods. [12] 7W2001 1 2 Marketing 2 What is meant by the term ‘market segmentation’? [2] 7W2001 1 2 Marketing 3 Why might a business segment the market for its products? [3] 7W2002 1 2 Marketing 2 Explain why successful businesses are usually market-orientated. [2] 7W2003 1 2 Marketing 5 Outline how the market for soft drinks might be segmented in your country. [5] 7W2004 1 2 Marketing 3 Briefly distinguish between niche and mass marketing. [3] 7W2005 1 2 Marketing 2 (a) State two reasons why the market for a product might reduce in size. [2] 7W2005 1 2 Marketing (b) Distinguish between market size and market share. [3] 7W2005 1 2 Marketing (a) State two ways in which a business may achieve added value. [2] 7W2005 1 2 Marketing (b) Why is added value important for businesses? [3] 7

W2006 1 2 MarketingExplain the importance of a market-orientated approach for a business in theconsumer goods market. [8] 7

W2009 1 2 Marketing [2] Define the term ‘market segmentation’. 7W2009 1 2 Marketing [3] Briefly explain two methods of market segmentation. 7S2003 2 2 Marketing (i) Calculate the forecasted market share of The Furniture Maker for 2003. [2] 7

S2003 2 2 Marketing(ii) Discuss the possible reaction of TFM’s management team to an increase in thelevel of competition. [10] 7

W2001 2 2 Marketing (ii) Mass marketing (lines 16–17). [3] 7W2002 2 2 Marketing (i) Niche market (line 6) [3] 7W2003 2 2 Marketing (ii) market share (line 2) [3] 7W2008 2 2 Marketing [3] (i) Mass marketing (lines 26–27) 7W2009 2 2 Marketing [3] (i) niche market (line 1) 7W2009 2 2 Marketing [3] (i) market segmentation (line 2) 7

S2002 1 2 Marketing 10Why might firms choose to undertake both primary and secondary market researchbefore entering a new market? 8

S2005 1 2 Marketing 12Discuss the most suitable methods of market research for a new product beingdeveloped by a soft drinks manufacturer. 8

S2006 1 2 Marketing Explain why a business might use quota sampling in market research. [3] 8

S2009 1 2 Marketing [12]Explain how market research might be used to reduce some of the problems faced bya new start-up business. 8

W2009 1 2 Marketing [12]A manufacturer of soft drinks wants information about customer needs andpreferences. Discuss how this information might be collected. 8

S2005 2 2 Marketing (i) secondary market research (line 5) [3] 8

S2005 2 2 Marketing(ii) Outline additional market information Our News Ltd would find useful beforetaking the decision to produce the monthly magazine. [4] 8

S2007 2 2 Marketing [10]Discuss the marketing and other factors that Tariq should consider before decidingwhether to sell components on the Internet. 8

S2009 2 2 Marketing market research (line 10). [3] 8

W2001 2 2 Marketing(c) Examine the methods Joe could use to research the market for his garden designservice.[8] 8

W2001 2 2 Marketing

(d) Assuming that the market research results are positive, would you advise Joe to goahead with the expansion plan into garden design? Give reasons for your answer usingall of the evidence in the case. [10] 8

W2003 2 2 Marketing(b) (i) Outline a suitable method of sampling for TAC. [3] (ii) Explain whether secondarydata might be useful to TAC in researching the market. [3] 8

W2006 2 2 Marketing [10]Discuss methods of market research that Farad might use to help him to decidewhether to open the shop. 8

W2008 2 2 Marketing [3] (i) Market research (line 20). 8W2009 2 2 Marketing [6] Briefly examine how Joe might research the market for the Visitor Centre. 8

S2002 1 2 Marketing 10Discuss how knowledge of the product life cycle is important for a business in decidingon its marketing strategy. 9

S2003 1 2 Marketing 8 How might pricing decisions be influenced by knowledge of the Product Life Cycle? 9

S2004 1 2 Marketing 8Why might an understanding of the product life cycle be important for businessfinance managers? 9

S2007 1 2 MarketingOutline the main determinants of demand for consumer goods in your country. [8]

9

S2008 1 2 MarketingExplain how the product life cycle might be used by the finance manager of a business.[8] 9

W2001 1 2 Marketing 20 Evaluate the importance of packaging to the successful launch of a new product. [20] 9

W2002 1 2 Marketing 3Why is it important for a marketing manager to understand the concept of theproduct life cycle? [3] 9

W2002 1 2 Marketing 10This business has decided to sell a new small car in your country. Discuss anappropriate marketing mix for this product. [10] 9

W2006 1 2 Marketing Define the term “product portfolio”. [2] 9

W2006 1 2 MarketingBriefly explain the importance of the product life cycle in planning a product portfolio.[3] 9

W2009 1 2 MarketingDiscuss the importance of the ‘marketing mix’ in achieving the objectives of abusiness. [12] 9

W2009 1 2 Marketing [8]Explain the factors that might influence the promotion decisions of a car manufactureras it launches a new model. 9

S2005 2 2 Marketing(c) Analyse the marketing factors that MPP should consider when launching the newproduct. [8] 9

S2005 2 2 Marketing(d) Evaluate the decision of Our News Ltd to replace the daily newspaper with themonthly magazine. [10] 9

S2007 2 2 Marketing [6]How does your answer to (b)(i) and other information in Table 1 support Tariq’s ideaof focusing more on the sale of components? 9

S2008 2 2 Marketing [10]Discuss the factors that would influence GC’s choice of a marketing mix. 9

W2001 2 2 Marketing(d) Discuss and recommend a marketing mix that a soft-drink manufacturer could useto increase sales profitably in your own country. [10] 9

W2002 2 2 Marketing (d) Evaluate The Soup Makers’ decision to stop production of Product Y. [10] 9

W2004 2 2 Marketing(d) Assuming Riteon decides to enter the fashion market, evaluate a possiblemarketing strategy the company could use. [10] 9

W2005 2 2 Marketing(c) Analyse the factors that Sophia should take into account in deciding whether tostop selling travel books and to stock more University books. [8] 9

W2005 2 2 Marketing(d) Using Table 1, evaluate the usefulness of the Product Life Cycle to Sophia whendeciding on the future product mix of her business. [10] 9

W2006 2 2 Marketing [10](c) Recommend changes to the current marketing mix that might be needed for therestaurant at the international airport. Justify your answer. 9

W2008 2 2 Marketing [10]Advise Ling on the factors that she will need to consider in recommending a marketingmix for PC. 9

S2003 1 2 Marketing 12Evaluate two different pricing strategies which a consumer goods manufacturer mightadopt. 10

S2004 1 2 Marketing 2 Explain one determinant of demand for a product other than price. 10S2004 1 2 Marketing 3 Define the term ‘price elasticity of demand’. 10

S2009 1 2 MarketingState the main difference between a skimming pricing strategy and a penetrationpricing strategy. 10

S2009 1 2 Marketing Briefly explain why a business might choose to use a skimming pricing strategy. 10W2004 1 2 Marketing Examine the factors which determine how businesses price their products. [8] 10

W2004 1 2 MarketingDiscuss how other elements of the marketing mix might be affected by a business’pricing decisions. [12] 10

W2006 1 2 MarketingEvaluate the pricing strategies a business might use when launching a new product.[12] 10

W2007 1 2 Marketing 2Other than price, outline one factor which could cause an increase in the demand formobile phones. [2] 10

W2007 1 2 Marketing 3A business sells a product whose demand is relatively price inelastic. Explain the effecton sales and revenue of a price increase. [3] 10

W2009 1 2 Marketing [2] Define ‘price elasticity of demand’. 10

W2009 1 2 Marketing [3]Suppose a product has relatively price inelastic demand. Explain the effect on salesand revenue of an increase in the price of this product. 10

S2002 2 2 Marketing (i) Penetration price strategy (lines 2–3) [3] 10

S2002 2 2 Marketing(i) Using the data in the case study, calculate the price elasticity of demand for tile X.[3] 10

S2002 2 2 Marketing(d) Assume the business decides to lower its prices for all its products. Evaluate otherchanges to the marketing mix that The Smart Tile Company might need to adopt. [10] 10

S2003 2 2 Marketing(ii) Calculate the price elasticity of demand, following the price decrease from $20 to$18. [3](iii) Comment briefly on your answer to (b)(ii). [2] 10

S2009 2 2 Marketing price inelastic (line 12). [3] 10

S2009 2 2 MarketingAnalyse the factors that CA would need to consider in setting a price for theirbusinesscustomers. [8] 10

W2002 2 2 Marketing (i) Expected demand (line 12) [3] 10

W2005 2 2 Marketing(b) (i) Calculate the price elasticity of demand for travel books between 2002 and2004. [4] (ii) Briefly explain the significance of your result for (i). [2] 10

W2006 2 2 Marketing [3](i) Using data from the case calculate the price elasticity of demand for Farad’s sales ofpetrol. 10

W2008 2 2 MarketingIf sales in month 4 are $800, calculate the closing balance in Table 1 for that month.[2] 10

W2008 2 2 Marketing [2] Using Table 4, calculate the price elasticity of demand for CC’s main product. 10

W2008 2 2 Marketing [4]

The price elasticity of demand for their main competitor is 1.2. How might CC use thisinformation on elasticity and your answer in (b)(i) when deciding on their marketingmix? 10

W2009 2 2 Marketing [3] (i) market price (line 4) 10

S2004 1 2 Marketing 12Discuss how and why promotional activity might change at different stages of aproduct’s life cycle. 11

S2006 1 2 Marketing 12Discuss how a computer manufacturer might choose between different channels ofdistribution in a new export market. [12] 11

S2008 1 2 Marketing 12Discuss how and why promotional activity might change at different stages of aproduct’s life cycle. [12] 11

W2003 1 2 Marketing 12Discuss how an exporter of consumer goods might choose between different channelsof distribution in a new overseas market. [12] 11

S2004 2 2 Marketing(d) Examine the marketing difficulties that Ahmed and Beatrice might have if theyexpand into export markets. [10] 11

W2001 2 2 Marketing (i) Sales promotion (line 4) [3] 11W2005 2 2 Marketing (ii) wholesaler (line 13). [3] 11W2006 2 2 Marketing [3] (ii) Comment on your answer to (b)(i).

S2007 1 3 People 12Discuss the extent to which the hotel manager might improve workers’ motivation byre-designing their jobs. [12] 13

S2009 1 3 People [20]Discuss the usefulness to managers of any two motivation theories when trying toimprove worker motivation. 13

W2001 1 3 People 12 How useful might the results of work study be in motivating workers? [12] 13

W2002 1 3 People 20With reference to theorists on motivation, discuss to what extent people at work aremotivated by financial reward. [20] 13

W2003 1 3 People 20 Discuss the importance of delegation for effective management. [20] 13W2004 1 3 People 12 Discuss the importance for a business of effective communication. [12] 13W2004 1 3 People 8 How might a business overcome barriers to effective communication? [8] 13

W2007 1 3 People 20Discuss the extent to which financial rewards are a good way of motivating employees.[20] 13

W2009 1 3 PeopleDiscuss how an HRM manager might improve poor levels of motivation in a largesupermarket.[12] 13

S2003 2 3 People (d) Discuss the possible reaction of the sales team to the new incentive scheme. [10] 13S2005 2 3 People (i) non-financial motivators (line 9) [3] 13

S2005 2 3 People(d) Discuss whether MPP should introduce the same working conditions and benefitsin all of its factories. [10] 13

S2008 2 3 People [8]Discuss how EFWP could reduce the need ‘to keep on recruiting seasonal workers’(line 11). 13

W2005 2 3 People(c) Would you advise Padman to change to a salary only based pay system at the SunHotel? Justify your answer. [10] 13

S2003 1 3 People 8 Outline the qualities of a good leader in a business context. 15

S2003 1 3 People 12 Discuss the appropriateness of any two styles of leadership that managers might use. 15

S2004 1 3 People 6 Explain the main differences between autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles. 15S2004 1 3 People 14 Discuss the likely effectiveness of a democratic style of leadership. 15S2006 1 3 People Discuss the importance of good leadership for a successful business. [20] 15

S2008 1 3 People 20 Discuss the qualities required by effective business leaders. [20] 15

W2008 1 3 People 8

Management has been described as getting things done through people. Given thisdescription, explain the importance of management for a large business organisation.[8] 15

W2008 1 3 People 12Discuss the view that a manager will be more effective by adopting a democraticrather than an autocratic leadership style. [12] 15

W2009 1 3 People [20]Discuss the importance of good management for a successful business. 15

S2002 2 3 People (b) Explain the possible disadvantages of the leadership style adopted by Kevin. [6] 15

W2001 2 3 People(b) Explain two management functions that Joe would have to perform if he expandedthe business. [6] 15

W2006 2 3 People [3] (i) democratic leadership style (line 7). 15W2006 2 3 People [3] (i) manager (line 13). 15S2002 1 3 People 2 Define the term “span of control”. 16S2002 1 3 People 3 Explain the advantages of a broad “span of control”. 16S2005 1 3 People 2 Define span of control. 16

S2005 1 3 People 3Briefly explain why some people might prefer to work for a business with wide spansof control. 16

W2006 1 3 People 2 Define the term “levels of hierarchy”. [2] 16W2006 1 3 People 3 Briefly explain the advantages of a matrix organisational structure. [3] 16

W2006 1 3 People 20Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of delegation for an expanding business.[20] 16

W2007 1 3 People 3Explain one reason why an organisation chart would be useful to the employees in abusiness. [3] 16

W2007 1 3 People 2 Define the term ‘span of control’. [2] 16W2008 1 3 People 2 Define the term ‘hierarchy’ as used in formal organisational structures. [2] 16W2008 1 3 People 3 Briefly explain two advantages of hierarchical organisations. [3] 16W2009 1 3 People [2] Define the term ‘chain of command’. 16W2009 1 3 People [3] Briefly explain the main advantages of a matrix organisational structure. 16W2004 2 3 People (ii) organisational structure (line 7). [ 16W2005 2 3 People (i) delegation (line 11) [3] 16

S2002 1 3 People 12Discuss the human relations problems which the manufacturer might face if it changedfrom batch to flow production. 18

S2003 1 3 People 5 Outline the functions of a trades union. 18S2005 1 3 People 12 Discuss the importance to a growing business of human resource planning. 18S2006 1 3 People Define the term ‘redundancy’. [2] 18S2006 1 3 People Briefly explain the role of human resource management. [3] 18

S2007 1 3 People 8Outline the main factors which a manager of a large hotel might consider whencarrying out manpower planning. [8] 18

W2001 1 3 People 8 Outline the process of work study. [8] 18W2004 1 3 People 2 Define the term ‘work study’. [2] 18W2004 1 3 People 3 Explain one way of using the results of work study to improve productivity. [3] 18W2005 1 3 People 2 (a) Define work study. [2] 18

W2005 1 3 People 3 (b) Give three ways in which businesses might use the results of work study. [3] 18

W2005 1 3 People 20To what extent is it important for a business to have a Human Resources Manager?[20] 18

W2008 1 3 People 8Information is collected by the Human Resources Department (Personnel). Explainhow a business might use this information. [8] 18

W2009 1 3 People [8]Explain why a Human Resources Manager (HRM) should have a good knowledge ofmotivation theory. 18

S2005 2 3 People (ii) human resource management (line 14) [3] 18

S2005 2 3 People(c) Analyse how Lucky might manage the human resource problems that could resultfrom changing from a daily newspaper to a monthly magazine. [8] 18

S2009 2 3 PeopleDiscuss the human resource management (HRM) issues that would arise if CA didswitch from low cost flights to business flights. [10] 18

W2003 2 3 Peopled) Discuss the importance of Human Resource Management for the success of thenew factory. [10] 18

W2006 2 3 People [8]Analyse the human resource management issues that Farad should consider if hedecides to convert the car repair building into a shop. 18

W2008 2 3 People [8]Analyse the Human Resource Management issues for CC if the planned internationalexpansion takes place. 18

S2002 1 4 Operations 8 Why might a manufacturer change from batch to flow production? 20S2003 1 4 Operations 2 Define the term ‘added value’. 20S2003 1 4 Operations 3 Explain why it might be desirable for a firm to have high added-value products. 20

W2002 1 4 Operations 10Examine factors which a multi-national car manufacturer might consider whendeciding where to locate a new overseas factory. [10] 20

W2006 1 4 Operations 8 Explain the difference between batch and flow production methods. [8] 20

S2003 2 4 Operations(c) Analyse the factors that the multi-national business might have considered whendeciding to locate near to The Furniture Maker. [8] 20

S2003 2 4 Operations (ii) productivity (line 16). [3] 20S2004 2 4 Operations (i) job production (line 5) [3] 20

S2004 2 4 Operations (c) Discuss whether Lasting Memories should change from job to batch production. [8] 20

S2007 2 4 Operations [10]Discuss the impact on BM and its workers of a change from batch to flow production. 20W2001 2 4 Operations (ii) Batch production (line 15). [3] 20

W2001 2 4 Operations(c) Examine the factors the business should consider before changing to a method offlow production. [6] 20

W2006 2 4 Operations (i) flow production (line 9) [3] 20

W2009 2 4 Operations [10]Recommend which site (Southwood or Westfield) would be best for the relocation ofMQ’s factory. Justify your choice. 20

W2009 2 4 Operations [10]Recommend which site (Eastwood or Northfield) would be best for the relocation ofPQ’s factory. Justify your choice. 20

S2002 1 4 Operations 2 Why is break-even analysis a useful tool for managers? 21

S2002 1 4 Operations 3By use of a diagram, show how break-even quantity is established by graphicalmethod. Label the axes and lines. 21

S2005 1 4 Operations 2 With an appropriate example, explain what is meant by variable costs. 21

S2005 1 4 Operations 3Explain why it is sometimes difficult to separate costs into variable costs and fixedcosts. 21

S2007 1 4 OperationsBriefly explain two ways in which a manufacturer of tinned foods might find break-even analysis useful. [5] 21

W2008 1 4 Operations 20Discuss how, and to what extent, break-even analysis might be used as an aid todecision making in a large manufacturing business. [20] 21

S2003 2 4 Operations (i) fixed costs (line 9) [3] 21

S2003 2 4 Operations (i) Calculate break-even output, if the new payment system were to be introduced. [3] 21S2009 2 4 Operations Calculate the number of books that Jane needs to sell to break even. [2] 21S2009 2 4 Operations What would be the profit if Jane were to sell 10 000 books? [2] 21

W2002 2 4 Operations

(c) (i) Calculate the number of rooms Travelstop must sell per month in order to break-even. [2] (ii) Calculate the expected profit for November assuming the booking for JDJplc is accepted. [3] (iii) Using your answers to (i) and (ii) and any other information,advise Paul Ho whether to accept the order from JDJ plc. [5] 21

W2004 2 4 Operations (ii) direct costs (line 7). [3] 21W2005 2 4 Operations (i) contribution (line 8) [3] 21W2006 2 4 Operations (ii) variable cost (line 22). [3] 21W2003 1 4 Operations Define diseconomies of scale. [2] 22

W2003 1 4 OperationsExplain two different types of economies of scale from which a large retailer mightbenefit. [3] 22

W2007 1 4 Operations 5Briefly explain the importance of economies of scale to a manufacturer of cars. [5]

22

W2009 1 4 Operations [5]Briefly explain the possible causes of diseconomies of scale in a manufacturingcompany. 22

S2002 2 4 Operations(ii) The production capacity of tile X is 12,500 tiles per month. Calculate the expectedlevel of capacity utilisation, following the reduction in price. [3] 22

S2003 2 4 Operations (i) economies of scale (line 2) [3] 22S2004 2 4 Operations (i) economies of scale (line 10) [3] 22S2008 2 4 Operations [3] (i) economies of scale (line 22). 22W2002 2 4 Operations (ii) Work study (line 13) [3] 22

W2003 2 4 Operations (i) Capacity utilisation (line 3) [3] 22W2004 2 4 Operations (i) capacity utilisation (line 7) [3] 22S2003 1 4 Operations 20 Discuss the importance of effective stock management for a manufacturer. 23S2005 1 4 Operations 5 Outline the benefits of lean production for a manufacturer of electronic goods. 23

S2006 1 4 OperationsDiscuss the problems which the car manufacturer might experience in introducingnew technology into one of its factories. [12 23

S2009 1 4 Operations [8] Explain why effective stock control is important for a large retail business. 23

S2009 1 4 Operations [12]Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a JIT (just-in-time) approach tostock control for a large retail business. 23

W2006 1 4 OperationsBriefly discuss the importance of effective stock control for production managers. [5]

23

W2007 1 4 Operations 8Explain how JIT (Just in Time) could be used to manage stocks in a manufacturingbusiness. [8] 23

W2007 1 4 Operations 12 Discuss why businesses need an effective method of stock management. [12] 23W2009 1 4 Operations [5] Explain the key features of lean production. 23S2002 2 4 Operations (ii) Lean production (line 13). [3] 23S2002 2 4 Operations (c) Analyse the possible impact on the business of lowering stock levels. [8] 23

S2007 2 4 Operations [6]Using the information in Table 2, explain one method of stock control that TN coulduse to improve its management of stock. 23

S2008 2 4 Operations [6] Describe how lean production techniques might be used at GC. 23

W2003 2 4 Operations(c) Analyse the factors that JPB might have considered when deciding to operate a Just-In-Time production system. [6] 23

W2009 2 4 Operations [8] Analyse the possible usefulness of JIT (Just In Time) to MQ. 23W2009 2 4 Operations [3] just-in-time (JIT) (line 4). 23

S2004 1 4 Operations 5 Outline two ways in which a manufacturer might control the quality of its products. 24S2008 1 4 Operations Define the term ‘quality control’. [2] 24

S2008 1 4 OperationsDescribe two ways in which a manufacturing company might control the quality of itsproducts. [3] 24

W2001 1 4 Operations 2 State two reasons why a business should ensure the quality of its products. [2] 24W2001 1 4 Operations 3 Outline one way a business might ensure the high quality of its products. [3] 24S2005 2 4 Operations (ii) quality control (line 19). [3] 24W2002 2 4 Operations (c) Analyse the importance of quality control for The Soup Makers. [8] 24W2006 2 4 Operations [8] (c) Discuss how Zed could improve quality in ER’s restaurants. 24W2008 2 4 Operations [3] (i) Quality control (line 15). 24W2009 2 4 Operations [3] (i) quality (line 3). 24

W2009 2 4 Operations [8] Using Table 2, analyse the possible usefulness to PQ of improved quality control. 24S2003 1 5 Finance 2 Distinguish between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. 25

S2003 1 5 Finance 3Briefly explain why different sources of finance might be needed for revenueexpenditure and capital expenditure. 25

S2004 1 5 Finance 3 Briefly distinguish between internal and external sources of finance. 25

S2006 1 5 FinanceExamine the different sources of finance which a car manufacturer might use in orderto fund investment in new technology. [8] 25

S2007 1 5 FinanceDiscuss the suitability of the various sources of finance a large business might usewhen replacing old machinery. [20] 25

S2008 1 5 Finance Define the term ‘working capital’. [2] 25S2008 1 5 Finance Describe one method a business might use to manage its working capital. [3] 25

S2009 1 5 FinanceDescribe two external sources of finance that might be used to fund the capitalexpenditure of a business. 25

S2009 1 5 Finance Define ‘capital expenditure’. 25W2001 1 5 Finance 2 Distinguish between ‘revenue expenditure’ and ‘capital expenditure’. [2] 25

W2004 1 5 Finance 5 Briefly explain the importance for a manufacturer of managing working capital. [5] 25

W2007 1 5 FinanceState two sources of finance which could be used to finance revenue expenditure. [2]

25W2007 1 5 Finance Explain the term ‘capital expenditure’. [3] 25S2004 2 5 Finance (ii) capital expenditure (line 10). [3] 25

S2007 2 5 Finance [8]With reference to Table 2 discuss possible internal sources of finance for BM’sproposed expansion. 25

S2008 2 5 Finance [3] (i) internal sources of finance (line 17). 25S2009 2 5 Finance Briefly analyse possible sources of finance that Jane might use. [6] 25W2005 2 5 Finance (ii) working capital (line 15). [3] 25

W2008 2 5 Finance [2]State two reasons why the directors of PC might have difficulty raising the $200 cashshortfall needed in month 2. 25

W2009 2 5 Finance [6] Briefly examine sources of finance that might be useful to PF. 25W2001 2 6 Accounting (b) (i) Calculate, for both years, the gross profit margin of the business. [3] 28

S2002 1 6 Accounting 2 Briefly explain the difference between a Balance Sheet and a Profit and Loss Account. 27

S2002 1 6 Accounting 3What additional information does the Cash Flow Statement give about the financialposition of a business? 27

S2004 1 6 Accounting 2 Briefly explain the purpose of the Cash Flow Statement in company accounts. 27

S2008 1 6 AccountingExplain how two different stakeholder groups might use the published accounts of abusiness. [5] 27

W2001 1 6 Accounting 3 Briefly explain why a business should depreciate its fixed assets. [3] 27

W2001 1 6 Accounting 12How might the main stakeholder groups of a business use the information containedin the published accounts? [12] 27

W2001 1 6 Accounting 8Discuss the limitations of published accounts as a source of information forstakeholder groups. [8] 27

W2002 1 6 Accounting 2 Why do businesses depreciate fixed assets? [2] 27W2003 1 6 Accounting 8 Outline the main contents of published company accounts. [8] 27

W2005 1 6 Accounting 8 (a) Explain the purposes of a company’s Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Account. [8] 27

W2005 1 6 Accounting 12(b) Discuss the usefulness of published company accounts to both managers andshareholders. [12] 27

W2006 1 6 Accounting Distinguish between assets and liabilities in a balance sheet. [2] 27W2006 1 6 Accounting Briefly explain why businesses depreciate their fixed assets. [3] 27W2008 1 6 Accounting Define the term ‘retained profits’. [2] 27W2008 1 6 Accounting Briefly explain the purpose of a Balance Sheet for a business. [3] 27W2009 1 6 Accounting [8] Explain the purposes of a company’s Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Account. 27W2009 1 6 Accounting [12]Discuss the usefulness of these accounts for managers and shareholders. 27

S2004 2 6 Accounting(i) Using information from the text and Table 1, calculate the forecast profit for a largeevent. [5] (ii) Comment on your result. [3] 27

S2007 2 6 Accounting [3]Calculate the annual depreciation on the new equipment using the straight-linemethod. 27

S2007 2 6 Accounting [3] Briefly explain how depreciation affects BM’s accounts. 27S2009 2 6 Accounting Briefly comment on your answer to (b)(i). [3] 27W2001 2 6 Accounting (i) Gross Profit (line 6) [3] 27

W2003 2 6 Accounting

(b) (i) Using the straight-line method, calculate the annual depreciation of the newmachine. [2] (ii) Explain the effect of this depreciation on Round plc’s balance sheet.[2] (iii) Calculate the average rate of return (ARR) of the investment in the newmachine. Briefly explain what your result means. [4] 27

W2006 2 6 Accounting [3] (i) sales revenue (line 6) 27W2006 2 6 Accounting Using the figures from Table 1, calculate the Gross profit margin in Table 2: 27

W2006 2 6 AccountingUsing your answer to (b)(i) and other information, comment on trends in ER’s profits.[4] 27

W2008 2 6 Accounting [4] Explain the difference between cash and profit. 27W2009 2 6 Accounting [3] (i) net profit (line 3). 27W2009 2 6 Accounting [3] (i) retained profit (lines 4–5). 27S2004 1 6 Accounting 12 Evaluate the methods a business might use to improve its liquidity. [12] 28S2005 1 6 Accounting 2 Explain liquidity. 28S2005 1 6 Accounting 3 Explain one way in which a business might improve its liquidity. 28

S2007 1 6 AccountingState the formula for an accounting ratio that might be used to measure theprofitability of a business. [2] 28

S2007 1 6 Accounting Explain two factors that might affect the profitability of a business. [3] 28S2002 2 6 Accounting (i) Return on capital (line 3) [3] 28

S2005 2 6 Accounting

(i) Calculate the forecast net profit for 2006 if the new product is introduced. [2](ii)Calculate the net profit margin after the new product is introduced. [2](iii) How mightJohn use the result in (ii)? [2] 28

S2005 2 6 Accounting(b) (i) Calculate the percentage (%) change in total revenue of monthly magazinesfrom 2002 to 2004. [2] 28

S2009 2 6 Accounting profit margin (line 2) [3] 28

S2009 2 6 AccountingCalculate the price that CA would have to charge business customers to achieve thesame operating profit per flight as for low cost flights. [3] 28

W2001 2 6 Accounting(ii) Explain how a reduction in prices might have led to an increase in sales revenue yetlower profits. [5] 28

W2003 2 6 Accounting

(c) (i) Calculate the return on capital employed for 2002. [2] (ii) Using your answer to(c)(i) and other data, analyse the performance of the business between 1999 and2002. [6] 28

W2004 2 6 Accounting (i) profit margin (line 6) [3] 28

W2004 2 6 Accounting(b) (i) Capital employed is $40 million for both years. Calculate the return on capitalemployed for both 2002 and 2003. [3] (ii) Briefly comment on your results. [3] 28

W2005 2 6 Accounting

(b) (i) Calculate the current ratio. [4] (ii) Briefly explain the significance of your result.[2] (iii) Explain two ways in which Padman might improve the management of workingcapital. [4] 28

W2009 2 6 Accounting [2] Calculate the current ratio for 2009. 28

W2009 2 6 Accounting [2]The current ratio for 2008 was much higher. Briefly comment on the significance toMQ of the change in the current ratio. 28

W2009 2 6 Accounting [2]With reference to the data provided by the Finance Director, briefly explain onereason for the change in the current ratio. 28

W2009 2 6 Accounting [2] Calculate the acid test ratio for 2009. 28

W2009 2 6 Accounting [2]The acid test ratio for 2008 was 1.5. Briefly comment on the significance to PQ of thechange in the acid test ratio. 28

W2009 2 6 Accounting [2]With reference to the data provided by the Finance Director in Table 1, briefly explainone reason for the change in the acid test ratio. 28

W2002 1 6 Accounting 3Explain why the payback period might be an important factor in deciding whether toinvest in new fixed assets. [3] 29

W2006 1 6 Accounting

Evaluate the usefulness to a business of the Payback and Average Rate of Returntechniques in deciding whether to invest in changing its production method frombatch to flow. [12] 29

W2008 1 6 AccountingExplain the strengths and weaknesses of the ‘payback’ method of investmentappraisal. [5] 29

S2002 2 6 Accounting (ii) Net cash flow (line 16). [3] 29

S2002 2 6 Accounting(c) For the proposed new restaurant:(i) Calculate the payback period. [2] (ii) Calculatethe average rate of return. [3] (iii) Comment on your results. [3] 29

S2003 2 6 Accounting (c) Analyse one method of investment appraisal Ratan might use. [6] 29S2007 2 6 Accounting [3] (i) payback. (line 13) 29S2008 2 6 Accounting [4] Calculate the value of X (ARR) in Table 1. 29

S2008 2 6 Accounting [8]

Assume that the information collected shows a market for the new development.Using Table 1 and other information, advise EFWP on whether to go ahead with Sue’sexpansion plans. 29

W2002 2 6 Accounting(b) Using the information in Table 2, explain why there might be a cash flow problemin the business and suggest one possible remedy for this situation. [4] 29

W2009 2 6 Accounting [2] Calculate the Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) for the contract with Wind4U. 29W2009 2 6 Accounting [2] Explain the usefulness to Joe of your answer to (i). 29W2009 2 6 Accounting [2] Calculate the payback for the boat conversion investment. 29W2009 2 6 Accounting [2] Explain the usefulness to PF of your answer to (i). 29W2009 1 6 Accounting [2] What is a cash flow forecast? 30W2009 1 6 Accounting [3] Explain one way of improving a business’ cash flow. 30S2007 1 7 Decision-making Distinguish between the mean and the median. [2] 31

S2007 1 7 Decision-makingBriefly describe one business situation in which the median might be a more usefulmeasure than the mean. [3] 31

W2003 1 7 Decision-making Distinguish between the mean and the median of a set of data. [2] 31W2003 1 7 Decision-making Explain one business situation where the mode would be a useful measure. [3] 31

W2008 1 7 Decision-makingDiscuss the limitations of using purely numerical data when making business decisions.[12] 31

W2009 1 7 Decision-making[2] Distinguish between the Median and the Mode. 31

W2009 1 7 Decision-makingBriefly explain how the Mode might be more useful to a shoe manufacturer than theMedian.[3] 31

W2009 1 7 Decision-makingExplain two methods that might be used for the visual presentation of businessinformation.[8] 31

S2007 2 7 Decision-making[2] Calculate the percentage change in sales of components between 2005 and 2006. 31

W2004 2 7 Decision-making(c) Discuss sources of information that might help Jennifer to make a decision aboutwhether to enter the fashion market. [8] 31