QuestionQuestion

What are the responsibilities of partners What are the responsibilities of partners who engage in sexual intercourse? List five. who engage in sexual intercourse? List five.

RhondaRhonda

QuestionQuestion

What are the average costs associated with What are the average costs associated with pregnancy?pregnancy?

Hospital StayHospital Stay Doctor BillsDoctor Bills Cesarean-SectionCesarean-Section Monthly Child Care CostsMonthly Child Care Costs Monthly Diapers & FormulaMonthly Diapers & Formula Average Total of 1Average Total of 1stst Year costs Year costs

The Female The Female Reproduction SystemReproduction System

FemaleFemale

FunctionsFunctions Produce an ovum (egg cell)Produce an ovum (egg cell) When united with sperm produces a fertilized When united with sperm produces a fertilized

ovumovum

External Reproductive OrgansExternal Reproductive Organs

Called the vulvaCalled the vulva Clitoris, mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, Clitoris, mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora,

and vaginal openingand vaginal opening

ExternalExternal

Mons pubis – rounded fatty pad of tissue, covered Mons pubis – rounded fatty pad of tissue, covered with pubic hair, located in front on top of the pubic with pubic hair, located in front on top of the pubic bonebone

Labia majora – outer fold of tissue on either side of Labia majora – outer fold of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening, also cover with pubic hairthe vaginal opening, also cover with pubic hair

Labia minora – inner folds of skin, this forms a hood Labia minora – inner folds of skin, this forms a hood like covering over the clitorislike covering over the clitoris

The labia serve as a line protection against pathogens The labia serve as a line protection against pathogens and also have a function in sexual arousaland also have a function in sexual arousal

Vaginal OpeningVaginal Opening

Hymen – thin membrane that stretches across Hymen – thin membrane that stretches across the vaginal openingthe vaginal opening

Clitoris – small knob of tissue in the front of Clitoris – small knob of tissue in the front of the vaginal opening, important in producing the vaginal opening, important in producing sexual arousal.sexual arousal.

Internal Female Reproduction Internal Female Reproduction OrgansOrgans

Vagina – elastic, tube like passageway. Birth canalVagina – elastic, tube like passageway. Birth canal Cervix – neck of the uterus, during childbirth the Cervix – neck of the uterus, during childbirth the

cervix dilates to allow the passage of the babycervix dilates to allow the passage of the baby Uterus – strong, elastic muscle about the size of a fist, Uterus – strong, elastic muscle about the size of a fist,

Main Function – hold and nourish the developing Main Function – hold and nourish the developing embryo and fetusembryo and fetus

Fallopian Tubes – tubes on each side of the uterusFallopian Tubes – tubes on each side of the uterus Ovaries – female sex gland situated on both sides of Ovaries – female sex gland situated on both sides of

the uterus at the end of the fallopian tubes, House the the uterus at the end of the fallopian tubes, House the ova and produce the female sex hormones estrogen ova and produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.and progesterone.

OvulationOvulation

The process of releasing one mature ovum The process of releasing one mature ovum each month into that ovary’s fallopian tube is each month into that ovary’s fallopian tube is called ovulationcalled ovulation

The ovum can live for two days in the The ovum can live for two days in the fallopian tubesfallopian tubes

At this time one sperm will enter the ovum and At this time one sperm will enter the ovum and fertilize the eggfertilize the egg

MenstruationMenstruation

If an ovum is not fertilized, or if the fertilized ovum If an ovum is not fertilized, or if the fertilized ovum does not attach to the uterine wall, the uterine lining does not attach to the uterine wall, the uterine lining is not neededis not needed

The muscle of the uterine contact, causing the lining The muscle of the uterine contact, causing the lining to gradually break downto gradually break down

The lining passes through the cervix into the vagina The lining passes through the cervix into the vagina and out of the vagina openingand out of the vagina opening

The process of shedding the lining of the uterusThe process of shedding the lining of the uterus 4 to 7 days ( 3 or 9 days )4 to 7 days ( 3 or 9 days ) Varies from female to femaleVaries from female to female

Menstrual PeriodMenstrual Period

Abdominal crampsAbdominal cramps 2-3 tablespoons of blood2-3 tablespoons of blood The rest is other tissues that make up the liningThe rest is other tissues that make up the lining The cycle repeats itselfThe cycle repeats itself 10-15 years of age10-15 years of age Menopause – the ceasing of menstruation, 45-Menopause – the ceasing of menstruation, 45-

5050

Methods of Predicting OvulationMethods of Predicting Ovulation

Calendar or Rhythm MethodCalendar or Rhythm Method Basel Body Temperature MethodBasel Body Temperature Method Sympto-thermal Method Sympto-thermal Method Ovulation MethodOvulation Method Ovulation Predictor KitsOvulation Predictor Kits

Menstrual CycleMenstrual Cycle

RhondaRhonda December 25December 25thth first day of menstrual flow first day of menstrual flow December 31December 31stst last day of menstrual flow last day of menstrual flow January 11January 11thth mid point of woman’s cycle (January mid point of woman’s cycle (January

99thth-13-13thth possible ovulation) possible ovulation) January 30January 30thth first day of new cycle first day of new cycle

Concerns about the Female Concerns about the Female Reproductive SystemReproductive System

PMS – Premenstrual Syndrome, two weeks PMS – Premenstrual Syndrome, two weeks before or just several daysbefore or just several days

Symptoms – nervous tension, anxiety, Symptoms – nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression, irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression, mood swings, and fatiguemood swings, and fatigue

ConcernsConcerns Dysmenorrhea – painful contractions, lasting for Dysmenorrhea – painful contractions, lasting for

days, avoid aspirindays, avoid aspirin Amenorrhea – lack of a menstrual cycle, a 16 year old Amenorrhea – lack of a menstrual cycle, a 16 year old

female who has never had a period or one that is female who has never had a period or one that is discontinued for over three monthsdiscontinued for over three months

Toxic Shock Syndrome – caused by a bacterial Toxic Shock Syndrome – caused by a bacterial infection, most cases have been traced to the use of a infection, most cases have been traced to the use of a super-absorbent tampons which provide an oxygen super-absorbent tampons which provide an oxygen rich environment for the bacteriarich environment for the bacteria

Vaginitis – vaginal infection which is common, yeast Vaginitis – vaginal infection which is common, yeast infection is one example infection is one example

ConcernsConcerns

Sterility – Sterility – Blockage of fallopian tubesBlockage of fallopian tubes Female does not ovulateFemale does not ovulate Endometriosis – endometrial tissue grows outside Endometriosis – endometrial tissue grows outside

the uterus areas of the pelvic cavitythe uterus areas of the pelvic cavity Untreated STD’s (Gonorrhea or Chlamydia)Untreated STD’s (Gonorrhea or Chlamydia)

ConcernsConcerns

Breast Cancer – Most common form of cancer in Breast Cancer – Most common form of cancer in womenwomen

Cervical Cancer – Pap smear to detect, but a pap Cervical Cancer – Pap smear to detect, but a pap smear will not detect STD’ssmear will not detect STD’s

Ovarian Cancer – Ovarian Cancer – Lining of the ovaryLining of the ovary In the egg-making cells in the ovaryIn the egg-making cells in the ovary Only known risk is a family history of ovarian cancer, two Only known risk is a family history of ovarian cancer, two

or more close relatives should seek professional guidanceor more close relatives should seek professional guidance