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Questionnaire

Summary of the main activities of a scientific Organisation

of the Slovak Academy of Sciences

Period: January 1, 2003 - December 31, 2006

I. Formal information on the assessed Organisation: 1. Legal name and address Institute of Construction and Architecture Dúbravská cesta 9 845 03 Bratislava 45 Slovak Republic

2. Executive body of the Organisation and its composition

Directoriat name age years in the position

director Ing. Peter Matiašovský, CSc. 50 2005

deputy director prof. RNDr. Vladimír Sládek, DrSc. 53 2005

scientific secretary Ing. Jozef Kriváček, CSc. 50 2002

3. Head of the Scientific Board

doc. Dr. Ing. arch. Henrieta Moravčíková

4. Basic information about the research personnel i. Number of employees with a university degree (PhD students excluded)

engaged in research and development and their full time equivalent work capacity (FTE) in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and average number during the assessment period

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ii. Organisation units/departments and their FTE employees with the university degree engaged in research and development

No. FTE No. FTE No. FTE No. FTE No. FTE

organisation in whole 26 23,14 30 26,7 31 25,77 33 26,54 30 25,538

Department of mechanics 5 4,3 6 5,05 7 5,63 7 5,8 6,25 5,195

Department of structures 7 7 7 7 6 6 7 6,21 6,75 6,5525

Department of materials and rheology 4 4 6 4,72 6 5,04 5 5 5,25 4,69

Department of building physics 5 3,83 5 4,5 6 4,25 7 5,16 5,75 4,435

Department of architecture 4 3,01 5 4,43 5 3,85 6 3,52 5 3,7025

Mechanical and technological laboratories 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0,85 1 0,9625

Research staff2003 average200620052004

5. Basic information on the funding

i. Total salary budget1 of the Organisation allocated from the institutional resources of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and average amount for the assessment period

Salary budget 2003 2004 2005 2006 average

total salary budget (millions of SKK) 12,725 13,469 14,026 14,494 13,679 6. URL of the Organisation’s web site

www.ustarch.sav.sk

II. General information on the research and development activity of

the Organisation: 1. Mission Statement of the Organisation as presented in its Foundation

Charter The institute is orientated towards the fundamental research of: • the mechanical, temperature and acoustic fields in complex structures exposed to the

impacts of various types of loads, • the resistance of structures,

1 Sum of the brutto salaries without the fund contributions.

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• principles of the processes of hydration and creating the pore structure and the resulting physico-mechanical properties of silicate composites,

• the heat, moisture and air transport in structures, • the influence of light and solar radiation on the creation of interior environment, • theory and critics of architecture.

The institute provides consulting and other expert services connecting with the main activity of the institution.

The institute carries out a doctoral study in the meaning of universally valid legal directives.

The institute provides the publication of scientific and research results by means of periodical and non-periodical press. The publishing of the periodical and non-periodical press follows resolutions of the Presidium of SAS.

2. Summary of R&D activity pursued by the Organisation during the assessed period, from both national and international aspects and its incorporation in the European Research Area (max. 10 pages)

Since the last accreditation the institute workers have published 6 abroad monographs, 72 scientific publications in journals indexed by CC database, 41 scientific publications in journals covered by other databases, 213 publications in proceedings of international scientific conferences and a lot of other scientific and expert works of lower significance as the mentioned ones. The number of publications per a research employee corresponds to the parameters of leading international research institutions in the fields of building mechanics and physics as well as in the field of building materials research. In technical sciences the median of the impact factors is 0.3. The quality of our scientific publications can be documented by the fact that we have 459 citations in the database WOS, which represents the fictive impact factor 6.4 per a CC publication. This parameter expresses that the scientific papers in CC journals belong to better-than-average by their quality. The total number of the quotations is 928. The institute researchers worked out 192 reviews on the submitted scientific works to the journals and proceedings and 105 reviews of the submitted grant projects. The total number of the invited lectures for the abroad scientific conferences was 32. The invited lectures oftentimes have a character of keynote or section lectures. The institute workers acted as section chairpersons at the scientific conferences and the members of the editorial boards abroad. The increasing scientific quality of the institute can be documented by the nearly 60% increase of the citations in WOS per a researcher in a comparison with the previous period 2000 - 2003 assessed by the last accreditation. The mentioned results were realised within the activities in 33 national and 23 international scientific projects within the framework of 14 research programmes. In the assessed period a lot of original scientific results were achieved. We mention only some of them, in the division according to particular departments of the institute: Department of mechanics An analysis of the impacts of mechanical, thermal and other loadings to the continual media, of the solid phase predominantly, was the topic of the interests of scientific workers. From the physical point of view this was about the investigation of mechanical, temperature, acoustic and electromagnetic fields, as well as their mutual interactions. An international community acknowledges the contribution to the elaboration of regularised integral formulations of the boundary element method (BEM), original numerical procedures leading to the increase of the method accuracy and the determination of criteria for the correctness of the modelling of the boundary and physical variables. Applying the BEM for the boundary problems with cracks the appreciation was achieved in the field of fracture mechanics, predominantly owing

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to the elaboration of the effective calculation procedures for determination of the fracture characteristics. A swift development of the material research and technologies of material engineering in the last decades offered designers opportunity to utilise a new palette of the unknown up to now properties of non-traditional materials in the modern structures design. So-called functionally gradient materials are one of the significant groups of the modern materials, non-traditional composites, in which the programmed material properties are acquired with the use of continually changing material parameters as the result of a controlled volumetric mixing. In this way new target parameters during the structures optimisation are obtained and the numerical simulations became more significant and complex, as due to variable material parameters, as a need of the consideration of many physical fields interaction. Classical numerical methods appeared ineffective and non-applicable in certain problems. Therefore it is necessary to search new calculation methods and the element-free formulations seem to be very suitable for the boundary problems solution in continual non-homogeneous media. The institute has received the international acknowledgement immediately after early publications on the numerical method based on the of Petrov-Galerkin formulation for local regions with element-free approximations. The workers were invited to present keynote lectures at premier international conferences they obtained invitations to the scientific stays funded by the host, the invitations to participate in common projects and also to lecture to PhD students abroad. The institute organized the 1st Int. Conf. on Meshless Methods in Stara Lesna, Slovakia (2005) with editing the monograph Advances in Meshless Methods, Tech. Science Press, Forsyth, USA, 2006. The 2nd ICCES Symp. on Meshless Methods, 14-16 June 2006, Dubrovnik, Croatia was co-organized by the assistance of the institute. Although the origin of meshless methods is dated to 1977, when one of such formulations has been used for modelling astrophysical phenomena without boundaries, the research effort devoted to them started to graduate in the last decade. A traditional mesh generation for discretization of domains and/or their boundaries is reduced to the use of a set of nodal points with replacing the classical approximation in terms of interpolation polynomials within the elements by new kinds of approximation on the set of nodal points. These new conceptual ideas have influenced each of three most frequently used numerical methods in solution of boundary value problems, i.e. the finite difference method, the finite element method and the boundary integral equation method. The local integral equations together with the so-called MLS approximation have appeared to be very effective. A remarkable progress has been achieved in the Institute of Construction and Architecture SAS by the development of such a formulation for solution of various kinds of boundary value problems, where a pure boundary integral formulation is not available. This is the case of non-linear problems as well as problems in media with variable material parameters. Moreover, the treatment of inertia terms effects appears to be effective in this way, too. The method based on the use of local integral equations in combination with the MLS approximation has been developed for large deflections of plates, dynamic loading of plates, elasto-dynamic and heat conduction problems even in functionally graded materials. The new proposed methods have been investigated form the point of view of the numerical stability, convergence of accuracy, and computational efficiency. Within the solution of the FP6 project EÚ KMM-NoE for the analysis of a crack in two-dimensional anisotropic linearly elastic bodies with continuously changing material properties an original and very effective numerical method was developed. It is a variant of mesh-less method issuing from a local Petrov-Galerkin procedure. It serves for the determination of the stress intensity factors and so-called T-stresses of the cracks in bodies loaded by thermal and shock forces. The integral representations are independent on the integration trajectory. This method is more advantageous numerically as the methodologies based on the straight calculation of fracture parameters from the asymptotic developments of stresses or deflections in the close neighbourhood of the crack tip, where the high stress gradients cause large numerical errors. The group dealing with dynamical effects to building structures realised laboratory tests on the seismic tables and in the wind tunnel. Both devices belong to unique ones in Slovakia.

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Within the investigation of the seismic effects to structures a wide international cooperation and involvement in EU scientific projects started up. The new knowledge was obtained regarding safety, stress state and partial failure performance of building structures in the case of general space vibration. The response reduction systems implemented in lower storeys of the structure were analysed according their impact on total reduction of the structure response. The elaborated theoretical and numerical methods are the basis for practical implementation of systems in actual structures. In the FP5 collaboration the methods of semi-active control were developed and verified by numerical procedures and large scale experiments. The optimum seismic response of asymmetrical structures was the target of the research. Obtained results gave very good agreement between actual behaviour and the results of forecasting calculations. When using the proposed procedure, it is possible to achieve the remarkable decreasing of the structure response and stresses caused by sudden seismic actions. Consequently, the total resistance of such structures against accidental dynamic actions can be significantly improved and structures became more safe and reliable. The influence of general actual stresses and deformations on fatigue strength of welded connections was analysed. The measured time histories and their spectra were used as a basis of variable block loading of steel specimens in laboratory conditions. The obtained experimental results gave data about failure mode of new steels in places of rough or milled welds. The results have practical importance mainly for the design and verification of bridges that are exposed to extreme imposed and accidental variable loading. Original, more detailed and extensive knowledge was obtained about the stresses in composite civil engineering structures caused by actual non-stationary dynamic loading in conditions of different near sources, especially near earthquake sources. Evaluation of representative time histories of dynamic motions was based on extended characteristics of inputs and responses. The obtained results of own experimental research have shown the importance to modify abrupt changes in dynamic response that could appear during the failure process. Thus, the composition and the participation degree of used materials should be applied in the scenarios of variable resistance capacity of a structural system. Calculation methods for the solution of static-dynamic response of the systems with built-in elements of the materials of shape memory alloys (SMA) were developed, considering the alternatives of simplified algorithms and alternatives of more complicated approaches. On the basis of carried out experimental research and theoretical-numerical analyses the really positive influence of this material on dynamic performance and seismic safety of structures was showed. During the seismic tests of composite frames made of fibre concrete reinforced locally with the SMA rods the peak ground acceleration (PGA) could be reached without dangerous damage of structure. Dynamic loading hystereses showed as frequency and temperature dependent, with the increasing damping under the vibration amplitudes increase. The control of the transition from martensitic (M) state to austenitic (A) state M-A and conversely from austenitic to martensitic A-M together with decrease of SMA material prices to an acceptable level predetermine a wider practical use of this technology. The application is highly effective in the vulnerable places of structures. The results are significant for the safety of technical systems, important structures and bridges. Within the FP5 project cooperation the techniques leading to the increase of the durability of structures built of natural stone were developed and designed. The possibilities of the asymmetric stonework seismic response optimisation were widened and confirmed by the seismic tests of a large-scale stonework masonry model in laboratories LNEC Lisbon. The mechanism of shear-bending damage of stonework walls reinforced with polymer mesh was proved numerically and experimentally. Significant knowledge on the contribution of polymer meshes in bed joints and the contribution of vertical polymer meshes and fibre plasters to the resistance and durability of layered systems were gained. The application is in the protection of new structures and predominantly in increasing the durability of historical stone buildings and monuments. The experimental base utilising the optical principles and methods, connected with original ideas and long-time experience was a contribution to the institute thanks to the flexibility of

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measurement of many physical quantities. The classical holographic-interference and speckle-interference techniques, but also opto-electronic scanning by camera and computer image processing were used. As an example the analyses of local surface heat transfer coefficients for chosen surfaces configurations with the use of photoelectric measurements of the air refraction index in the boundary layer can be mentioned. The equipment consists of the laser diode and a double diode as detector. The method was proved by numerical and analytical solutions. The applicability of the method in the measurements at small temperature differences is one of the advantages of the developed methodology. Finally, a worthful result is further development of the transfer matrix method as a computational numerical method as well as its application to investigation of vibrations of bridges and pylons. Department of structures The research and development activity of the department was concentrated on the concrete and masonry structures, steel structures and the structures of the materials on the basis of wood and other modern composites. The analysis and modelling of the performance of structural, mainly reinforced concrete, partially pre-stressed, composite and steel elements in real conditions of building structures was the main content of the research. The degradation processes connected with various loading regimes, the environmental influences and production imperfections were studied. The objective was to secure a higher reliability, economy and durability of structures. The concrete remains the dominant construction material, especially modified concretes HPC, SCC or FRC types. The research was focused on the principles for determination of the durability of structures, enabling the decrease of damage occurrence probability. The analysis of environmental factors affecting negatively the existing structures was included. The results were obtained in the improvement of autoclaved aerated concrete structures by the introduction of progressive structural elements. At the institute an energetic approach to the damage and the cracks evolution modelling in concrete structures was elaborated. From the aspect of optimum design of progressive composite materials on the base of the combination of classical – timber, concrete and new - carbon, glass materials it was necessary to solve some relevant problems. It was mainly the limit effect of the combined composite structures, development of new systems and control junctions for the control of modern combined composite structures, development of new neuron systems of the computer simulation systems. In the field of stability and fatigue of the thin-wall steel elements the research was focused on the influence of imperfections modelled by random fields and development of the fatigue cracks. The contribution of it is connected with the use of original theory of the most dangerous imperfection shape based on the energetic rate and the original algorithms of the finite element method. For all materials the probabilistic modelling of elements interactions is common. The search for the more efficient robust reliability algorithms for the structural systems analysis and the probabilistic optimisation of the elements and structures is useful. These results were coordinated by the participation in the FP5 project SAFERELNET. The scope of the thematic network was the integrated treatment of the important aspects of design, production, operation of industrial products and systems across different industries. The main emphasis was on the use of reliability based methods for the optimal design of products, production facilities, industrial systems and structures from the point of view of balancing the economic aspects associated with providing predefined safety levels, with the associated costs of maintenance and availability. The approaches include modelling the reliability of the systems throughout their lifetime so as to be able to study the impact of new maintenance and repair schemes on system safety, life cycle costs, reliability, serviceability and quality. Methods for the assessment of existing structures and equipment will be addressed as well as approaches and criteria for extending the lifetime of products and industrial systems safety and with adequate levels of reliability and availability.

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The experimental method of simulation of the real tensile stress in the barrier locks was proposed. The previous tests of locks in the very barriers – the experimental investigation carried out in the year 2000, were replaced by the detached tests of the locks alone. The presented method is fairly progressive from the financial, time, and effectual point of view. The obtained experimental results produced the essential base for the global assessment of the reliability of the highway concrete crash barriers locks and for the acquirement of the certification license. An extent experimental – theoretical research focused on the influence of the time factor on the bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of the real progressive built-up autoclaved aerated concrete lintels loading configurations was performed in the laboratories of the institute. At the same time, a material investigation was carried out which verified the assumptions of aerated concrete behaviour under special testing conditions. The input parameters were as follows: the simulated environment (laboratory, sheltered outdoor environment, environment with the controlled enhanced content of the carbon dioxide) and the real load levels. The results of the experimental investigation of the lintels under long-term load have shown a relevant growth of the deformations up to 20 days. The stabilisation of the deformations occurs approximately after 100 days after loading. The following course of the deformations is influenced mainly by the thermal-humidity conditions of the environment. The time course of the deformations of the material specimens was similar, in addition it proved that the loading level expresses itself on the initial deformations and does not effect their further course. The effect of the environment was decisive, the biggest deformations being measured on the specimens subjected to the accelerated carbonation. No degradation effect of the long-term loading on the load-bearing capacity of the lintels could be proved. From the tests of specimens it resulted that the compressive strength and other mechanical characteristics are mostly affected by the environment, the carbon dioxide showing the most degrading effect For the control of the wind loading effect the idea of the application of windbreaks located on bridges was realised. The windbreaks enable the automatic tuning of the performance of bridges, as well as the safety and stability of cars and transport under all potential loads of wind. The role of windbreaks is to influence the wind flow on a roadway and so also the gust pressures to the moving vehicles. The windbreaks at the optimum configuration enable the change of laminar flow into the turbulent one with substantively lower aerodynamic pressures to the moving vehicles. The solution of this problem was realised with the use of theoretical and numerical analyses as well as the experimental tests on the models in the aerodynamic tunnel of the institute. Various mixtures for the manufacture of cement composites with granulated plastic waste have been designed and their basic technical parameters have been determined. From the aspect of mechanical properties the enlightened products similar to cellular concretes and ceramic products can be manufactured from the granulated plastic. Besides, it is possible to manufacture lightweight, products mechanical characteristics of which exceed the values corresponding to cellular concretes and ceramics, with a very good workability, the mixture homogeneity, with a minimum dispersion of parameters. From the aspect of their thermophysical properties the cement composites with granulated plastic content are comparable with lightweight concretes, mainly the concretes of a waste timber. In the comparison with the timber waste the granulated plastic is inertial to moisture fluctuations. Generally the granulated plastic can be understood as a lightweight non-porous aggregate for cement composites with actual technical properties, depending on their bulk density given by a mixture and technology. Department of materials and rheology The cement composites were the object of the scientific research at the department. The research has an interdisciplinary character in the tight connection of chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, mechanics and material engineering. The results enabled the development of new progressive technologies of concretes with programmed qualitative

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parameters and provide possibilities of a higher utilisation of the industrial wastes as the cement composites components. This leads to the decrease of material and energy requirements of the production. The research was oriented to the acquisition of basis for the development of composites corresponding to the increasing requirements of practice to the performance of these materials. Within the context of this the special attention was paid to the increase of the cement composites resistance and the methods of its prediction. The workers of the department were focused on the following topics: development of cement composites on the basis of mixed cements - of the low energy character or the mixed cements on the basis of Portland cement and domestic non-ore or secondary raw materials, application of modification powder or liquid admixtures for special mixed cement composites and for special technological solutions, development of new non-traditional products e.g. on the basis of geosynthetics and special cements. The research was also focused on the problems of tunnels, design of optimum concrete mixtures, solution of their durability from aspect of performance safety, mainly fair safety. The simultaneous influence of the cement mortars pore structure and ambient temperature on the chloride corrosion penetration has been determined and the threshold ambient temperature significant for the chloride corrosion speed has been determined. For ambient temperatures higher than the threshold temperature the corrosion penetration slows down in the mortars with a higher porosity. Mineral filler based on microground cement blend by quasinanotechnology with adjusted initial set for mechanical and anticorrosive protection of crude oil and gas pipe-lines was developed. This is bound into geotextile carrier in the layer of 9 ± 0,5 mm thick. Two geotextile layers and mineral filler create a sandwich-type composite applicable in practice as a prefabricated product. Hydration kinetics of the bound filler exposed either to water immediately or firstly sprinkled by water and after final set exposed to water were completely defined. Mechanical and anticorrosive properties of the filler under various hydration conditions were estimated. The hydrated filler fixed in geotextile carrier creates after 24-hour hydration (the research achieves time of 6 hours only) the firm mechanical protective layer with passivation effect on steel. The study of alkali activated binding systems based on aluminosilicate materials like wastes – fly ash, slag and others – or thermally activated natural substances. Their high binding potential has been found. This makes it possible to reach the compressive strength corresponding or overcoming its level at Portland cements. The possibility of the use of this geopolymer cement as a matrix for the preparation of thermal insulation materials was studied. Two lightweight geopolymers have been developed with bulk weight of 680 and 450 kg/m3 and compressive strength of 0.47 and 0.17 MPa. These agree well with the values of current thermal-insulation materials. The developed geopolymer materials belong to the category of the progressive technical and ecological alternative cements. Their production enables the possibilities of decreasing the requirements on the technology energy consumption needed for the production of Portland cements. The significance decrease of CO2 emission is a further positive effect of the geopolymers cement production. Moreover, these cements give the possibility reaching the specific properties of the cements composites opposite to the Portland cements. The knowledge base for the development of the technology of cement composites with high strengths was enriched. The result is based on the found out acceleration of the hydration and strength development due to extreme decrease of water/cement ratio (w/c 0,08 – 0,05, usually 0,25 – 0,50) and increase of the ambient temperature of cement paste hardening under the high pressure action (up to 300 MPa) to the fresh mixture. The obtaining of relatively high compressive strengths up to 180 - 200 MPa after 24 hours of hardening at the temperature 20°C, or after 3 hours at the temperature 90°C were the adequate consequences of these conditions. Such values are in practice not obtainable with the use of the usual technologies. The technique provides a significant possibility to utilise extremely low values of w/c as well as super – almost nano-fine binders for the production of cement composites with the adequately modified high quality properties. Within the cooperation on the FP5 project UPTUN the institute participated in the

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development of the principles of the choice of optimal material systems (cement, aggregates, admixtures, concrete mixture composition) best applicable in extreme conditions of fire, as a part of seeking of optimal concrete recipes for the intended fire in tunnels, for assessment of physical-chemical, chemical and porosity methods for estimation of the degradation measure of concrete at high-temperature attack was elaborated. Collaborating institutions from the west Europe actively contributed to final versions of the concrete mixture composition, whilst the institute coordinated the concrete testing. This results in 4 concrete recipes (utilized by abroad producers) which were verified by the tests in laboratories and directly by a fire in Virgolo tunnel near to Bolzano. Material compositions of laboratory-made concretes at 20oC and 1000oC were proposed and subsequently verified in collaboration with 6 foreign concrete producers. Physical-mechanical properties (strengths, Young´s modulus of elasticity, stress-strain diagrams) were determined and fire-resistance of concretes was estimated by the methods of fundamental research (XRD, DTA-TG, mercury intrusion porosimetry, microscopy). Subsequently the concrete specimens from the above concrete producers taken directly from motorway Virgolo tunnel (near to Bolzano, Italy) after large-scale fire test were investigated. It was found that all tested concretes in interoperation with the installed fire suppression precautions in a tunnel are satisfactorily resistant to the effect of high temperatures. The material research carried out contributes by a decisive manner to the definition of pan-European antifire rules for tunnel service from the viewpoint of prescribed installed fire suppression precautions and material systems (concrete) with high fire-resistance that will be obligatory for all EU member countries. Four recipes of cement-bentonite suspensions for technological applications with ultrafine ground bentonite mined in two Slovak deposits were proposed and tested. Technologically important properties of individual components (cement and the used bentonites) and fresh mixtures as well as parameters of hardened suspensions were defined for the developed recipes. One bentonite is high-quality bentonite, the second is not. High-quality bentonite in contents up to 30 wt.% improves low-quality bentonite by this way that suspensions with blended ultrafine ground bentonites have the same rheological and mechanical properties than those made only with high-quality bentonite without ultrafine grinding. The same share of high-quality bentonite at the same and better utility properties of cement-bentonite suspensions is achieved by ultrafine grinding and blending of bentonites. For the national economy, the pronounced savings in mining of expensive high-quality bentonite are achieved. Contemporarily the mining of cheaper low-quality bentonite having limited possibilities in application perspectives is enabled. The influence of nanosilicious admixture for the increase of the concrete resistance against the temperatures up to 1000oC was investigated. The admixture was dosed maximally up to 0.5 % by mass of the cement content in concrete. This is a significant decrease of the dose comparing with the usual dosing of puzzolanic admixtures in concrete, e.g. silica fume with the dimension of particles 5 - 10 μm and the specific surface area 20 000 - 25 000 cm2/g is dosed by 5 - 10% by mass of the cement content. That means 10 - 20 times lower dose of nanosilicious admixture in comparison with the most known puzzolanic admixture, with the preservation of all technically significant properties of concrete. A positive influence of the nanosilcious admixture on the quality and quantity of the created hydrated phase and the increase of porosity at 20oC and 1000oC in comparison with the reference concrete was found out. The concrete microstructure with 0.5 % dose of the nanosilicious admixture is characterised by a compact and dense cement matrix with the extremely low porosity. The cement matrix tightly envelopes the grains of used aggregates. The nanosilicious admixture is suitable for the high-strength concrete with the increased resistance to high temperatures. Department of building physics The main orientation of the department was to the mathematical modelling of heat, air, moisture and aggressive media transport in porous materials, considering the non-linear effects, resulting from the dependence of transport parameters on moisture and temperature. The modelling of the transport and coupled parameters on the basis of the pore structure and

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microstructure of materials was the inherent part of this research. In the last years the activity in a given field was focused on creating the databases of complex material parameters for computational simulations of the phenomena coupled with the heat and mass transport within the framework of the porous building materials and elements durability and lifetime analyses. The created databases can serve at present as the basis for a development of integrated approach to testing and modelling the structures performance. This research included the methods of materials characterisation, methods of determination of moisture and aggressive media binding in materials, methods of transport coefficients determination, the relations between material structure and transport characteristics, inter-laboratory comparison of models. The group working at the department participated in the international project OECD, IEA ECBCS, Annex 41, MOIST-ENG, focused on the research and modelling of complex hygrothermal performance of buildings. The development of integration simulation model for the coupling of existing simulation programmes was one of the results in the assessed period. The fundamental element of the model is the local modelling of the indoor surface heat transport coefficients. Besides these results the water vapour sorption and desorption isotherms for selected interior finish materials were determined, analysed and modelled with the use of integration of partial existing theoretical models. From the analysis of dynamic hygric behaviour of various building materials the hysteresis of the moisture response under a periodical loading of testing structures was characterised. The analysis of long-term measurements of indoor and outdoor boundary conditions enabled to define indoor boundary conditions regimes in large panel buildings. The methodology of the laboratory determination of the driven rain absorption factor of building materials under a given driven rain regime, from the aspect of intensity, duration and the frequency of spells was developed. The thermal conductivity of dry plasters, mortars and thermal insulation materials was analysed. It was found out that their conductivity is proportional inversely to the second power of porosity and that this dependence can be modelled with serial configuration of particular components. From the analysis of the pore structure parameters and the characteristics of the water suction in mortars and plasters the critical volumes for the percolation of the water and air transport during this process were determined and interpreted. The extent and character of the carbonation effects to a pore structure and parameters of transport and accumulation of the heat and mass in various plasters were investigated. During the carbonation process the water-accumulation parameters of the analysed materials are significantly changed and the values of the liquid phase diffusivity increase. This effect is significant mainly in case of the originally hydrophobised plasters, where the hydrophobisation is partly damaged due to the carbonation. In the field of day lighting the institute has one of the largest multipurpose devices in Europe in the form of a hemispheric sky with diameter of 8 m, where the modelling of the luminance of overcast and clear sky is possible. The modelling of light climate is characterised according to a detailed measurement of horizontal illuminances and irradiances and also the zenith luminance in the regular 1-minute intervals at the international station CIE/WMO IDMP located at the institute (CIE – the Commission Internationale de L´Eclairage, IDMP – the International Daylight Measurement Programme). The data serve for the explanation of the conditions of illumination and irradiation for building energy balances and their simulations, solution of the indoor environment quality and also for the proof of the algorithms obtained by the use of new technologies, e. g from the satellite images. The research in this field was oriented mainly to the specification of the knowledge on a variability, accessibility and physical properties of luminance and irradiance and their effective utility in coordination with the activities of international organisations CIE, ISES a CIB. Within the framework of these activities the database of 1-minute instantaneous illuminances and irradiances has been enlarged to the 10-year data set. The high direct sunlight occurrence in the class up to 2000 lx was found out from the analysis of long-term yearly daylight illuminances. The results were applied in the international standard CIE S 011/E:2003 Spatial distribution of daylight - CIE standard general sky edited by CIE Central Bureau Vienna. Its validity is obligatory to use in CIE and ISO member states. The standard

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ISO 15469:2004(E)/CIE S0011/E:2003 Spatial Distribution of Daylight-CIE Standard general Sky was published in 2004. This standard is one of the results of a scientific research oriented to defining the daylight exterior conditions and which took place at the institute in cooperation with ASRC Albany, USA. The 15 sky types were standardised and they describe prevailing daylight conditions in nature expressing sky luminance distribution and which can be applied in the simulations of daylighting in buildings, energy building simulations or in studies of climatological influences on indoor environment. The standard represents a stimulus for future research in this and the related fields. The final solution of the main problem of CIE Sky Standards application in accordance with daylight evaluation in absolute values has been found. The formulae for calculation of zenith luminance were proposed and verified using measured data recorded at IDMP station Bratislava. A significant correlation between the classification parameter Lvz/Dv and the parameter of efficiency of diffuse light Dv/Ev in relation to solar altitude has been found. This new approach allows to apply detail data measured at IDMP stations, satellite images as well as allows to predetermine daylight conditions based on the standard parameters. The model for calculation of sky luminance distribution, developed from the data acquired from the measurements by luminance scanners and from the measured diffuse illuminance and zenith luminance at the sun altitude up to 72˚ was created. Taking into consideration that in tropical regions the solar altitude can reach 90°, it was necessary to verify the general validity of this model. In National University of Singapore, close to equator, there is CIE IDMP station, where the data on illuminance and zenith luminance are measured. In the cooperation with the local faculty of architecture and the Asian Research Institute the whole-year situation of typical external illuminances conditions were analysed and the correlation between measured and modelled illuminances was investigated. The general model for calculation of the sky luminance distribution was proved for all solar altitudes. Simultaneously it was proved that the standard ISO 15469-2004 Spatial distribution of daylight – CIE Standard General Sky for the calculation of relative distribution of sky luminance has global validity without any restrictions. Within the bilateral project SK-GR two methods of the reference year of daily illuminance generation were designed. The first uses detailed data on illuminance, irradiance, zenith luminance and sunshine from the IDMP stations, the second is based on the sunshine measurements. The real course of daily illuminance, the occurrences of typical sky luminance distribution and the parameters of light climate during a year, as well as 5-minute averages of illuminance and zenith luminance are the results of a new approach to the generation of the reference year of daily illuminance. Department of architecture Researchers from the Department of Architecture are involved in long-term research of Slovak architecture in broader international context. They study the universal and specifically local displays of architecture; clarify relations of the regional and central architectural production and analyse the transfer of the influences and authentic impulses in architectural design. Among the most important results in this field during the period in view of the key output is the concept and edition of the monograph Architecture in Slovakia: A Concise History elaborated by scientists from research teams of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the Slovak Technical University under the supervision of the researchers from the Department of Architecture. The publication Architecture in Slovakia: A Concise History represents the unique collected overview on two millennia of architecture in the territory of Slovakia. Focused on the essential, it informs of architectural evolution in Slovakia, of its architects and builders and of their most important works. The architecture is presented as a fundamental part of the cultural heritage of Slovakia granting the country its unique character. In methodologically innovative way the eighteen chapters of the book outline the evolution of architecture on the territory of Slovakia from the times of Roman Empire till the present

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times. Each chapter is divided in a few principal parts, each of them clarifying the wider socio-historical context of architecture, the key works, the key figures, the characteristic phenomena or typological categories of architecture in individual historical periods. Thus the book is a continuous narration on evolution of architecture of Slovakia; an overview of the key works and figures of architecture of Slovakia; a guidebook of the most important architectural monuments of this country. In the scope of research of the 20th century architecture the researchers of the Department of Architecture in general focus on the mechanisms of reception of modernity in architecture in Slovakia. During the period in view various indicators of socio-cultural and technical modernization that were reflected into the 20th century architecture in Slovakia were identified; the structure of phenomena that help to follow the lines of mutual relations of the local and international scenes in the 20th and 21st centuries and the entire process of modernization in relation of the local modernity with the wider European situation were subjected to research. Among many West European impulses that were received in Slovakia there were many different and often contradictory tendencies that reflect preferences of individual architects, groups or movements or schools of architecture. Process in which the local environment worked with these impulses in different ways and in combination with influences of local architectural personalities, traditions and the given historical situation formed the heterogeneous profile of the Slovak architectural modernity. The most important results in this field arouse from the international project of the European Framework Programme Culture 2000 Modern Movement Neighbourhood Cooperation (www.laniqa.com/momoneco), in which, for the first time, the synthesis of work allowed to point out parallel development trajectories, related conceptions as well as local differences and specificities of the process of architectural design and construction of industrial cities in Northern, Central and Southern Europe in the first half of the 20th century. Four international exhibitions, various publications in current contents foreign and local magazines certify the actuality and innovativeness of this research. The innovative methods of researching the peripheral architectural situation were applied by the research team of the Department of Architecture also to test the central European architectural material in the scope of the comparison of the Slovak, Czech, German and Austrian architecture. The results of this research were published in monographs abroad and in the scientific periodicals listed in international databases. The outputs were object of many lectures at international conferences, exhibitions, e.g. the exposition of Czech and Slovak Republics at the Biennale of Architecture in Venice and served as groundwork for a few documentary films on architecture. Special attention was paid to the monographic research of the key architectures of the 20th and 21st centuries in Slovakia. The scientists of the Department of Architecture thus reacted to the raised interest of the 21st century society towards the works of architecture of the second half of the 20th century. Detailed examination and documentation of the 20th century architecture in Slovakia allowed for creation of the extensive digital databases of works of architecture in the territory with almost 3000 entries and the electronic information system mapping the best architectural examples. The findings acquired by researchers of the Department of Architecture were incorporated to the international register DOCOMOMO (www.docomomo-registers.com) and to the international databases UIA 20th Century Architectural Heritage (www.archi.fr/UIA). New knowledge in the field of identification and assessment of 20th century architecture in Slovakia serves as actualisation tool for expanding list of cultural monuments in Slovakia (The Monuments Board SR). The results of this research were also applied in compilation of the central European architectural databases www.nextroom.at), for which the researchers from the Department of Architecture elaborated the first East European countries entries. This created a basis for the future international project CEDARCH that is actually being evaluated into the second round selection within the call for applications of the European Framework programme Culture 2009. In relation to the utmost actuality of the problem of renovation of prefabricated housing the research team of the Department of Architecture in cooperation with the Institute for Urban and Regional Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, dealt with questions of architectural,

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constructive and social rehabilitation of prefabricated housing estates in Bratislava and Vienna. The research was running under the bilateral project MA 27 – F 240/02, INTERREG III A (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/isr/platte_wiba) and its results were presented at the international conference, exhibition and in various publications in Slovakia and abroad, where they met with a broad response in professional and general public. Research of prefabricated housing estates in Bratislava was aimed at the architectural, constructive, technical, historical and social contexts of the prefabricated housing development in Bratislava and in Slovakia. Partial analysis of the unique relations of the local production of prefabricated housing with the parallel developments abroad, especially in Western Europe pointed out at many characteristic differences. These differences appear especially in the technologies and spatial solutions applied, in urbanism of the housing estates in the inner structure of the cities, in facilities and equipment, in structure of the inhabitants and in the models of ownership of apartments and building plots of the housing estates. This knowledge is indispensable for creating any future strategies of handling this problem, which should come out the unique local situation and should avoid copying any flat solutions that are applied in different contexts. The key output of the research is elaboration of the complete catalogue of housing estates on the territory of Bratislava. Besides the project SAFERELNET the institute partcipated in other FP5 thematic networks. Within the framework of the project European Construction Research Network E-Core the institute cooperated on the preparation of significant material for the needs of European and the community of European scientists and researchers in construction with name “Strategy for European Construction Research” with the outlook up to 2030. The mentioned material was negotiated, gradually extended and modified at the preparation working meetings and in the final form presented at the conference E-CORE ECCREDI B4E Building for a European Future, Maastricht, Oct. 14-15, 2004. A further important output is the creation of ETF European Technology Platform and subsequently national networks NTF National Technology Platforms. Within the framework of the tasks for a thematic network Performance Based Building the State of the Art of Performance Based Building in New Associated States (NAS) of EU has been completed together with Hungarian partners as part of the tasks for the EU-funded Performance Based Building network. The scope of the Perfomance Based Building State-of-the-Art in NAS is to give an analysis of all aspects of potential relevance to the envisaged future implementation and actual application of PBB – Performance Based Building in the respective NAS. The result of the work is the presentation of background and the status of PBB in the NAS with special focus on the ongoing PeBBu scientific domains and other PBB domain areas. A further aim is to provide a future vision and strategies for the implementation of PBB in the NAS countries in general and in the PBB domain areas. In conclusion, the complex solution how to support the PBB in NAS must issue from the promotion and propagation of cooperative approach of all partners to the construction based on complex building performance knowledge. The possibility of equal opportunities and the minimum threshold degree of economical freedom and stability are the fundamental conditions for this. The accession to the European Union provides new opportunities, partly as obligations for implementing PBB in the NAS.

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3. Concept of R&D activity of the Organisation for the next four years (max. 5

pages) i. Present state of knowledge and status of ongoing research related to the subject

of the Concept, from both international and national perspective The concentration of civil engineering, architectural and construction research is influenced by:

• Global climatic changes (storms, floods, extreme temperatures, frequent extreme winds, intensive snows, increasing seismicity, etc.),

• The development and changes of the energy consumption in the construction and buildings in various seasons, with a subsequent need of research and creation the technical tools and measures for a solution of relevant problems,

• Demographic changes (ageing of European population, migrations) • Gradual extension of the European Union (working mobility within Slovakia, the

European Union, worldwide) • Reappraisal and reconstruction of large urban complexes as well as industrial

complexes • Harmony with environment and protection of the environment.

Materials and technologies belong to one of the main program directions of knowledge society. At present the increasing share of new materials in composite systems and their combinations with traditional materials is evident. Those need new constitutive equations and often also interactions of more fields in the governing equations. Great demands are made on physical modelling the processes in new materials and numerical simulations of such processes as well as experimental measurements necessary for modelling.

At the department of mechanics, there is a group of research workers that is interested in the Continuum Mechanics and Computational Mechanics. Despite the great success of standard discretization method such as the finite element method and boundary element method there are some difficulties either with creation of discretization meshes, or with degenerate elements and modelling the boundary. Another complication appears in case of media with continuously variable material properties, when the problems are governed by partial differential equations with variable coefficients as valid for functionally graded materials. Reformulation and development of new computational techniques are desired in an adequate treatment. Furthermore, the development of new materials and technologies evokes the development of new computational methods challenging for instance in multi-scale modelling.

The department of structures is involved in several areas of topical problems nowadays. One research group deals with further development of the probabilistic methods of constructional design, and also with the harmonisation of bases for climatic load with the methodology of Eurocodes. The attention of other researchers at the department is orientated towards the development of bionic structures theory, the development and optimisation of new bionic and fractal load-bearing systems in structural engineering with a controlled performance on the basis of artificial intelligence. Finally part of the department deals with a theoretical-experimental analysis of physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the cement composites containing lightweight non-porous aggregates. Relevant information, adequate to the results of realised tests is still rare.

Cement composites, which represent a basic material widely used in concrete structures and a prospective alternative instead of metals, ceramics and some other materials of long-term exploitation, belong to the objectives of the material research at the department of materials and rheology. Material research of cement composites uses laws of the relations among hydration, hardening and creating the solid structure of cement composites. The resulting performance level depends on the properties of input components and the used technology. At present the research is focused on the following building materials performance requirements: long-term stability under extreme physical and chemical conditions, ecological, energy and economical requirements.

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At the department of building physics there is a group that deals with detailed exploration of the complex physics involved in the whole building heat, air and moisture response. This includes basic research, a further development of existing and new models, measurement of the moisture storage function of materials, measurement of the air permeance of envelope parts as build, mock up testing, field testing and validation by inter-comparison of models through common exercises and confrontation with measured data. Simultaneously the group is involved in the development of a complex approach to modelling, design and evaluation of building materials, including experimental methods and computer simulation tools, which require knowledge of particular procedures. The research of daylight on an international level is orientated towards the learning the daylight and solar irradiation availability on the earth surface in their whole-year course. New criteria for daily illumination in buildings are searched and new methods for modelling the real daily illuminance/irradiance and subsequent methods for the most efficient utilisation of sky and solar light and irradiation are developed. The development is directed towards research of sky luminance spectral characteristics.

Modern architecture of the 20th century represents the actual field of research both in the international context and in Slovakia. The research activities are orientated towards the study of wider context and principles, which determined the character of the individual locally specific displays of modernism. In relation to this, the regional research schools get into the forefront and continue to develop new methods of obtaining knowledge from examining the locally specific phenomena. The critical physical status quo of the key works of modern architecture determines the urgent need for researching the mechanisms and methods of conversation and renovation of such architecture. This trend unites top research units, e.g. the exceptionally intense communication of the given problem within the framework of the international organization DOCOMOMO (of which researchers from the Department of Architecture are members) and under the UNESCO. Also the prefabricated housing estates belong to the most urgent actual architectural and societal problems in whole Europe. Many excellent research units in all European countries aim their research at the target of finding appropriate system solutions.

ii. Organisation’s role or significance in the overall research effort within the field of the Concept on both the national and international scales

The Institute of Construction and Architecture SAS, as the institute for fundamental research in construction and architecture, plays an important role in theoretical and experimental research. The institute develops intensively the activities within the framework of national and international research programmes. A lot of organisations from practice submit requests for consulting and expert opinions, several problems of practice need unique laboratory and in situ experimental test, which can be realised exclusively at this institute. At the institute there are continuously developed unique computational methods and algorithms for modelling the materials behaviour in various conditions of exploitation, together with providing the tools of gradual implementation in technical practice. In many fields the institute has the non-substitutable role in the development of fundamental research oriented to the civil engineering and construction needs, but not excluding other related research fields countrywide and worldwide.

A research group of the department of mechanics has contributed considerably in eighties and nineties to the development of the BEM, especially for regularized BEM formulations as well as applications to fracture mechanics computations. Recently a rapid development of various meshless methods with applications to a wide variety of scientific and engineering problems has been observed. The department of mechanics has taken part in this development from its early stage by contributions devoted to computations in functionally graded materials and crack problems.

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At the department of structures a fundamental research of the structures reliability and statistical evaluation of steel and aluminium products with an implementation of the results in standards is carried out. The department has experience in the development of modern parallel-processor and neuron techniques of the numerical analysis, with their application to the solutions of the problems of development of optimum bionic structures. So-called „back propagation neural networks“ concept subsequently will enable numerical analyses of given problems issuing from models based on the wave approximations in space and time. The testing results of the selected concrete mixtures containing the hard plastic waste specify the further research activity accomplished at this department and extending it in a complex way with a study of structural and technological characteristics and optimisation of chosen physical properties.

The role of the department of materials and rheology is represented mainly by the research of possibilities of production of the cements with decreasing bad ecological impact and simultaneous preserving the performance level corresponding to the Portland cement, with the massive use of waste materials from energy, metallurgy, ore and mining industry as a material component. Cement composites with a significantly increased performance level in comparison with a present state represent a further task. This is a problem of not only increased strength parameters, but also the resistance under extreme conditions of degradation effects of physical and chemical loading. The department has a significant potential and position in the fundamental material research on a national and international level.

The department of building physics participated in one of the first trials for a controlled design and evaluation of building materials performance in the 5FP project INSUMAT, where the capillary active materials were designed exactly for the application in internal thermal insulation systems. Such a design process based on the combination of computational methods in the combination with laboratory methods is still at the beginning and it demands the multi-scale material modelling. The department is a leading workplace and unique one in Central Europe, which deals with a systematic research of the daylight. An international position of it is given by its activity in CIE and ISES. The function of the CIE IDMP station makes it unique in the international network of the most important workplaces in the field of building illuminating engineering.

The department of architecture is the only research unit in Slovakia that runs complex research on the highest level aimed at the architecture of the 20th and 21st centuries. This unique position implies the exceptional requirements and expectations regarding results and outputs of scientific work realized by this research team. In relation to the actual situation the outputs of the research on the mechanisms and methods of conservation and renovation of 20th century architecture and results of the research on the rehabilitation of prefabricated housing estates are those that meet the highest interest in society.

iii. Objectives of the Concept The concept for a short-time period must be essentially connected with the long-term expectations of society needs and the expected demands to construction and architecture. The long-term expectations are formulated in documents like National Strategic Reference Framework of SR for years 2007-2013, Strategic Intentions and Trends of Construction Development up to 2010 with Outlook to 2015 and prepared Long-term Program of State Scientific and Technical Politics.

In general the structure has to be manufactured/modified in order to satisfy in a maximum measure the user requirements to its performance, including aesthetic requirements and reasonable operation costs. From the point of view of the structural system the structure has to be designed in such a way that the load-bearing system will react efficiently to all alternatives of loading, external and internal influences. A local deterioration of its state during the exploitation must not shift behaviour of the structure behind the acceptable

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threshold leading to global collapse. Therefore the loading and resistance of a structure has to be determined under the assumption that the structure will maintain its compact state with a satisfactory degree of reliability, safety and durability. Here one of the main goals of the concept is a survey, monitoring and analysis of changes in the development of various types of loading, their stochastic, dynamic time-space variations, with a continual development of theories, tools to their consideration at the design of structures and the construction. A wide potential is in the measurement and testing, i. e. in innovation and improvement of the scientific approach at the institute and externally. The application of virtual testing methods is one of the progressive tools. These methods are significant especially in the ambitious experiments realised at the own institute, or at relative institutes abroad. The connection of the virtual testing with innovation and operation of the monitoring systems for construction and life in extreme conditions (e. g. under ground, under water, in air space, in outer space, polar, tropical, desert regions, etc.) The adaption and exploitation of information technologies is a component of this approach. The creation of smart or intelligent structures often requires the application of piezomaterials for diagnostics and control of a structure.

The main goal of the research group at the department of mechanics for next period is the development of meshless formulations for piezo-elasticity problems as well as other applications for engineering problems with paying attention to some mathematical aspects of the computational methods, such as the numerical stability, convergence of accuracy, and computational efficiency. The research is planned to be organized within domestic grant projects (Grant agencies VEGA, APVV) as well as international bilateral (DFG) and multilateral projects (FP6, INTAS).

The department of structures will be orientated towards the optimisation of partial coefficients for an approximation to a balanced reliability of the industrial buildings design, mainly with respect to climatic loadings. In the field of new bionic and fractal load-bearing systems in structural engineering a development of monitoring terminals and software will represent the scientific activities in the next period. A development of the optimum mixtures from the aspect of their physico-mechanical properties and the determination of possible fields of their application in construction is a further goal of the research. The research is planned to be organized within either domestic grant projects (Grant agencies VEGA, APVV) as well as international bilateral and multilateral projects (NATO).

Main objectives of the concept at the department of materials and rheology are the following: research of the parameters and performance of new mixed cements based on the mass use of industrial solid wastes as an alternative replacing the environment burdening Portland cements, research of the optimum material composition of cements based on aluminato-silicate components and their alkali activation having optimum hardening conditions - composites made of which have a high quality performance, development of a new progressive cement composites technology with remarkable high strengths, minimum vapour and water permeability and consequent high resistance in chemically and physically active degradation environments and development of new peak lightweight prefabricates production technology applying domestic non-ore raw materials. The research is planned to be organized within domestic grant projects (Grant agencies VEGA, APVV) as well as international bilateral and multilateral projects (FP7).

Department of building physics will continue in the development of so-called hydro-thermo-mechanical models, which deal with the transport of heat and water in porous space and also with the deformation processes in solid matrix. This problem remains to be a challenge for research work in collaboration with other national and international institutions in the near future. The research is covering two basic types of activities: design of material properties, which is performed using suitable computer simulation tools for modelling the hygrothermal and mechanical performance, partially based on multi-scale modelling, the application of laboratory measurement and testing methods for determination of thermal, hygric and mechanical properties on different scales (from nano- to macro tests) that appear as input parameters in mathematical models. The objective of the part of department is the

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following: investigation of optical and diffuse properties of atmosphere from the aspect of light propagation and its utility in buildings, investigation of the influence of the microphysical characteristics of the atmospheric environment on the sky luminance distribution, sky luminance spectral characteristics and investigation of luminance/radiance at various wavelengths, investigation of direct and diffuse light by light conductors with possibilities of their application to the interior lighting, definition of new criteria for a design and assessment of day lighting in buildings, research of exterior illuminance and irradiance from the aspect of energy savings in buildings. The research is planned to be organized within domestic grant projects (Grant agencies VEGA, APVV) as well as international bilateral and multilateral projects (FP&).

The main objective of the research in the field of architecture will be the proposal of methods of conversation of the modern movement monuments with a special attention to the monuments of the second half of the 20th century. In relation to the investigation of the mechanisms of reception of modernity and research of the methods of conservation and renovation of the 20th century architecture the attention will be paid to the specific questions of temporality and sustainability of modern architecture. The research will run in close cooperation with the Monuments Board SR, DOCOMOMO International and other partners from EU countries in frame of multilateral projects (FP 7). This field of research is directly related to the further extension of the national and international registers of DOCOMOMO as well as further construction of the central European digital databases of architecture CEDARCH supported within the eContenplus. The objective of the research on the urban and architectural attributes of prefabricated housing estates will be the identification of the initial impacts that operate as starting mechanisms for the processes of rehabilitation of these housing estates. In relation to the continuous investigation of the prefabricated housing estates the attention will be paid to the research of special phenomena of urbanism that could imply the constitution of potential new places of initiation of their rehabilitation processes. The research is planned to be organized within the international multilateral projects (FP 7).

iv. Proposed strategies and methods to be applied, and time schedule For the achievement of ambitious objectives a multidisciplinary approach with a targeted cooperation is unavoidable. For this the following steps will be necessary: a) Integration in the European projects, especially concerning the FP7 b) Creation of the virtual testing and study base on a national and consequently international level c) Supporting the role of the institute as the centre of the national network of monitoring and assessment of modern architectural heritage. We anticipate a preparation of common project proposals in the field of the research and development of materials and technologies, architecture protection and the related projects for the development of infrastructure within the framework of Structural Funds and State Programs of Research and Development, common projects with universities and industrial partners within the framework of APVV and FP7 EU (calls – Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials and new production technologies, Energy, Environment, including climate change, Socio-economic sciences and humanities). The time schedule of the research programmes will follow those of granted projects. Within the framework of Structural Funds the following activities are prepared: - The network of excellent institutions for research, development and applications of new building materials, 2007 – 2009. - The technological centre for research, development and application of new building materials, 2007 – 2009. - The consulting centre for the innovations oriented design – centre of the lifelong educations in architecture and construction, 2007 - 2010.

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- The archive of architecture of Slovakia, the institution unifying the collecting and study activities. At the institute, where since 2000 the archive of architecture has existed, also other materials dispersed in other institutions would be collected, 2008 – 2012. - The institute of Construction and Architecture will participate in a creation of the Technological Institute SAS, 2007 - 2009. The realisation of these intensions will create the conditions for a solution of national and international projects of fundamental and applied research and will provide a more efficient utilisation of financial means. It will enable efficient education of graduants, PhD students, young scientists and experts in the field of material research, applied mechanics, engineering structures and transport buildings, architecture and town-planning, including stays, courses, and demonstration programmes for university students and trainings for scientific and technical workers from practice in Slovakia or from abroad. It will ensure the access to a new infrastructure and the provision of consulting expert or services.

III. Partial indicators of the main activities: 1. Research output

i. List of the selected publications documenting the most important results of basic research. Total number of publications in the whole assessed period should not exceed the average number of the research employees

[1] BARTZOKAS, A. – DARULA, S. – KAMBEZIDIS, H. – KITTLER, R. Sky luminance

distribution in Central Europe and the Mediterranean area during the winter period. In Journ.

of Atmosph. and Solar-Terrestrial Physics.Vol. 65, 2003, p. 113-119. (IF: 1.44)

[2] JANOTKA, I. – KRAJČI, Ľ. – DZIVÁK, M. Properties and utilization of zeolite-blended

Portland cements. In Clays and Clay Minerals. Vol. 51, no. 6, 2003, p. 616-624. (IF 1.594)

[3] SLADEK, J. – SLADEK, V. – BAZANT, Z.P. Non-local boundary integral formulation for

softening damage. In International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. Vol. 57,

2003, p. 103-116. (IF 1.468)

[4] TESÁR, A: Fatigue control of thin-walled structures. In: International Journal for Numerical

Methods in Engineering,, 2003, 57, p. 653-667. (IF 1.468)

[5] ŽIVICA, V. Influence of w/c ratio on rate of chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement

and its dependence on ambient temperature. In Bulletin of Material Science, vol. 26, no. 5,

2003, p. 471-475. (IF 0.393)

[6] DARULA, Stanislav – KITTLER, Richard Sunshine duration and daily courses of

illuminances in Bratislava, In International Journal of Climatology. Vol. 24, (2004), p. 1777–

1783. (IF 1.859)

[7] MORAVČÍKOVÁ, Henrieta: Social and Architectural Phenomenon of the Bataism in

Slovakia. Sociológia – Slovak Sociological Review. Vol. 36, 2004, no. 6, p. 519-543.

[8] TESÁR, Alexander – SEDLÁR, Marek. Behaviour control of modern composite structures.

In: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 61, (2004) pp. 2389-

2401. (IF 1.691)

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[9] ZHANG, Ch. – SLADEK, Ján – SLADEK, Vladimír Crack analysis in unidirectionally and

bidirectionally functionally graded materials. In International Journal of Fracture. Vol. 129,

(2004), p. 385-406. (IF 1.008)

[10] ŽIVICA, Vladimír High effective silica fume alkali activator. In Bulletin of Materials

Science, Vol. 27, No.2 (2004), p. 179-182. ( IF 0,509)

[11] BARTZOKAS, A. – KAMBEZIDIS, H. – DARULA, S. – KITTLER, R. Comparison

between winter and summer sky-luminance distribution in Central Europe and in the Eastern

Mediterranean. In Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics. Vol. 67, Iss. 6 (2005),

p. 709-718. ISSN: 1364-6826. (IF 1.517)

[12] DARULA, S. – KITTLER, R. - GUEYMARD, CH., A. Reference luminous solar constant

and solar luminance for illuminance calculations. In. Solar Energy, Vol. 79, Iss. 5, 2005, p.

559-565. (IF 0.868)

[13] DANANAJ, I. – FRANKOVSKÁ, J. – JANOTKA, I. The influence of smectite content on

micro-structure and geotechnical properties of calcium and sodium bentonites. In Applied

Clay Science. Vol. 28, no.1-4 (2005), p.223-232. (IF 1,267)

[14] JANOTKA, I. – MOJUMDAR, S. C. Thermal analysis at the evaluation of concrete damage

by high temperatures. In Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Vol. 81, no. 1 (2005),

p. 197-203. (IF 1,478)

[15] SADOVSKÝ, Z. – P. TEIXEIRA, A.P. – GUEDES SOARES, C. Degradation of the

compressive strength of rectangular plates due to initial deflections. In Thin-Walled

Structures, Vol. 43 ( 2005), no. 1, 65-82. (IF 0.517)

[16] SLADEK, V. – SLADEK, J. – TANAKA, M. Local integral equations and two meshless

polynomial interpolations with application to potential problems. In Computer Modeling in

Engineering & Sciences. Vol. 7 (2005), p. 69-83. (IF 2.210)

[17] TESAR, A. Load-bearing control of slender bridges. In International Journal for Numerical

Methods in Engineering, 2005, Vol.,62, p. 924-936. (IF 1.501).

[18] KOCIFAJ, M. – GANGL, M. – KUNDRACIK, F. – HORVATH, H. – VIDEEN, G.

Simulation of the optical properties of single composite aerosols. In. Aerosol Science, Vol. 37,

Iss. 2 (2006), p. 1683-1695. ISSN 0021-8502, (IF 2.477)

[19] OSTRÁB, G. – MRAVEC, D. – BAJUS, M. – JANOTKA, I. – SUGI, Y. – CHO, S. J. – KIM,

J. H. Tert-butylation of toluene over mordenite and cerium-modified mordenite catalysts. In

Applied Catalysis A-General. Vol. 299, no.1 (2006), p.122-130. (IF 2.728)

[20] SADOVSKÝ, Z. – P. TEIXEIRA, A.P. – GUEDES SOARES, C. Degradation of the

compressive strength of square plates due to initial deflections. In: Journal of Constructional

Steel Research, Vol. 62(2006), No. 4, 369-377. (IF 0.605)

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[21] SLADEK, J. – SLADEK, V. – WEN, P. H. – ALIABADI, M. H. Meshless Local Petrov-

Galerkin (MLPG) Method for shear deformable shells analysis, In CMES-Computer Modeling

in Engineering & Sciences. Vol. 13 (2006), p. 103-118. (IF 2.178)

[22] SLADEK, J. – SLADEK, V. – ZHANG, CH. – TAN, C. L. Meshless local Petrov-Galerkin

Method for linear coupled thermoelastic analysis, In CMES-Computer Modeling in

Engineering & Sciences. Vol. 16 (2006), p. 57-68. (IF 2.178)

[23] TESÁR, A. – SEDLÁR, M. Behaviour control of slender composite structures. In: Int.

Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol 67 (2006), 1139-1203. (IF 1.203)

[24] TESÁR, A. Bionics and fractal configurations in structural engineering. In: International

Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol 68 (2006), 790-807, (IF 1.203)

[25] TOPOLČANSKÁ, M. Identity Game: Czech and Slovak architecture magazines as

travelogues. In Architectural Design, Vol. 76 (2006), No 181 (May – June 2006), p. 26 – 33.

ii. List of monographs/books published abroad [1] GRUNEWALD, J. – FUNK, M. – SCHEFFLER, G. – SLADEK, Vladimír – SLADEK, Ján,

Modelling, Software Development and Simulation, Workpackage 1Report of INSUMAT:

Development of Insulation Materials with Specifically Designed Properties for Building

Renovation. Dresden: Dresden University of Technology, 2003. 89 s. ISBN 3-86005-404-X.

[2] HUETTNER, W. – ČERNÝ, R. – MATIAŠOVSKÝ, Peter INSUMAT, Development of

insulation materials with specially designed properties for building renovation. Workpackage

2 report:material Development and Production. Dresden: Dresden University of Technology,

2003. 54 p. ISBN 3-86005-405-8.

[3] MATIAŠOVSKÝ, Peter – ČERNÝ, R. – PETZOLD, H. INSUMAT, Development of

insulation materials with specially designed properties for building renovation. Workpackage

5 report: Application and test buildings. Dresden: Dresden University of Technology, 2003.

58 p. ISBN 3-86005-408-2.

[4] PLAGGE, R. – ČERNÝ, R. – MATIAŠOVSKÝ, Peter INSUMAT, Development of insulation

materials with specially designed properties for building renovation. Workpackage 3 report:

Laboratory measurements. Dresden: Dresden University of Technology, 2003. 58 p. ISBN 3-

86005-406-6.

[5] MATOLCSY, K. – TIDERENCZL, G. – MATIASOVSKY, P. NAS State of the Art Report on

Performance Based Building. PeBBUu Report: CIBdf, 2005. 99 p.

[6] URLICH. P. – VORLÍK, P. – FILSAKOVÁ, B. – ANDRÁŠIOVÁ, K. – POPELOVÁ, L.:

Šedesátá léta v architektuře očima pamětníků. Praha, Česká technika – nakladatelství ČVUT

2006. 188p. ISBN 80-01-03413-5.

[7] SLADEK, J. – SLADEK, V. (Eds.) Advances in Meshless Methods. Tech. Science Press,

Forsyth, USA, 2006. 363 p. ISBN 0-9717880-2-2.

22

iii. List of monographs/books published in Slovakia [1] MORAVČÍKOVÁ, H. ed. Architektúra na Slovensku: Stručné dejiny (Architecture in

Slovakia: a Concise History). Bratislava, Slovart 2005. 170 p.

[2] DULLA, M. – MORAVČÍKOVÁ, H. Moderná a súčasná architektúra Slovenska (Modern

and Contemporary Architecture of Slovakia). Information system. Electronic publication.

Bratislava, ÚSTARCH SAV 2003.

[3] DULLA, M. ed. Majstri architektúry (Masters of Architecture). Bratislava, Perfekt 2005, 87p.

[4] DULLA, Matúš: CASUA 1992 – 2004. SAS, Bratislava 2004, 35p.

[5] JUHÁSOVÁ, E. STN P ENV 1993-4-1 a NAD: Navrhovanie oceľových konštrukcií. Časť 4-1:

Silá, nádrže a potrubia – Silá. 1. vyd. Bratislava: SÚTN, Apríl 2003, 108p.

iv. List of other scientific outputs specifically important for the Organisation [1] Exhibition: Architektur Slowakei. Imupse und Reflexion. Exhibition on Slovak architecture of

20th century. Ringturmgalerie, Vienna, October 2003 – March 2004 (M. Dulla, H.

Moravčíková)

[2] Exhibition: Metamorphosis of Alena Šrámková and Ferdinand Milučký. Czech and Slovak

national exposition, International Biennale of Architecture, Venice, September – November

2004 (M. Topolčanská)

[3] Exhibition: Plattenbausiedlungen in Wien und Bratislava. Austrian-Slovak exhibition, June

2005, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna and November 2005, Institute of

Construction and Architecture, Bratislava. (H. Moravčíková, M. Topolčanská, K.

Haberlandová)

v. Table of research outputs Table Research outputs shows research outputs in number of specified entries; these

entries are then divided by FTE employees with a university degree (from Tab. Research

staff) for all Organisation at the respective year; finally these entries are divided by the

total salary budget (from Tab. Salary budget).

23

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

aver

aged

num

ber

per y

ear

av. N

o. /

FTE

av. N

o. /

sala

ry

budg

et

monographs, books published abroad 4 0,17 0,31 0 0,00 0,00 1 0,04 0,07 2 0,08 0,14 7 1,8 0,07 0,13

monographs, books published in Slovakia 2 0,09 0,16 1 0,04 0,07 2 0,08 0,14 0 0,00 0,00 5 1,3 0,05 0,09

chapters in monographs, books published abroad 2 0,09 0,16 1 0,04 0,07 2 0,08 0,14 5 0,19 0,34 10 2,5 0,10 0,18

chapters in monographs, books published in Slovakia

1 0,04 0,08 0 0,00 0,00 5 0,19 0,36 0 0,00 0,00 6 1,5 0,06 0,11

CC publications 21 0,91 1,65 15 0,56 1,11 20 0,78 1,43 16 0,60 1,10 72 18,0 0,70 1,32

scientific publications indexed by other d. (WOS,SCOPUS,IBZ,EMERALD, BritishArchitect. Lib.)

2 0,09 0,16 8 0,30 0,59 9 0,35 0,64 22 0,83 1,52 41 10,3 0,40 0,75

scientific publications in other journals 49 2,12 3,85 43 1,61 3,19 24 0,93 1,71 36 1,36 2,48 152 38,0 1,49 2,78

publications in proc. of international scientific conferences

64 2,77 5,03 46 1,72 3,42 53 2,06 3,78 50 1,88 3,45 213 53,3 2,09 3,89

publications in proc. of nat. scientific conferences 7 0,30 0,55 15 0,56 1,11 12 0,47 0,86 12 0,45 0,83 46 11,5 0,45 0,84

active participations at international conferences 52 2,25 4,09 68 2,55 5,05 45 1,75 3,21 54 2,03 3,73 219 54,8 2,14 4,00

active participations at national conferences 12 0,52 0,94 12 0,45 0,89 8 0,31 0,57 13 0,49 0,90 45 11,3 0,44 0,82

total

Research outputs

2003 2004 2005 2006

24

vi. Renormalized publications2 Renormalized publications = number of CC publications in the given year times

authorship’s portion of the Organisation times the journal impact factor in 2005 divided by

the median impact factor in the research field

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

Renormalized publications 0 0,00 0,00 0 0,00 0,00 0 0,00 0,00 0 0,00 0,00

2006

Renormalised publications

2003 2004 2005

vii. Standard manuscript page count3

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

num

ber

No.

/ FT

E

No.

/ sa

lary

bud

get

page count 0 0,0 0,0 0 0,0 0,0 0 0,0 0,0 0 0,0 0,0

2006

Standard manuscript page count

2003 2004 2005

viii. List of patents and patent applications [1] Patent No. PP: 428-2003 Building thermal insulation material for insulation of external

building structures of buildings from internal side.

[2] Patent No. MPT C04B/00 Material for mechanical and anticorrosive protection of product-

lines.

[3] Patent No. MPT B32B13/00 Geosynthetic mate with high sealing effect against liquid and

gaseous aggressive media.

2 This information is required only from the Organisations of the Section 2 of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. 3 This information is required only from the Organisations of the Section 3 of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.

25

ix. Supplementary information and/or comments on the scientific output of the

Organisation A scientific output of the institute has in some aspects a crucial importance for the