questionnaire to review current activities ...€¦ · web viewonly the expenditures for the...

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

REVIEW OF CURRENT ACTIVITIES

MEMBER STATE: Greece

Yes No

1. Do you collect data on domestic energy consumption? √ O

1.1 If not, do you plan to start collecting such data? O O

When? ………

2. If you do collect data on domestic energy consumption, do you use:

survey(s) √ O

administrative sources √ O

modelling √ O

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This questionnaire examines the availability of statistics on energy consumption in households in the Member States. It covers surveys / administrative sources (Part A) as well as modelling activities (Part B), which may be used to make these statistics available.

In addition to questions on coverage, the questionnaire examines costs, quality and use made of the collected information.

3. Please, give the name and a short description of each survey and administrative source used (include any planned survey, the description of which is already available). Include information on collected statistics and users at national level. Indicate how this information is used for policy definition / evaluation. Indicate additional priority user requirements and associated statistics which should be made available in future data collections to be carried out in your country.

Although the energy sector attracts great attention in Greece considering also that binding targets have been set regarding RES penetration in final energy consumption, no dedicated survey on energy consumption in households has been yet established on a regular basis. Nevertheless, it is widely accepted that it is crucial to monitor the improvement of energy efficiency and especially the development in the use of domestic RES systems both for electricity and heat production. From an energy policy view, it is also particularly important to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented measures for the increase of energy efficiency in the end-use sectors, taking into consideration the achieved savings, as well as other behavioural aspects.

In specific, the measurement of the achieved energy savings at end-use is necessary in order to make possible the monitoring of the progress towards the indicative national target for 2016 (as set by L.3855/10 which transposed Directive 2006/32/EC). Furthermore, Greece has already submitted the first and second Energy Efficiency Action Plan, while it is obliged to submit a third one by 2014. The aim of this Action Plan is to monitor the development of the measures in terms of effectiveness and the energy saving foreseen in the previous ones. This procedure requires for more detailed data for the end-use sectors, including the residential one. Therefore, it is important to be able to estimate the energy consumption data and in specific on the basis of two different methodologies, namely top-down methods with corresponding indicators and bottom-up approaches. On top of that, the binding national targets for 2020 set by L.3851/10, which transposed Directive 2009/28/EC, require the acquisition of reliable data for the level and type of use of domestic RES systems (i.e. solar thermal, biomass, geothermal, heat pumps) especially in the household and tertiary sector.

As already mentioned, no regular survey on the energy consumption of households has been conducted yet; however, a number of attempts have already been implemented, the most important of which are presented in the following.

In 2011, the European SECH project (Development of detailed statistics on Energy Consumption in Households) was initiated in Greece by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). The specific

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PART A: SURVEYS, ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES

Part A reviews surveys and administrative sources used at national level. It examines the availability of typical information normally made available by such sources (the recommended coverage was used as benchmark), their quality and associated costs.

project aimed at developing further detailed statistics on energy consumption in the household sector. While still in progress, this project undertaken by ELSTAT is an initial attempt for the collection of the necessary energy statistics in the household sector with the conduction of a survey (Survey on Energy Consumption in households 2011-2012). The outcome of the survey will include detailed energy data both on a qualitative and quantitative basis, i.e. focusing not only on data concerning the energy consumption of households (in uses such as heating, DHW, cooking, cooling, etc., and types of systems) but also potential energy efficiency interventions and behavioral aspects. CRES has been appointed by ELSTAT as the technical expert (acts as a subcontractor to the project) in order to assist to the structure of the questionnaire and the training of the interviewers.

ELSTAT also conducts another relevant survey, which concerns the collection of data regarding the households’ budget planning (EOP - Household Budget Survey). This survey began in 1974, and is implemented on annual basis since 2008. The scope of EOP is to estimate the households’ expenditures, among which those that refer to fuel consumption (heating oil, natural gas, electricity, fossil fuels, etc.), as well as the total expenses for the implementation of energy efficiency measures and potential purchases of appliances and systems like solar thermal systems for heating, heat pumps, etc. Although this survey does not involve the direct collection of energy consumption data in households, it provides financial data, which, in conjunction with certain technical assumptions and indicators, can provide an estimation of the energy consumption and facilitate the production of indicators related with the use/penetration of certain RES and/or EE systems.

Moreover, it is worth mentioning that specific statistics, which are regularly collected by ELSTAT, are utilized for estimating certain sectors of final energy consumption (e.g. forestry wood imports for use in households) and later being used for the compilation of the national energy balance, or for cross-checking with collected data from other sources (e.g. sectoral studies).

Since it is fully understood that the collection of energy consumption data in the end-use sectors are particularly important to monitor energy consumption and be able to propose the appropriate mechanisms for improving energy efficiency and meeting the national energy targets, CRES has recently proceeded in initiating a project on the consumption of energy at all end-use sectors. The specific project is already in a tendering process and will be awarded in the second semester of 2012. The target of this project is the provision of detailed statistical energy services for various sectors including the residential sector. Simultaneously, this project will examine and provide corresponding energy data for tertiary, agricultural and transport sector. Actions involved in the project, based on the awarded bid, shall include the design of a pattern system (methodology) for energy data collection and processing, the conduction of market surveys, the statistical analysis of the obtained statistical data and the establishment of an efficient methodology for the assessment of energy efficiency in the final energy consumption.

Although the aforementioned initiatives have only recently been planned and implemented, CRES has been collecting energy data (especially as regards RES and EE systems) for a longer time. These data were mainly provided by RES systems associations (e.g. Greek Solar Industry Association (EBHE), Greek Association of Geothermal Industry (ESEGEPE), etc.) and were treated and elaborated by CRES, in order for the most reliable energy statistics on final energy consumption (including the residential sector) possible to be produced.

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Finally, it should be mentioned that associated databases and registries developed and maintained by CRES, in the framework of legislative acts and obligations (i.e. registry for energy certificates of buildings, registry for ESCOs and EPCs, database for the final consumption of oil, natural gas, electricity, and solid fuels), will also provide valuable feedback on the energy consumption of households and the change of consumption profiles in time.

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4. For each survey or administrative source identified in section 3, complete the following questions, please:

Source (administrative source): ELSTAT

Yes No

* Is it a survey? (If yes, go to point 1) O O

* Is it an administrative source? (If yes, go to point 7) √ O

1 Is the survey a panel? O O

2 Is the survey obligatory? O O

3 What is the sample size of the survey? …………..

4 What is the average response rate of the survey? …………..

5 What survey format do you use?

Interview O

CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) O

CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) O

Mailed Questionnaire O

Web Questionnaire O

6 What is the total cost of the survey in Euros? …………..

What part of the total cost is attributed to the energy section? …………%

7 Describe the main purpose of the collection:

Specific statistical data, which are collected by ELSTAT, are utilized in order to monitor with a more systematic approach biomass data. Such examples are the imports of forestry wood and the produced quantities of agricultural firewoods, which are recorded by the conduction of Annual Agricultural Statistical Survey. These quantities are assumed to be fully consumed in households and the resulted figures are utilized for the compilation of energy balance. Additional data are also utilized for cross checking with data collected from other sources. Such an example is the comparison of exhausted olive cake’s quantities, which are collected by Annual Agricultural Statistical Survey and the corresponding quantities, which are estimated by the operational data of olive factories and olive exhausted cake industries.

8 What is the frequency of the data collection? Yearly1

9 Since when is such data collected? 2009 Error: Reference sourcenot found

1 ELSTAT collects these data with a higher frequency and for a longer time. However, the provided answers refer to their utilization for energy statistics purposes.

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10 When is the next data collection planned for? 2012

11 Name of the service responsible for the data collection ELSTAT

12 Who are the respondents of this survey?

Energy suppliers √ Importers √ Traders √ Households O

13 For which regional level (NUTS level) are the data significant? For all regional level

Yes No Partly14 Type of information collected

a) Housing Stock characteristics

Type of dwelling O √ O

Age of the building O √ O

Insulation (roof, wall, window) O √ O(If the answer is yes, please specify)

Heated floor area of the dwelling O √ O

b) Household characteristics

Number of households O √ O

Size (number of persons per household) O √ O

Income O √ O

c) Energy Consumption / expenditure by energy commodity type

Type of energy commodities used O √ O

Quantities of energy commodities used by type O √ O

Expenditure of energy commodities by type O √ O

(If any of the answers is "yes" or "partly" please specify commodity types)

d) Fuel types used for

Space heating O √ O

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Hot Water O √ O

Cooking O √ O

(If any of the answers is "yes" or "partly" please specify)

e) Space heating system

Type of heating system O √ O

Age of heating system O √ O

f) Availability of electrical appliances

Type/number O √ O

(If the answer is "yes" please specify types)

g) Penetration of renewable energy sources

Solar collectors (surface, type) O √ O

Photovoltaic (power) O √ O

Heat pumps (type, power, electricity consumption) O √ O

Wood (quantity) O O √


The aforementioned answer refers to the imported or produced quantities of specific biomass types

h) Penetration of energy efficiency technologies O √ Osuch as high efficiency lamps, appliances, etc.

(If the answer is "yes" or "partly" please specify)

i) Please specify any other relevant statistics that are collected and are not mentioned above:

15 Do you validate the data with external/additional information? O √ OIf the answer is "yes" or "partly" please specify (e.g. data from energy suppliers, heating devices sold/ installed)

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16 Do you apply automated plausibility checks? O √ O

17 Do you use these data for compiling national energy balances? √ O O

18 Do you publish the survey results separately? O √ OIf "yes" how do you publish (internet, brochure, CD….) andwhen did you publish the most recent figures?Link: …………………………………….

19 Do you publish a Report of Methods? O √ OIf "yes" when did you publish the most recent report?Link: …………………………………….

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Source (survey): Survey on Energy Consumption in households 2011-2012 (SECH project)

Yes No

* Is it a survey? (If yes, go to point 1) √ O

* Is it an administrative source? (If yes, go to point 7) O O

1b Is the survey a panel? O √

2b Is the survey obligatory? √ O

3b What is the sample size of the survey? 3500

4b What is the average response rate of the survey? 60% before substitution

5b What survey format do you use?

Interview √




Web Questionnaire O

6b What is the total cost of the survey in Euros? 235000 €

What part of the total cost is attributed to the energy section? 100%

7b Describe the main purpose of the collection: final energy consumption in households

8b What is the frequency of the data collection? It will only be conducted once

9b Since when is such data collected? Only for years 2011-2012

10b When is the next data collection planned for?

Since it was performed in the framework of the SECH project, no repetition of the data collection procedure is foreseen.

11b Name of the service responsible for the data collection ELSTAT

12b Who are the respondents of this survey?

Energy suppliers O Importers O Traders O Households √

13b For which regional level (NUTS level) are the data significant? For all regional levels

Yes No Partly

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14b Type of information collected


Type of dwelling √ O O

Age of the building √ O O

Insulation (roof, wall, window) √ O O(If the answer is yes, please specify)

Heated floor area of the dwelling √ O O


Number of households √ O O

Size (number of persons per household) √ O O

Income2 √ O O


Type of energy commodities used √ O O

Quantities of energy commodities used by type √ O O

Expenditure of energy commodities by type √ O O


Data are provided regarding consumption and expenditures for electricity, heating oil, natural gas, heat (from district heating), kerosene, LPG, lignite, RES.


Space heating √ O O

Hot Water √ O O

Cooking √ O O


The data of fuel types which are collected for each use separately include:

2 It is provided by a synchronous survey on the households’ budget planning

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Space heating

Heating oil, natural gas, electricity, kerosene, solid fuels, LPG, biomass, other

Hot Water

Solar, electricity, natural gas, heat, other.

Cooking

Electricity, natural gas, LPG, biomass, other


Type of heating system √ O O

Age of heating system √ O O


Type/number √ O


The availability of the following electrical appliances will be recorded:

Fridge freezer, Fridge (without freezer), Freezer (separate), Water cooler, Dishwasher, Washer (without tumble dryer), Tumble dryer (separate), Washer-dryer, Iron, Vacuum cleaner, Television, Home Cinema, DVD or VCR, Projector, Video game console, Stereo, Satellite antenna, Decoder, Computer (desktop, laptop), Peripheral devices (printer, scanner etc.), Internet devices (modem, rooter etc.), Hobs, Oven, Microwave oven, Toaster, Coffee maker, Water boiler, Cooker hoods, BBQ, Woodstove, Fireplace.


Solar collectors (surface, type) √ O O

Photovoltaic (power) √ O O

Heat pumps (type, power, electricity consumption) √ O O

Wood (quantity) √ O O


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For the case of solar collectors, only the availability of this system is examined and the capacity of the storage tank for the heated water (in the case of solar thermosiphonic systems) without further technical characteristics.

For the case of photovoltaics the data collected concern capacity, surface of photovoltaic panel, type of photovoltaic panel (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, CIS), as well as whether it is autonomous or not.

The collected data for heat pumps refer only to the type of the system for the heating cycle, while for the cooling cycle the power of the system is additionally asked.

As concerns wood, the collected data refer to quantity purchased and cost.

h) Penetration of energy efficiency technologies √ O Osuch as high efficiency lamps, appliances, etc.


Data are collected regarding the availability of shading systems, ceiling/floor fan, indoor atrium, sunspace (bioclimatic greenhouse), green roof, automatic control system for energy saving.


Information about the development of small wind turbines, the identification of energy behaviour parameters and the acquisition of Building Energy Efficiency Certificate is examined.

15b Do you validate the data with external/additional information? O √ OIf the answer is "yes" or "partly" please specify (e.g. data from energy suppliers, heating devices sold/ installed)

16b Do you apply automated plausibility checks? √ O O

17b Do you use these data for compiling national energy balances? O √ O

18b Do you publish the survey results separately? √ O OIf "yes" how do you publish (internet, brochure, CD….) andwhen did you publish the most recent figures?Link: …………………………………….

The results will be disseminated via the website of ELSTAT (www.statistics.gr) by mid 2013.

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http://www.statistics.gr/

19b Do you publish a Report of Methods? √ O OIf "yes" when did you publish the most recent report?Link: …………………………………….

A report of methodology will be included in the quality report of the survey and will be published in the website of ELSTAT by mid 2013.

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Source (survey): Households’ budget survey

Yes No

* Is it a survey? (If yes, go to point 1) √ O

* Is it an administrative source? (If yes, go to point 7) O O

1c Is the survey a panel? O √

2c Is the survey obligatory? √ O

3c What is the sample size of the survey? 3500

4c What is the average response rate of the survey? 60% before substitution

5c What survey format do you use?

Interview √




Web Questionnaire O

6c What is the total cost of the survey in Euros? 472000 € (included staff wages)

What part of the total cost is attributed to the energy section? The current survey is a general survey for the estimation of households’ expenditures and it does not have a separate section for energy data. Only a few questions are utilized for the determination of specific energy figures. Therefore, the part of the total cost, which is attributed to the energy section, cannot be estimated.

7c Describe the main purpose of the collection: households’ annual expenditures

8c What is the frequency of the data collection? yearly

9c Since when is such data collected? 1974

10c When is the next data collection planned for? 2012-2013

11c Name of the service responsible for the data collection ELSTAT

12c Who are the respondents of this survey?

Energy suppliers O Importers O Traders O Households √

13c For which regional level (NUTS level) are the data significant? For all regional levels

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Yes No Partly

14c Type of information collected


Type of dwelling √ O O

Age of the building √ O O

Insulation (roof, wall, window) O O √(If the answer is yes, please specify)

Heated floor area of the dwelling O √ O

For the case of insulation only the expenditures for new interventions are recorded.


Number of households √ O O

Size (number of persons per household) √ O O

Income √ O O


Type of energy commodities used √ O O

Quantities of energy commodities used by type O √ O

Expenditure of energy commodities by type √ O O


Data are provided regarding expenditures for the consumption of electricity, liquid fuels, natural gas, heat (from district heating), LPG, and fossil fuels.


Space heating O √ O

Hot Water O √ O

Cooking O √ O


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Type of heating system O O √

Age of heating system O O √

Only the expenditures for the modification of a central heating system to an independent one are included within the survey.


Type/number O O √


Only the expenditures for the purchases of new appliances are included within the survey.


Solar collectors (surface, type) O O √

Photovoltaic (power) O √ O

Heat pumps (type, power, electricity consumption) O O √

Wood (quantity) O O √


Only the expenditures for the purchases of new solar collectors, air-conditioning units and wood for heating purposes are recorded.

h) Penetration of energy efficiency technologies O √ Osuch as high efficiency lamps, appliances, etc.



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15c Do you validate the data with external/additional information? O √ OIf the answer is "yes" or "partly" please specify (e.g. data from energy suppliers, heating devices sold/ installed)

16c Do you apply automated plausibility checks? O √ O

17c Do you use these data for compiling national energy balances? O √ O

18c Do you publish the survey results separately? √ O OIf "yes" how do you publish (internet, brochure, CD….) andwhen did you publish the most recent figures?Link: …………………………………….

The results are disseminated via the website of ELSTAT (www.statistics.gr)

19c Do you publish a Report of Methods? √ O OIf "yes" when did you publish the most recent report?Link: …………………………………….

A report of methodology is included in the quality report of the survey and it is published in the website of ELSTAT by mid of each year.

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http://www.statistics.gr/

5 Please, give the name and a short description of each modelling process used:

The development of a bottom-up methodology for the estimation of the achieved energy savings in various sectors has been planned. The proposed approach will focus on the major end-users sectors which are responsible for final energy consumption. These sectors are agricultural, industrial, residential and tertiary. The main target, which is foreseen from the development and implementation of bottom-up models, is the calculation of specific key performance indicators for the various end-user sectors, including residential sector. These indicators can be a valuable tool contributing to the improvement of the efficiency of energy planning procedures. More specifically, the key performance indicators will be utilized for the evaluation of energy policies and measures’ effectiveness, for the assessment of energy technologies’ penetration and for the identification of specific energy behavioural patterns through their comparison with the corresponding official data which are available from energy balances and the relative national databases and registries.

6. For each modelling process identified in Part 5 please describe:

Model Name: Bottom-up approach

1 Source data:

Give an overview of the key data sets that populate the model (surveys, administrative sources, other models). For the various sources, indicate the frequency of the data collection, an estimate of the robustness of the input data, and what other uses are made of the source data.

The data which are incorporated into the bottom-up model consist of: National statistics (e.g. energy balances, Prodcom, etc.,) published annually. Building and population census. Surveys on household expenditures.

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PART B: MODELLING ACTIVITIES

Part B reviews modelling activities carried out at national level. The questions seek qualitative assessments and responses to a number of topics (source data, the modelling objective and methodology, etc.) related to modelling and the associated costs. Three types of modelling activities are considered, namely:

To estimate the total fuel consumption in households by type of fuel and end-useTo estimate the breakdown of the fuel consumption by end-use To model electricity consumption for the different appliances

Sectoral studies, Briefs, international benchmark studies, etc. Scientific papers. Official energy databases and registries

2 Modelling objective:

Specify the objective of the modelling process, in particular whether:

a) The modelling process is a bottom-up estimation of the total fuel consumption in households (by fuel type and end-use). Specify the fuel(s) and end-uses (space heating / cooling, hot water, cooking, lighting and electrical appliances) modelled. Indicate any other relevant statistics (see recommended coverage in part A, point 4) which are part of the modelling output process.

b) The modelling process aims at providing disaggregated statistics by end-use, i.e. the breakdown of fuel consumption for space heating, space cooling, water heating, cooking, lighting and electrical appliances.

c) The modelling process aims at the disaggregation of electricity consumption in households by type of appliance (oven, fridge, compact fluorescent lamps, etc.)

The modelling process aims at providing disaggregated estimates of energy consumption by end-use and energy source in each major final demand sector (i.e. industry, transport, households, services, etc.). Through this analysis the technical energy saving potential in each final demand sector can be estimated in detail, allowing the formulation and implementation of appropriate measures towards the enhancement of energy efficiency. Furthermore, such an analysis allows the monitoring of the implemented energy saving measures in each sector of the economy, the identification of best practices or possible delays and the formulation of appropriate corrective actions.

In specific, the disaggregation adopted in the context of this bottom-up model comprises the following for the household sector:

24 building categories are specified on the basis of the climatic zone (4 different climatic zones are considered), the size (2 categories) and the construction period (3 categories) of the buildings.

5 categories of energy uses are considered: space heating, water heating, lighting, cooking, air-conditioning and

4 main types of appliances are taken into account.

3 Modelling methodology

Please, provide a description of the modelling methodology (including a web-link to published methodological papers). Indicate any external (independent) and internal reviews and their frequencies. Indicate frequency of modelling updates to take account of new technology (i.e. more energy efficient appliances) and new sources of data.

The implemented modelling methodology comprises 2 basic steps:1. The model is developed for the base year of the analysis.

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2. The model is used to project future energy balances.

Model development for the base yearFor the purpose of the analysis, each major final demand sector (i.e. industry, transport, households, services, etc.) is further disaggregated in selected subsectors and/or energy uses. For each specified subsector and/or energy use energy consumption per fuel type is estimated on the basis of appropriate activity data (e.g. the quantities of industrial products produced, the floor area heated, etc.), the useful energy required per unit output, the penetration of the various technologies used or can be used for the particular energy use in question, the efficiency of these technologies, and finally the shares of the various energy sources used. The values of these parameters are collected by various sources, including sectoral studies, international benchmark studies, databases, etc., while in some cases the modelling team makes certain assumptions. For the base year these assumptions are tested by comparing the aggregated energy consumption estimates through the developed model with the data provided officially by the national balances. In case of significant deviations the major assumptions are adjusted appropriately.

Projection of future energy balancesThe projection of future energy balance is based on the structure of the model for the base year of the analysis and the evolution of the activity data, structural parameters (e.g. the useful energy required per unit output), technological advancements, and assumptions regarding the future penetration of specific technologies and energy sources.

As the bottom up model in question is under development no external or internal reviews have been undertaken at the moment.

4 Reconciliation with other data

Please, provide an assessment of the accuracy of the modelling process of the overall consumption in the bottom-up approach (case "a" above). Indicate how bottom-up estimates are reconciled with aggregated energy balance data (supply side). What other independent variables are used in the reconciliation process.

Provide as assessment of the accuracy in the case of the disaggregation of total fuel consumption into the various end-uses (case "b" above). What other sources of data are there to validate this element of the modelling against?

As already mentioned above for the base year as well as for the subsequent years that the official national energy balances are available, the aggregated energy consumption estimates through the developed model are compared with the data provided by the national balances. In case of significant deviations the major assumptions (those with the less documentation) are adjusted appropriately.

5 Uses of the model outputs

Please describe how the results are used to inform / monitor /evaluate national policy. Describe the way the model outputs are published (internet, brochure, CD….), their frequency and timeliness. Give links of most recent results.

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The results will be used to control the produced energy balances and consumption from top-town methodologies as well as for the evaluation and design of energy efficiency measures in the end-use sectors (for the household sector as well). The development of key performance indicators, linked also with macroeconomic data, is a target, while the cost-effectiveness of performed incentives/programmes could be also monitored. The outputs will be mainly provided directly to the relevant authorities and bodies responsible for energy planning and adoption of policies. In medium term the model can be adjusted for local base analysis, aiming to tap the effects of local actions and initiatives along with regional particularities. Finally, the model results can be used for updating national energy action plans and to monitor the trajectory towards the achievement of specific targets.

6 Cost

Please give an estimate of the amount spent on:

- setting up the modelling system (if done recently)- annual cost of purchasing data to populate model or additional cost of carrying out surveys

where the outputs are essential input for the modelling work- annual cost of model maintenance/development (staff, IT, etc.)- annual cost of reporting model results

There is no clear estimation yet. It is estimated to account for 4-6 man-months for the development and 1-2 man-months for the testing phase.

7 Service responsible for the modelling

Please give the name of the service responsible for maintaining and operating the modelling process. Indicate whether it is produced externally under contract.

CRES will be responsible for maintaining and operating the model, which however is to be developed by external experts under the supervision and agreement of CRES.

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