questions by teachers: -- probe students on how much the student knows about the topic -- help the...
TRANSCRIPT
Questions
By teachers:
-- probe students on how much the student knows about the topic
-- help the student improve, refine, or expand the concept map
Questions
By teachers:
-- little research on question asking during concept mapping
-- See work presented at cmc2006 on preschool and elementary school concept mapping, reporting question-answer dialogues (among them, Mancinelli; Cassata; Beirute…)
-- few opportunities at the university level
Questions
Chacon (2006): The Pedagogical Question as a mediating instrument during Cmap construction
Three moments during construction of Cmap:
-- defining the context (why are we addressing this problem? why use Cmaps? where do we find information?…)
-- development of the Cmap (focus question, inquiry questions - where? what? who?… verification/validation questions)
-- review (through questions student takes cognizance over how he/she build the Cmap)
Focus Question
-- Clearly specifies the problem or issue the Cmap should help to resolve
-- Good focus question leads to a better Cmap
-- Students (cmappers) deviate from the focus question
-- Other ‘focus questions’ are usually generated during Cmap construction, leading to research/search that result in refinement and other Cmaps
Questions by Students
-- Among students:
Collaboration
synchronous, asynchronous
annotations, discussion threads, knowledge soups
--Students as interviewers / knowledge engineers
-- learn how to ask questions
Dynamic vs Static Knowledge
-- Dynamic thinking is required to build Cmaps showing explanations: Cmaps that deal with events as opposed to objects
-- In a huge collection of Cmaps less that 4% of propositions were ‘dynamic’ (Safayeni, Derbentseva & Cañas, 2005)
e.g.
Concept Mapping is a useful tool for Effective Learning
Improvement in the Quality of Concept Mapping may lead to more Effective Learning
Dynamic vs Static Knowledge
-- In a series of experiments (reported in cmc2004, cmc2006) we have evaluated the effect of:
-- Enforcing a Cyclic concept map structure
-- Focus Question
-- Quantifier in the root concept of the Cmap
Looking effects on:
-- Number of dynamic propositions
-- Number of quantified concepts
Cyclic structure < focus question < quantified root concept